一种鲁棒的人脑组织核磁共振图像分割算法研究

自动的人脑核磁共振(MR)图像分割是许多医学图像应用的关键问题.该文提出了一种有效的自动脑核磁共振图像的分割方法框架体系,脑MR分割框架体系由3个处理步骤构成.首先,采用基于水平集的方法将MR图像中非脑组织剔除,从脑图像中提取大脑组织结构.然后,对MR脑结构图像进行灰度不均匀性校正.最后,该算法采用最大后验分类器可以将人脑组织分为脑白质、脑灰质、脑髓液.在实验中对大量的MR脑图像数据应用该分割算法.实验结果充分证明该方法的有效性.这种分割算法适用于人脑核磁图像分析的各种实际临床应用.     

多分类CNN的胶质母细胞瘤多模态MR图像分割

为提高胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）多模态磁共振（MR）图像中各肿瘤子区域分割的准确性,提出一种多分类卷积神经网络（CNN）的GBM多模态MR图像自动分割算法.首先在98%缩尾处理和配准GBM多模态MR图像后,利用N4ITK法校正偏移场;其次构建一个主要由4个卷积层、2个池化层和2个全连接层组成的多分类CNN模型,训练后预分割GBM多模态MR图像,将体素分为5类不同的标签;最后移除所有小于200体素的假阳性区域,中值滤波后获得最终分割结果.以Dice相似性系数DSC、阳性预测值PPV和平均Hausdorff距离AHD为评价指标,利用所提出的算法对F-C-GBM数据集中整个肿瘤组织进行分割,获得的DSC、PPV、AHD分别为0.889±0.087、0.859±0.127和1.923.结果表明,该算法能有效提高GBM多模态MR图像分割的性能,可望有临床应用前景.     

带偏场校正和邻域约束的快速MR脑组织分割新方法

 由于部分容积效应(PVE)、图像的偏场(INU)和噪声的存在,脑组织磁共振(MR)图像自动准确的分割是一项具有挑战性的任务.本文提出了一个准确度高并快速鲁棒的二维(2D)和三维(3D)分割算法来将脑部MR图象分割为白质(WM)、灰质(GM)和脑脊液(CSF)三种主要的解剖组织类型.该算法在标准模糊C-均值算法(FCM)的基础上提出了一个新的目标函数,包含偏场校正和邻域约束.在该算法中,采用参数模型表示INU,并且一个类似马尔可夫随机场(MRF)的邻域约束来表示脑组织空间分布一致性信息.本文给出了该算法的模拟和真实脑MR图像的分割结果,同时与其它算法进行了比较.比较结果显示该算法具有较高的准确度和较快的收敛速度.     

基于偏移场的双水平集医学图像分割算法

针对医学图像中通常伴有灰度不均、背景复杂,无法被传统水平集有效分割的特点,提出了基于偏移场的双水平集算法。为了去除医学图像中灰度不均对分割效果的影响,算法中引入偏移场拟合项,改进双水平集模型,再由改进后的双水平集算法分割医学图像中的多目标区域。实验结果表明,所提算法能有效地解决灰度不均与背景复杂的问题,将伴有灰度不均的多目标医学图像完全分割出来,获得预期的分割效果。     

基于直方图信息和灰度偏移网格的数字减影图像灰度矫正算法

本文首次提出一种利用数字减影图像直方图信息和灰度偏移网格进行灰度矫正的新的矫正算法.该算法能够有效去除灰度失真带来的蒙盈片灰度级差异,使减影图像丢失的细节信息得以重现.通过分析减影图像直方图,提取其中的灰度偏移量信息,有效消除了减影图像中的灰度级噪声.首次提出灰度偏移网格,较好地解决了数字减影图像灰度矫正过程中减影质量与矫正速度的矛盾.     

基于动态方向梯度矢量流蛇模型的图像分割

提出了一种改进的基于动态方向梯度矢量流蛇模型的MR脑肿瘤图像分割新方法,实验结果表明该方法能够有效地分割提取出脑肿瘤图像.为了对MR脑肿瘤图像形状特征进行描述,提出了一种改进的基于Zernike矩的快速算法,为进一步诊断病情提供了有效的帮助.     

