基于组合指标的无线传感器网络安全路由算法

针对无线传感器网络路由安全与可靠性的问题,提出了一种基于组合指标的安全路由算法.评估节点通过观测被评估节点的数据包转发行为,计算直接信任值,然后与第三节点推荐的信任值进行加权求和,得到一个综合信任值.为了提高信任的准确性,避免出现合谋攻击,对第三方推荐的信任值进行了信任相似度检测.通过对期望传输次数和信任值进行加权组合,形成一个用于选择下一跳节点的组合路由指标.最后,对所提出的算法进行了仿真验证.结果表明,所提出的算法能够有效地避免恶意节点的攻击,在传递率和总的传输次数方面明显优于其他算法.     

认知无线电网络中基于信任的安全路由模型

针对认知无线电网络中路由受到的选择性转发攻击,提出一种基于信任的安全路由模型。通过监视节点的数据转发行为,构建节点的信任以识别恶意节点。基于路由选择必须同频谱分配紧密结合的特点,在路由发现阶段,请求信息中封装节点的可用频谱机会并避免发送给恶意节点。在路由选择阶段,利用节点信任构建可用路径信任,结合延时度量进行路由决定。同时,根据节点的信任划分对其服务请求采取不同的响应,对非可信节点的恶意行为采取更严厉的惩罚,从而激励节点在路由中的合作。仿真结果及分析表明,在选择性转发攻击下,该模型较已有模型在网络吞吐率、端到端延迟方面都有较好的表现。     

基于一跳信任模型的协同过滤推荐算法

基于社会信任网络的协同过滤推荐算法存在节点之间多下一跳带来的复杂路径选择和信任弱传递问题。针对这2个问题,给出基于项目的一跳信任模型,该模型通过用户对项目信任度的计算,定义用户的直接和间接社会信任属性,然后一步跳转计算用户之间的直接和间接信任距离,进而计算用户之间的信任度。基于此模型设计推荐算法,同时分析了信任度与传统相似度的理论关系并二维拟合。仿真实验表明,该算法提高了推荐准确度(约0.02 MAE),降低了训练时间(约50%)。     

一种基于推荐网络的拒绝服务攻击检测发现方法

在开放、动态的环境中,如何区分正常与异常数据已经成为互联网的难点和关键问题。针对在推荐网络中没有考虑数据来源的可信度问题,提出了一种基于推荐网络信任模型的路由算法。构建了一个推荐网络信任模型,并给出了相关策略。数据在路由的过程中,根据策略决定数据的路由概率,从而迅速降低恶意数据的传播。     

ad hoc网络中一种基于信任模型的机会路由算法

由于ad hoc网络具有缺乏足够的物理保护、拓扑结构动态变化、采用分布式协作、节点的带宽和计算能力有限等特点,导致传统的路由安全机制不再适合ad hoc网络路由协议的设计。最近当前研究热点之一的机会路由能够在链路不可靠的情况下充分利用无线广播和空间多样性的特性提高网络的吞吐量。因此,考虑在机会路由中引入信任相似性概念设计信任机会路由,建立了基于节点信任度和最小成本的信任机会转发模型,提出了最小成本的机会路由算法MCOR,并对算法进行了理论上的分析和证明。最后采用仿真实验对该算法进行验证,又与经典机会路由协议ExOR以及其他经典的信任路由协议TAODV和Watchdog-DSR进行性能对比。仿真结果表明,MCOR算法能够防范恶意节点的攻击,在吞吐量、端到端时延、期望转发次数(ETX)和成本开销等方面都比其他3种协议表现出性能上的优势。     

路由策略与策略路由的具体应用

路由策略是路由发布和接收的策略,是使用某些策略改变规则,影响路由发布,接收或者路由选择的参教而改变路由发现的结果。策略路由技术是对传统路由技术的扩展和改进,基于策略的路由比传统路由使用更灵活,不仅能够根据目的地址,而且能够根据报文大小、应用或IP源地址来选择转发路径。     

叠加组播测度量化均衡路由机制研究

针对路由机制测度均衡基本问题与成组通信中不同数据类型需要不同QoS转发路径需求,提出一种基于叠加组播的测度量化均衡路由机制,通过对QoS路由选择中两个重要测度叠加延迟代价与节点接入带宽代价进行量化均衡,实现根据不同QoS需求进行数据转发的路由选择机制.多组实验表明机制能够获得有效均衡,量化度控制能够量化地动态调整路径延迟和接入带宽,具有较好的动态适应性.     

LEO星座中基于不完全信息的路由联盟博弈策略

针对LEO卫星网络在多跳转发数据包时流量分布不均问题,提出了一种基于不完全信息的最优收益路由联盟博弈算法.各节点协同联盟邻居节点,共同确定数据报文当前最优转发路径,从而分配和平衡节点间流量负载.仿真结果表明,与最短路径卫星路由DSP或智能路由TLR相比,本文算法的平均数据传输延迟降低了18.5%,节点流量负载均衡度提高了65.6%.     

