Hysteresis current control with distributed shoot‐through states for impedance source inverters

This paper presents a hysteresis current control technique with shoot‐through states distribution. This control algorithm could be applied to three‐level and multi‐level inverters with any impedance source network where reference current control signal along with shoot‐through states are required. Possible modifications of the presented algorithm are discussed. The steady‐state analysis was made to explain the operation principle of the algorithm. As a result, the link between the band ratio of the hysteresis current controller, the input voltage, and the desired DC‐link voltage was obtained. All theoretical predictions were proved by simulation and experimental results. Future applications are discussed.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

逆变电源并联的谐波环流抑制研究

在逆变器系统中,滤波电感对死区等因素造成的波形畸变能够有效地抑制.对于大功率的逆变器,当滤波电感及并机电抗都很小时,死区等因素可引起很大的谐波环流.研究了逆变器的基本原理,描述了谐波扰动的双环控制模型,介绍耦合电感抑制谐波环流的方法.在此基础上建立了无互联线逆变电源并联的数学模型.研究表明耦合电感能有效的抑制谐波环流,...     

A control scheme for a three‐phase current source inverter in utility interactive photovoltaic system

A novel PWM control scheme for a three‐phase current source inverter of a photovoltaic (PV) generation system connected to a utility is proposed. The PV‐array output power can be adjusted by controlling the modulation factor in the proposed PWM pattern. The harmonic components of the output currents can be decreased sufficiently to satisfy the requirements of the Interactive Guidelines. Furthermore, a new Maximum Power Point Tracking control is proposed. The inverter output current should be detected, and the modulation factor may be controlled so as to obtain the maximum effective current. The inverter output power can be maintained at the maximum power point despite fluctuations of panel temperatures, insolation levels, and system voltages. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 135(1): 43–55, 2001     

A three‐phase voltage‐source PWM inverter system characterized by sinusoidal output voltage with neither common‐mode voltage nor normal‐mode voltage

This paper deals with an inverter system integrating a small‐rated passive EMI filter with a three‐phase voltage‐source PWM inverter. The purpose of the EMI filter is to eliminate both common‐mode and normal‐mode voltages from the output voltage of the inverter. The motivation of this research is based on the well‐known fact that the higher the carrier or switching frequency, the smaller and the more effective the EMI filter. An experimental system consisting of a 5‐kVA inverter, a 3.7‐kW induction motor, and a specially designed passive EMI filter was constructed to verify the viability and effectiveness of the EMI filter. As a result, it is shown experimentally that both three‐phase line‐to‐line and line‐to‐neutral output voltages look purely sinusoidal as if the inverter system were an ideal variable‐voltage, variable‐frequency power supply when viewed from the motor terminals. This results in complete solution of serious issues related to common‐mode and normal‐mode voltages produced by the inverter. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(4): 88–96, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10206     

单相并网逆变器的定频滞环电流控制新方法

传统的滞环电流控制算法具有实现简单、动态响应快、对负载参数变化不敏感、电流跟踪误差小等优点,但也存在开关频率随电流变化率变化而波动,造成网侧滤波电感设计困难,功率模块应力及开关损耗增大的不足。通过对滞环电流控制算法的原理和开关频率波动的原因进行分析,提出了基于积分法的定频算法。利用MATLAB中的Simulink工具箱,搭建了单相光伏并网系统仿真模型,仿真结果表明,这种算法在保持滞环电流控制算法优点的同时,较好实现了滞环开关频率的稳定。     

三电平逆变器的改进无模型预测电流控制

针对传统模型预测控制对系统模型的依赖性强、鲁棒性差的问题,提出一种应用于三相三电平中性点箝位型(NPC)逆变器的改进无模型预测电流控制方法。该方法利用当前时刻检测的负载电流和上一次计算的电流差分矢量预测下一时刻的输出电流值,其无需任何系统模型参数;通过引入计数因子,及时更新电流差分,并在下一控制周期内应用所选择的使给定代价函数最小的逆变器开关状态,有效地控制负载电流。该算法在一个采样间隔内只需对负载电流进行一次采样,但其运算量大,对系统处理器要求较高。仿真和实验结果表明:所提控制策略具有良好的稳态特性和动态响应速度,且能消除负载参数变化对控制系统稳定性的影响。     

有源滤波器电流控制新方法

本文提出了一种基于最优电压空间矢量的有源滤波器滞环电流控制方法。该方法的特点是以相间电流误差而非相电流误差作为控制对象,因此可用三个滞环比较器构成参考电压矢量所在区别判别器,在此基础上应用最优电压矢量实行滞环电流控制。在同样的控制精度下,该方法可有效地降低开关频率,减小有源滤波器开关损耗。计算机仿真结果验证了这一方法的有效性。     

A novel robust current control approach using adaptive line enhancer for three‐phase current‐source active power filter