基于模糊水平集的脑肿瘤MR图像分割方法

针对传统水平集(Level Set)方法对脑肿瘤MR图像进行分割时易在弱边缘处产生泄露的问题,提出一种新的基于模糊水平集的脑肿瘤MR图像分割方法。采用模糊聚类算法对图像进行预分割,得到脑肿瘤MR图像的感兴趣区域;将聚类分割结果作为水平集演化的初始轮廓;利用聚类结果计算水平集演化的初始化条件和控制参数。算法执行效率得到了提高,并且克服了水平集演化依赖于初始化条件和控制参数且需要较多人工干预的缺陷,增加了方法的鲁棒性。实验结果表明,该方法鲁棒性强,能够快速、准确地分割出MR图像中的脑肿瘤,具有重要的临床意义。     

多尺度特征融合全卷积神经网络脑肿瘤MR图像分割

针对传统以及基于深度学习的脑肿瘤MR图像分割方法存在精度低、特征信息丢失等问题,提出一种多尺度特征融合全卷积神经网络的脑肿瘤MR图像分割算法.该算法首先对脑肿瘤MR图像的4种模态进行归一化处理;将得到的结果通过多尺度特征融合全卷积神经网络(MFF-FCN).该网络是在全卷积神经网络的基础上,引入5×5、7×7大小的卷积核作为其它2种通路,以提高模型的特征信息提取能力.实验结果表明,MFF-FCN网络模型在特征提取和分割精度上都有较好的表现,尤其是在全肿瘤和边缘分割上,Dice、Sensitivity、PPV等指标都有明显的提升;且单幅脑肿瘤MR图像的分割时间平均用时不到1s,实用性较强.     

一种在MR图像中进行脑胶质瘤检测和病灶分割的方法

针对磁共振图像(MRI)进行脑胶质瘤检测及病灶分割对临床治疗方案的选择和手术实施过程的引导都有着重要的价值。为了提高脑胶质瘤的检测效率和分割准确率,该文提出了一种两阶段计算方法。首先,设计了一个轻量级的卷积神经网络,并通过该网络完成MR图像中肿瘤的快速检测及大致定位;接着,通过集成学习过程对肿瘤周围水肿、肿瘤非增强区、肿瘤增强区和正常脑组织等4种不同区域进行分类与彼此边界的精细分割。为提高分割的准确率,在MR图像中提取了416维影像组学特征并与128维通过卷积神经网络提取的高阶特征进行组合和特征约简,将特征约简后产生的298维特征向量用于分类学习。为对算法的性能进行验证,在BraTS2017数据集上进行了实验,实验结果显示该文提出的方法能够快速检测并定位肿瘤,同时相比其它方法,整体分割精度也有明显提升。     

基于活动轮廓模型的左心室MR图像分割

本文提出一种基于局部与全局特征的活动轮廓模型左心室MR图像分割算法.该算法融合了图像局部信息和全局信息.局部信息包含了图像局部均值和方差信息,来克服图像灰度不均匀的影响.全局信息则较好地提高模型处理图像弱边界的能力,并防止模型陷入局部最优,实验结果表明,改进算法分割出较为精确的心脏左心室MR图像.     

Brain MR image segmentation based on local Gaussian mixture model and nonlocal spatial regularization

Brain Magnetic Resonance (MR) images often suffer from the inhomogeneous intensities caused by the bias field and heavy noise. The most widely used image segmentation algorithms, which typically rely on the homogeneity of image intensities in different regions, often fail to provide accurate segmentation results due to the existence of bias field and heavy noise. This paper proposes a novel variational approach for brain image segmentation with simultaneous bias correction. We define an energy functional with a local data fitting term and a nonlocal spatial regularization term. The local data fitting term is based on the idea of local Gaussian mixture model (LGMM), which locally models the distribution of each tissue by a linear combination of Gaussian function. By the LGMM, the bias field function in an additive form is embedded to the energy functional, which is helpful for eliminating the influence of the intensity inhomogeneity. For reducing the influence of noise and getting a smooth segmentation, the nonlocal spatial regularization is drawn upon, which is good at preserving fine structures in brain images. Experiments performed on simulated as well as real MR brain data and comparisons with other related methods are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Automatic segmentation of hippocampal subfields based on multi-atlas image segmentation techniques

The volume of hippocampal subfields is closely related with early diagnosis of Alzheimer＇s disease. Due to the anatomical complexity of hippocampal subfields, automatic segmentation merely on the content of MR images is extremely difficult. We presented a method which combines multi-atlas image segmentation with extreme learning machine based bias detection and correction technique to achieve a fully automatic segmentation of hippocampal subfields. Symmetric diffeomorphic registration driven by symmetric mutual information energy was implemented in atlas registration, which allows multi-modal image registration and accelerates execution time. An exponential function based label fusion strategy was proposed for the normalized similarity measure case in segmentation combination, which yields better combination accuracy. The test results show that this method is effective, especially for the larger subfields with an overlap of more than 80%, which is competitive with the current methods and is of potential clinical significance.     

