高取代度阳离子淀粉的研究

本文采用半干法制取高取代度阳离子淀粉，并对高取代度阳离子淀粉的合成原理和合成条件进行研究，通过实验，分析讨论反应温度、碱的用量及反应介质条件等因素对阳离子取代度及产品性能的影响，选择并确定反应的最佳条件。     

高取代度季铵型阳离子淀粉的合成研究

本文采用半干法制取高取代度季铵型阳离子淀粉，并对高取代度季铵型阳离子淀粉的合成原理和合成条件进行研究，通过实验，分析讨论反应温度、碱的用量及反应介质条件等因素对阳离子取代度及产品性能的影响，选择并确定反应的最佳条件。     

利用玉米淀粉制备高取代度阳离子淀粉的研究

利用玉米淀粉,采用半干法制取高取代度阳离子淀粉,并对高取代度阳离子淀粉的合成原理和合成条件进行研究。通过实验,分析讨论反应温度、碱的用量及反应介质条件等因素对阳离子取代度及产品性能的影响,选择并确定反应的最佳条件。实验结果表明：当淀粉和阳离子剂N-（2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵）（简称GTA）用量分别为11：6（质量比）时,最佳反应条件为：反应时间2．5h,反应温度为90℃,介质条件为：氢氧化钠用量为控制pH值在8-11,异丙醇：水为3：7（体积比）,取代度可达0．55以上,反应效率大于94％。     

阳离子淀粉干法制备研究进展

评述了近年来季铵型阳离子淀粉干法制备研究进展。阐明了干法制备阳离子淀粉的优点并与湿法进行了比较 ,还着重讨论了碱催化剂、反应温度、反应时间和阳离子化试剂用量对取代度和反应效率的影响     

阳离子高分子驱油剂的初步研究

以玉米淀粉和2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵(ETA)为原料,氖氧化钠为催化剂,采用干法合成了高取代度阳离子淀粉(CS),并考察了其驱油性能.结果表明,当m(NaOH)/m(淀粉)=0.02,n(ETA)/n(淀粉)=0.33时,55℃下搅拌1 h,真宅干燥4 h,阳离子淀粉的取代度及反应的转化率可分别达到30%和90%....     

微波辅助下新型絮凝剂的合成及其应用研究

以市售聚合氯化铝铁（PAFC）和淀粉为基本原料,通过淀粉的阳离子化,微波复合两步反应,合成了一种环境友好的新型絮凝剂。探讨了絮凝剂用量对染料靛红的脱色性能、苯酚的CODcr,去除效果及模拟的油田废水的透光率的影响。结果表明,PAFC与阳离子淀粉复合后其絮凝效果明显优于单独使用PAFC的絮凝效果。     

绿色可降解淀粉接枝改性阳离子化絮凝剂

以淀粉和丙烯酰胺为原料,加入醚化剂OMTAM进行接枝共聚反应,得到淀粉接枝改性阳离子化絮凝剂。首先对OMTMA投加量、碱的投加量和反应温度进行了单因素实验研究,并依据单因素实验结果,利用正交实验考察OMTMA的投加量、反应温度、反应时间、及碱的用量对絮凝性能的影响规律。结果表明：当最佳碱的投加量为3mL、OMTMA的投加量为0．05md、反应温度50℃、反应时间60mins时,絮凝剂对人工合成污水的去除率最佳。利用红外光谱对接枝前后的淀粉、以及接枝阳离子化以后的淀粉进行了结构表征。通过红外图谱对比分析表明,实验成功地对淀粉进行了接枝阳离子化。     

季铵型淀粉基强阳离子高分子聚合物的制备及应用

用自制的引发剂,通过溶液聚合反应合成了淀粉、丙烯酰胺(AM)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)季铵型淀粉基强阳离子高分子聚合物,并通过红外光谱对其进行了表征。最佳反应条件为:接枝共聚反应引发剂用量为0.15%,m(淀粉)∶m(AM+DMDAAC)=3∶7,m(AM)∶m(DMDAAC)=7∶3,反应时间4 h,反应温度50℃。产物对油田污水中油和固体悬浮物的去除率优于阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)。     