An effective system control method is presented for applying a three‐phase current‐source PWM converter with a deadbeat controller to active power filters (APFs). In the shunt‐type configuration, the APF is controlled such that the current drawn by the APF from the utility is equal to the current harmonics and reactive current required for the load. To attain the time‐optimal response of the APF supply current, a two‐dimensional deadbeat control scheme is applied to APF current control. Furthermore, in order to cancel both the delay in the two‐dimensional deadbeat control scheme and the delay in DSP control strategy, an Adaptive Line Enhancer (ALE) is introduced in order to predict the desired value three sampling periods ahead. ALE has another function of bringing robustness to the deadbeat control system. Due to the ALE, settling time is made short in a transient state. On the other hand, total harmonic distortion (THD) of source currents can be minimized compared to the case where ideal identification of the controlled system can be made. The experimental results obtained from the DSP‐based APF are also reported. The compensating ability of this APF is very high in accuracy and responsiveness although the modulation frequency is rather low. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(1): 50–61, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20014     

AC voltage and current sensorless control method for three‐phase PWM converter

We present a three‐phase PWM converter without AC voltage and AC current sensors. The phase angle used in the control system is adjusted by using a PLL controller without sensing AC voltage. To prevent overcurrent at startup, the initial phase angle of the source voltage is estimated from the shunt current using a novel strategy. Furthermore, the phase currents can be reconstructed from the shunt current without any modification of the PWM pattern. To reduce the effect of current ripple, the shunt current is sampled twice for every phase in one PWM period and the sample timings are carefully adjusted. All of the proposed control schemes can be implanted using a single chip microprocessor (SH7046, Renesas Tech.). Simulation and experimental results with a 5‐kW prototype confirmed that the schemes worked well. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 172(4): 48–57, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20983     

Feasible enhancement of a three‐phase soft‐switching inverter with an auxiliary resonant DC link snubber

The purpose of this paper is to improve power conversion efficiency of a three‐phase voltage source type soft‐switching inverter with a single auxiliary resonant DC link (ARDCL) snubber. First, the operating principle of an ARDCL snubber discussed here is described. Second, this paper proposes an effective pulse pattern generation method of the zero voltage space vector of the three‐phase soft‐switching inverter using IGBTs or power modules that can reduce power losses in the ARDCL snubber treated here. In particular, a zero voltage holding interval in the DC rail busline of this three‐phase soft‐switching inverter is to be regulated according to the generation method of the zero voltage space vector. Third, the maximum modulation depth M_max under the condition of correction of the instantaneous voltage space vector can be improved by using a new zero voltage space vector generation method. Finally, the feasible experimental results of this inverter are obtained confirming the operating characteristics such as power conversion actual efficiency, as well as conventional efficiency THD and RMS value of the balanced three‐phase output voltage for an experimentally built three‐phase voltage source type soft‐switching pulse modulated inverter using the latest IGBT modules and evaluated from the standpoint of practical applications in industry UPS and new energy systems. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 146(1): 89–99, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10234     

A three‐vector‐based direct power control strategy for three‐phase voltage source PWM converters

For traditional direct power control strategy, there exist high steady‐state power ripples and large current harmonics. To solve this problem, this work proposes a novel three‐vector‐based direct power control strategy for three‐phase voltage source pulse‐width‐modulated (PWM) converters. Different from traditional predictive direct power control strategy, an improved vector table is presented and three voltage vectors are selected, which considers the impact of voltage vectors on the active and reactive power simultaneously. The performance of the three‐phase voltage source PWM converters with the proposed control strategy is investigated and compared with the predictive deadbeat direct power control strategy. Furthermore, the three‐phase voltage source PWM converters have also been tested in the condition of different loads and when voltage unbalance occurs. Simulation and experimental work are conducted. The results conclude that the proposed strategy is of simple structure and fast dynamic response. Besides, it can effectively reduce steady‐state power ripples and current harmonics, improving the performance of the three‐phase PWM converters. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

光伏并网逆变器的定频滞环电流控制新方法

提出一种用于光伏发电系统与公用电网并网的逆变器定频滞环电流控制新方法,该方法首先基于电网线电压空间矢量将复平面分为6个扇区,在每个扇区内实现两相开关解耦分别控制相应的线电流;然后,在控制相的下一个线电流误差周期到来时,计算并调节下一周期的滞环宽度以达到定频滞环电流跟踪,改善输出电流波形,提高控制精度。该方法的主要特点是不需要额外的模拟电路便可以实现开关频率的稳定。利用Matlab进行建模,仿真结果证明了该方法对稳定滞环开关频率是有效的,同时也表明该方法应用于光伏并网逆变器是可行的。     

A new PWM scheme for NPC inverters which reduces waveform distortion due to pulsewidth limitation and a new neutral point voltage control

This paper presents a new PWM scheme for NPC inverters that is suitable for large capacity GTO inverters. In conventional NPC inverters, a pulse of narrow width is needed to synthesize a low-voltage wave. A pulsewidth limitation due to the use of GTOs causes differences between output phase voltages and reference voltages. This paper proposes a scheme in which square waves are added to all three-phase voltage references to enable a low-voltage to be synthesized with no narrow pulses and significant reduction in harmonic components of output voltage results. Also, a new neutral point voltage control is proposed. Finally, a theoretical analysis and experimental results for the proposed scheme are presented. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 118 (1): 93–105, 1997     