MR Image Segmentation Using a Power Transformation Approach

This study proposes a segmentation method for brain MR images using a distribution transformation approach. The method extends traditional Gaussian mixtures expectation-maximization segmentation to a power transformed version of mixed intensity distributions, which includes Gaussian mixtures as a special case. As MR intensities tend to exhibit non-Gaussianity due to partial volume effects, the proposed method is designed to fit non-Gaussian tissue intensity distributions. One advantage of the method is that it is intuitively appealing and computationally simple. To avoid performance degradation caused by intensity inhomogeneity, different methods for correcting bias fields were applied prior to image segmentation, and their correction effects on the segmentation results were examined in the empirical study. The partitions of brain tissues (i.e., gray and white matter) resulting from the method were validated and evaluated against manual segmentation results based on 38 real T1-weighted image volumes from the internet brain segmentation repository, and 18 simulated image volumes from BrainWeb. The Jaccard and Dice similarity indexes were computed to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach relative to the expert segmentations. Empirical results suggested that the proposed segmentation method yielded higher similarity measures for both gray matter and white matter as compared with those based on the traditional segmentation using the Gaussian mixtures approach.      

A robust hybrid active contour model based on pre-fitting bias field correction for fast image segmentation

An array of existing active contour models is prone to suffering from the deficiencies of poor anti-noise ability, initialization sensitivity, and slow convergence. In order to handle these problems, a robust hybrid active contour method based on bias correction is proposed in this research paper The energy functional is formulated through incorporating the adaptive edge indicator function and level set formulation driven by bias field correction. The adaptive edge indicator function, which is formulated based on image gradient information, is utilized to detect object boundaries and accelerate the segmentation in the homogeneous region. The level set formulation is constructed based on an improved criterion function, in which bias field information is considered. Specifically, the bias field distribution is approximated through the local mean gray value algorithm as a prior. Moreover, a new regularized function is proposed so as to maintain the stability of curve evolution. The segmentation process is implemented by the optimized energy function and the novel regularized term. Compared to previous active contour models, the modified active contour method can yield more precise, stable, and efficient segmentation results on some challenging images.     

Parametric estimate of intensity inhomogeneities applied to MRI

This paper presents a new approach to the correction of intensity inhomogeneities in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that significantly improves intensity-based tissue segmentation. The distortion of the image brightness values by a low-frequency bias field impedes visual inspection and segmentation. The new correction method called parametric bias field correction (PABIC) is based on a simplified model of the imaging process, a parametric model of tissue class statistics, and a polynomial model of the inhomogeneity field. We assume that the image is composed of pixels assigned to a small number of categories with a priori known statistics. Further we assume that the image is corrupted by noise and a low-frequency inhomogeneity field. The estimation of the parametric bias field is formulated as a nonlinear energy minimization problem using an evolution strategy (ES). The resulting bias field is independent of the image region configurations and thus overcomes limitations of methods based on homomorphic filtering. Furthermore, PABIC can correct bias distortions much larger than the image contrast. Input parameters are the intensity statistics of the classes and the degree of the polynomial function. The polynomial approach combines bias correction with histogram adjustment, making it well suited for normalizing the intensity histogram of datasets from serial studies. We present simulations and a quantitative validation with phantom and test images. A large number of MR image data acquired with breast, surface, and head coils, both in two dimensions and three dimensions, have been processed and demonstrate the versatility and robustness of this new bias correction scheme.     