分布式环境下信任路径选择性搜索及聚合研究

针对现有基于信誉的信任模型在刻画节点推荐可信度、推荐信任路径搜索及合成算法方面存在的问题,提出基于时间衰减因子、推荐吻合度因子及交互成功率因子的推荐可信度更新算法,进而给出一种新的分布式环境下推荐信任路径选择性搜索算法,该算法以邻居节点间推荐可信度、评分相似度、路径长度等作为控制条件,能直接在搜索过程中规避恶意节点,选择包含有效推荐信息的路径进行搜索并停止对冗余路径的搜索。最后采用一种改进的D-S证据理论合成算法对搜索得到的信任路径进行聚合。仿真实验表明,与已有模型相比,所提模型具有较强的抵制各种恶意节点攻击的能力。     

一种融合云模型和信任的推荐算法

针对传统的协同过滤推荐系统推荐精度低的问题,从用户相似度和用户信任度两个角度出发,提出了一种融合云模型和信任的推荐算法。采用云模型的相似度方法计算用户间的相似度,再采用信任推导来计算用户间的信任值,在此基础之上根据用户相似度和信任度两个因素分别确定邻居用户,得到预测评分。再将二者的预测评分结合的混合值作为最终的预测评分,从而产生推荐。实验结果表明,该算法与基于信任关系的推荐算法相比有更好的推荐效果。     

Trust routing algorithm based on multiple decision factor theory in OSPF protocol

This paper presents a novel trust model based on multiple decision factor theory （MDFT） and a trust routing algorithm based on MDFT to exactly evaluate routing node trust and establish a trustworthy routing path. MDFT integrates four dimensional trust decision factors including behavior, state, recommend and node liveness to realize an exactly finer-grained trust evaluation. On the basis of MDFT, a trust routing algorithm is presented and validated in open shortest path first （OSPF） protocol. Simulation resuRs show that the algorithm can reflect the routing node trust accurately and has better dynamic response ability. Under the circumstance of existing deceptive nodes, the algorithm has better anti-deception performance and higher attack node detection rate than conventional algorithm.     

Energy Efficiency Routing with Node Compromised Resistance in Wireless Sensor Networks

For the energy limited wireless sensor networks, the critical problem is how to achieve the energy efficiency. Many attackers can consume the limited network energy, by the method of capturing some legal nodes then control them to start DoS and flooding attack, which is difficult to be detected by only the classic cryptography based techniques with common routing protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We argue that under the condition of attacking, existing routing schemes are low energy-efficient and vulnerable to inside attack due to their deterministic nature. To avoid the energy consumption caused by the inside attack initiated by the malicious nodes, this paper proposes a novel energy efficiency routing with node compromised resistance (EENC) based on Ant Colony Optimization. Under our design, each node computes the trust value of its 1-hop neighbors based on their multiple behavior attributes evaluation and builds a trust management by the trust value. By this way, sensor nodes act as router to achieve dynamic and adaptive routing, where the node can select much energy efficiency and faithful forwarding node from its neighbors according to their remaining energy and trust values in the next process of data collection. Simulation results indicate that the established routing can bypass most compromised nodes in the transmission path and EENC has high performance in energy efficiency, which can prolong the network lifetime.     

Trust-aware secure routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

A trust-aware secure routing protocol (TSRP) for wireless sensor networks is proposed in this paper to defend against varieties of attacks. First, each node calculates the comprehensive trust values of its neighbors based on direct trust value, indirect trust value, volatilization factor, and residual energy to defend against black hole, selective forwarding, wormhole, hello flood, and sinkhole attacks. Second, any source node that needs to send data forwards a routing request packet to its neighbors in multi-path mode, and this continues until the sink at the end is reached. Finally, the sink finds the optimal path based on the path's comprehensive trust values, transmission distance, and hop count by analyzing the received packets. Simulation results show that TSRP has lower network latency, smaller packet loss rate, and lower average network energy consumption than ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing and trust based secure routing protocol.     

基于动态邻接信任模型的安全路由算法研究

对现有路由节点信任相关问题进行了研究,综合路由节点的状态和行为因素提出了一种路由节点动态邻接信任模型。在此模型基础上提出了一种基于动态邻接信任熵的安全路由算法,并在现有OSPF路由协议中对该路由算法进行了验证。仿真结果表明提出的动态邻接信任模型能够准确地反映路由节点状态改变和恶意攻击,具有良好的动态响应能力,提出的安全路由算法能有效地保证路由节点的行为及状态可信并且具有良好的抗攻击性能。     

认知无线Mesh网络中满足QoS的高吞吐量安全路由协议

提出了一种综合考虑链路安全、链路冲突、链路可靠度与链路可用带宽的路由判据SIEB。SIEB包括链路安全和链路性能2个方面,在SIEB的链路安全权值计算中,为了抵御各种洞攻击,提出了基于两跳邻居反馈的链路信任值计算方法。在此基础上,提出了链路安全权值计算算法LSWC和链路性能权值计算算法LSPC,提出了分布式满足QoS约束的路由协议SIEBP,SIEBP的目标是：构造安全的路由路径,并且最大化网络吞吐量。仿真结果表明,SIEBP能达到预定目标,构造的路径能抵御黑洞、灰洞、虫洞等攻击,并且获得了较高的网络吞吐量。     

一种面向高速路车联网场景的自适应路由方法

车载自组织网络中节点的高速移动性使得网络拓扑频繁变化,造成路由效率低下.本文提出了一种面向高速路车联网场景的自适应路由方法.本方法采用了贪婪机会转发（GOF）算法,在选择下一跳转发节点时,同时考虑到目的节点的距离计算、节点间的链路状态以及下一跳的有效节点度状况来找出最优转发节点,并提出新的计算连通概率的方法.仿真实验和实际道路场景的测试表明,与相关算法相比在路由稳定性方面表现出较好的效果.     

Combining trust with location information for routing in wireless sensor networks

As the applications of wireless sensor networks proliferate, the efficiency in supporting large sensor networks and offering security guarantees becomes an important requirement in the design of the relevant networking protocols. Geographical routing has been proven to efficiently cope with large network dimensions while trust management schemes have been shown to assist in defending against routing attacks. Once trust information is available for all network nodes, the routing decisions can take it into account, i.e. routing can be based on both location and trust attributes. In this paper, we investigate different ways to incorporate trust in location‐based routing schemes and we propose a novel way of balancing trust and location information. Computer simulations show that the proposed routing rule exhibits excellent performance in terms of delivery ratio, latency time and path optimality. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.