阳离子淀粉絮凝剂合成及处理煤矿井废水性能研究

针对高浊度煤矿井水的特点,以玉米淀粉(St)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂,通过共聚反应合成了淀粉/丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物絮凝剂,以2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵(GTA)为阳离子醚化剂,对淀粉接枝共聚物进行阳离子化。根据正交试验确定了最佳合成工艺条件:接枝共聚反应时间为4 h,St用量为5 g,AM与St质量比为4∶1,引发剂用量为1.4 g,GTA用量为2.6 g,NaOH用量为0.24 g,醚化反应时间为2.5 h,反应温度为70℃。并将阳离子淀粉絮凝剂复配PAC与现有絮凝工艺进行了对比和性能评价,分别对投加量、复配效果以及适合的温度、pH值对絮凝性能参数进行了评价,从而得出阳离子淀粉絮凝剂优化的应用条件。     

高取代度阳离子淀粉合成工艺研究

以环氧氯丙烷和三甲胺为原料，采用水介质合成季铵型阳离子醚化剂，实验研究了反应体系的pH和反应温度对产率的影响。在正交实验的基础上，实验探．索了阳离子淀粉制备工艺中的NaOH用量、水用量及反应温度对产物取代度和反应效率的影响，并在此基础上考察了醚化剂用量与产物取代度之间的关系，研究结果表明：干法制备阳离子淀粉的最佳工艺条件为，碱粉比：0．13；水粉比：0．23；反应温度：75％；反应时间：2．5h，当醚化剂用量为50％时，产物的取代度为0．427，反应效率达80．5％。     

微波辅助一步法制备氧化阳离子淀粉的研究

以木薯淀粉为原料,3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵为阳离子醚化剂,自制碱性复合催化剂为醚化催化剂,双氧水为氧化剂,CuSO4为氧化催化剂,采用微波辅助一步法制备氧化阳离子淀粉。通过单因素实验研究醚化剂用量、碱性催化剂用量、氧化剂用量、CuSO4用量、反应温度和反应时间对粘度、取代度和反应效率的影响,并对工艺参数进行优化验证。结果表明,较佳的工艺条件为：淀粉用量200 g,醚化剂用量15 g,碱性催化剂与醚化剂摩尔比1.5,双氧水用量8 g,CuSO4用量0.09 g,反应温度90℃,反应时间18 min。在此条件下所得产品阳离子取代度（DS）为0.0414,醚化反应效率为92.87%,粘度为32.6 mPa·s（固含量12%,55℃）。本工艺制备的淀粉产品具有糊化温度低,糊液粘度低、稳定性高的特点。     

Application of a novel cationic starch in enhanced oil recovery and its adsorption properties

We report a preparation of water-soluble cationic starch and its application as an oil-displacing agent in chemical enhanced oil recovery. The singular sand-pack core-flood tests provide experimental evidence that the injection of the modified starch after the conventional water flooding can significantly enhance oil recovery and effectively reduce water-cut. To discuss the proposed oil-displacement mechanism of this cationic starch solution, its static and dynamic adsorption properties were also presented in this paper.     

黑液和碱木素在石油工业中的应用

本文综述了碱法制浆黑液以及碱木素在石油工业中的应用。黑液可以直接作为低粘度稠油的驱油剂,也可作为高粘度稠油的降粘剂。与蒸汽驱或蒸汽吞吐配合使用,可显著地提高稠油的采收率。从黑液中分离出的碱木素,可用作钻井泥浆添加剂、注水或注蒸汽采油的堵水剂和调剖剂、表面活性剂驱油的牺牲剂、污水处理的絮凝剂等。在石油工业中充分利用碱法制浆黑液和碱木素,对解决黑液污染问题,降低油田化学剂成本,具有重要意义。     