Atlas-based fuzzy connectedness segmentation and intensity nonuniformity correction applied to brain MRI

A framework that combines atlas registration, fuzzy connectedness (FC) segmentation, and parametric bias field correction (PABIC) is proposed for the automatic segmentation of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). First, the atlas is registered onto the MRI to initialize the following FC segmentation. Original techniques are proposed to estimate necessary initial parameters of FC segmentation. Further, the result of the FC segmentation is utilized to initialize a following PABIC algorithm. Finally, we re-apply the FC technique on the PABIC corrected MRI to get the final segmentation. Thus, we avoid expert human intervention and provide a fully automatic method for brain MRI segmentation. Experiments on both simulated and real MRI images demonstrate the validity of the method, as well as the limitation of the method. Being a fully automatic method, it is expected to find wide applications, such as three-dimensional visualization, radiation therapy planning, and medical database construction     

基于生成式对抗网络的遥感图像半监督语义分割

高分辨率遥感图像的语义分割问题是目前遥感图像处理领域中的研究热点之一。传统的有监督分割方法需要大量的标记数据,而标记过程又较为困难和耗时。针对这一问题,提出一种基于生成式对抗网络的半监督高分辨率遥感图像语义分割方法,只需要少量样本标签即可得到较好的分割结果。该方法为分割网络添加全卷积形式的辅助对抗网络,以助于保持高分辨率遥感图像分割结果中的标签连续性;更进一步,提出一种新颖的能够进行注意力选择的对抗损失,以解决分割结果较好时判别器约束的分割网络更新过程中存在的难易样本不均衡问题。在ISPRS Vaihingen 2D语义标记挑战数据集上的实验结果表明,与现有其它语义分割方法相比,所提出方法能够较大幅度地提高遥感图像的语义分割精度。     

Multi-Atlas-Based Segmentation With Local Decision Fusion—Application to Cardiac and Aortic Segmentation in CT Scans

A novel atlas-based segmentation approach based on the combination of multiple registrations is presented. Multiple atlases are registered to a target image. To obtain a segmentation of the target, labels of the atlas images are propagated to it. The propagated labels are combined by spatially varying decision fusion weights. These weights are derived from local assessment of the registration success. Furthermore, an atlas selection procedure is proposed that is equivalent to sequential forward selection from statistical pattern recognition theory. The proposed method is compared to three existing atlas-based segmentation approaches, namely 1) single atlas-based segmentation, 2) average-shape atlas-based segmentation, and 3) multi-atlas-based segmentation with averaging as decision fusion. These methods were tested on the segmentation of the heart and the aorta in computed tomography scans of the thorax. The results show that the proposed method outperforms other methods and yields results very close to those of an independent human observer. Moreover, the additional atlas selection step led to a faster segmentation at a comparable performance.      

基于区域与深度残差网络的图像语义分割

该文提出了一种结合区域和深度残差网络的语义分割模型。基于区域的语义分割方法使用多尺度提取相互重叠的区域,可识别多种尺度的目标并得到精细的物体分割边界。基于全卷积网络的方法使用卷积神经网络(CNN)自主学习特征,可以针对逐像素分类任务进行端到端训练,但是这种方法通常会产生粗糙的分割边界。该文将两种方法的优点结合起来:首先使用区域生成网络在图像中生成候选区域,然后将图像通过带扩张卷积的深度残差网络进行特征提取得到特征图,结合候选区域以及特征图得到区域的特征,并将其映射到区域中每个像素上;最后使用全局平均池化层进行逐像素分类。该文还使用了多模型融合的方法,在相同的网络模型中设置不同的输入进行训练得到多个模型,然后在分类层进行特征融合,得到最终的分割结果。在SIFT FLOW和PASCAL Context数据集上的实验结果表明该文方法具有较高的平均准确率。     

基于高斯混合及相对熵测度的图像分割

针对图像分割问题,结合高斯混合模型与信息论中的相对熵测度概念,提出一种新的图像阈值化方法。在提出方法中把图像阈值化问题看成是两个概率向量之间的匹配问题,因此首先用高斯混合模型去拟合图像直方图的灰度级分布,然后用相对熵测度去度量拟合分布与图像原灰度级分布之间的差异,并把该度量作为图像阈值化的准则函数。在对图像实施分割时,通过在图像灰度级范围中求取所定义的准则函数的最小值获得最佳阈值。在NDT、SAR及红外图像上的分割实验中用提出方法与传统及最新的图像阈值化方法进行比较,结果表明提出方法获得的结果要优于相比较方法获得的分割结果,因此提出方法是一种有效的图像分割方法。