具有中点电位平衡的Z源三电平NPC逆变器SPWM模糊控制算法

针对Z源三电平NPC逆变器的中点电位偏移问题,提出了一种具有中点电位平衡的SPWM模糊控制算法。该算法将电容电压的偏差与偏差的变化率作为模糊逻辑控制器的输入,直流参考信号的幅值为模糊逻辑控制器的输出。算法按照中点电位偏移的程度,通过模糊控制规则实时调节逆变器的上、下直通时间从而达到直流侧电容电压中点电位平衡控制,实现在Z源网络升压的情况下,有效地抑制中点电位偏移。同时,该控制算法不会增加额外的开关次数,因此不会增加逆变器的开关损耗。通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真分析,验证了相应抑制中点电位偏移的SPWM模糊控制算法的正确性和可行性。     

A simple method for output voltage control of a three‐phase multilevel inverter considering DC voltage fluctuation

Multilevel inverter circuit generates the stair‐like voltage without using transformer and interphase reactor, and it is the circuit which realizes reduction in the harmonics and enlargement of the capacity. In addition, the application of PWM control improves the waveform, and reduces the switching component to the conventional half, and the filter capacity is reduced. In this paper, improvement on the voltage utilization factor and feedback control of output voltage are applied to multilevel inverter circuit. For the DC power supply with the intense fluctuation, it is necessary to construct inverter circuit which can supply stabilized AC voltage. One‐chip microcomputer with various functions is used for the control equipment of this circuit, and miniaturization and cost reduction of the control equipment are realized. Here, the control principle and experimental results of this equipment are mainly reported. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(3): 40–47, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20906     

NPC型三电平逆变器可视化三矢量无模型预测控制策略

为了解决传统模型预测控制参数鲁棒性差、输出电流纹波大的不足,提出了一种应用于三相三电平逆变器的可视化三矢量无模型预测控制策略。该方法首先利用滑模观测器估计系统集总参数,采用无差拍控制获得参考电压矢量。该过程无需任何系统参数,提高了控制策略的参数鲁棒性。其次,在每个采样周期内施加由冗余矢量构成的三矢量组合,减少了输出电流纹波并实现了电容电压平衡。在此基础上,提出了一种新的可视化分析方法,从理论上证明了所提出的简化三矢量寻优的有效性。实验结果表明,在模型参数失配的情况下,所提策略可使NPC三电平逆变器的并网电流拥有较低的电流总谐波失真率,增强了模型预测控制的参数鲁棒性。     

Compensation for neutral point potential in a three‐level inverter using motor currents of a permanent magnet synchronous motor and its characteristics

A three‐level inverter has several advantages of large capacity, large voltage, and low current waveform distortion. However, there is an important problem of neutral point potential variation in three‐level inverters. The variation causes an unbalance in the dc link voltage levels and current waveform distortion. In this paper, we propose a new method to control the neutral point potential. First, the neutral point potential variation in a three‐level inverter for permanent magnet synchronous motor drive is analyzed by state variable method and is calculated on the basis of the analytic results. Second, using the estimated value, proposed compensation for the variation can be done. Third, analytic and experimental results of the proposed method are compared with the results of feedforward compensation by simply adjusting the vector output intervals. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 139(4): 56–63, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10033     

Filter‐based perturbation control of low‐frequency oscillation in voltage‐mode H‐bridge DC–AC inverter

This paper presents a new additional perturbation control method for suppressing low‐frequency oscillation in voltage‐mode H‐bridge DC–AC inverter. The stability boundary of the H‐bridge inverter is investigated from its small‐signal averaged model. High input voltage and light load would cause low‐frequency oscillation in this system. To this end, a filter‐based perturbation control (FBPC) is proposed for eliminating this oscillation, by using an analog filter to extract the unexpected signal and applying it to the control loop. Theoretical results show a larger stability range of the controlled system with the proposed FBPC. The simulation and experiment results show that the proposed controller can control the low‐frequency oscillation in H‐bridge DC–AC inverter well. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dead‐time elimination SVPWM of six‐leg inverter

We present a six‐leg voltage source inverter (VSI) with a single DC link to feed a three‐phase inductive load. The space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) of the six‐leg inverter is studied in detail. The novel switching strategy in one sampling period for H bridge is proposed to avoid the 180° phase shift of the PWM signals for upper and lower side switches. Based on the novel switching strategy, a dead‐time elimination SVPWM is proposed, which can be easily implemented on a digital signal processor. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the validity and features of the proposed novel SVPWM. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

三电平有源滤波器直流侧电压控制方法

建立了三电平有源滤波器数学模型并提出了其直流侧电压的闭环控制策略。在电压外环中采用PI控制维持直流侧电压恒定。在电流内环中,从空间矢量PWM调制方法的角度出发,对中点平衡问题进行了仔细研究,总结了各种空间矢量对中点电压平衡的影响。然后针对三电平APF,提出了一种简单的中点电压平衡控制策略。该方法只需检测各相电流和中点电压波动的方向,对小矢量进行取舍实现中点电压平衡控制。同时,并没有增加系统的开关损耗和输出电压的du/dt。仿真结果证明了这种控制策略的正确性。