干法合成阳离子淀粉絮凝剂的初步研究

研究了干法合成阳离子淀粉絮凝剂的方法。结果表明,制备阳离子淀粉絮凝剂的最佳工艺条件为:在反应体系中水的质量分数为35％、阳离子醚化剂与NaOH混合温度低于110℃的条件下,阳离子醚化剂与淀粉物质的量比为0.35,NaOH与阳离子醚化剂物质的量比为1.4,反应温度90℃,反应时间4h。在此条件下合成的阳离子淀粉相对黏度为2.0。     

微波干法制备阳离子淀粉絮凝剂及其应用

以3—氯—2—羟丙基三甲基氯化铵为阳离子醚化剂，天然物质淀粉为原料，微波干法制得季铵型阳离子淀粉絮凝剂。通过正交试验，研究了各种因素对合成的影响，确定了最佳反应条件。结果表明：阳离子醚化剂与淀粉摩尔比0．35、NaOH与阳离子醚化剂摩尔比1．2、微波功率184W、辐射时间5min时，产物相对黏度为3．18，阳离子取代度为0．31。     

阳离子淀粉絮凝剂在印染废水处理中的应用研究

以玉米淀粉及2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵(GTA)为主要原料,在碱(氢氧化钠)催化条件下,以水-乙醇混合溶剂为分散剂,运用干法制备了高效阳离子淀粉絮凝剂。对制得的阳离子淀粉絮凝性能研究结果表明,该阳离子淀粉对印染废水具有优异的脱色效果     

Starch Derivatives of High Degree of Functionalization, 8. Synthesis and Flocculation Behavior of Cationic Starch Polyelectrolytes

Water soluble starch derivatives with a high degree of substitution (DS) up to 1 containing quaternary ammonium groups were prepared by reacting starch with 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (QUAB®188) in ethanol/sodium hydroxide/water or preferably with 2,3‐epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (QUAB®151) in aqueous‐alkaline solution. The DS values of the samples can be controlled by adjusting the molar ratio of cationization agent to anhydroglucose unit and is only slightly dependent on the amylose content of the starting starch material. The structure of the cationic starch derivatives was confirmed by means of NMR spectroscopy. Dewatering experiments with the cationic starch derivatives were conducted on a harbor sediment suspension using a laboratory pressure filtration apparatus. The cationic starches were used alone and in combination with a high‐molar‐mass synthetic polyanion. Both dependence on the DS of the sample and influence of the amylose/amylopectin ratios of the initial native starch were observed. The highest dewatering index of 63 was found for the cationic polyelectrolyte based on the amylopectin‐rich waxy maize starch in monoflocculation. In case of dual flocculation using additionally a poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylate) a dewatering index of even 85 was attained.     

The investigation of a new moderate water shutoff agent: Cationic polymer and anionic polymer

Cationic polymers and anionic polymers were selected as a moderate water shutoff agent for water production control. Due to the adsorption of polymers on the sand surface, the adsorption capacity under static condition, in porous media, and adsorption morphology on mica were investigated through starch–cadmium iodide method, core flow test, and atomic force microscopy measurement. The adsorption quantity on the sand surface increased with the high polymer concentrations and long adsorption time. With the increase of temperature and shearing time, the adsorption capacity slightly decreased. In addition, the adsorption capacity under water wettability condition was significantly larger than that under oil wettability condition. Alternate injection of cationic polymer and anionic polymer caused larger adsorption capacity in the core test. An adsorption multilayer was formed through alternate adsorption of cationic polymer and anionic polymer confirmed by atomic force microscopy. The visual simulation experiment was also conducted to illustrate adsorption and enhanced oil recovery mechanism. The polymers preferentially entered the high permeability zone and adsorbed on the sand surface, thus enhanced oil recovery. Furthermore, alternate injection of cationic and anionic polymers as a moderate water shutoff agent was successfully applied for water production control in oilfield test. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39462.