Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-Ba0.5Sr0.5Nb2O6无铅压电陶瓷的研究

采用固相法制备了(1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBa0.5Sr0.5Nb2O6(0≤x≤1.0％)(简称(1-x)NBT-xBSN)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了不同BSN含量(x=0,0.1％,0.3％,0.5％,0.7％,1.0％,摩尔分数)样品的物相组成、显微结构及电性能.结果表明:所有样品均为纯钙钛矿结构,随掺杂量x的增加,陶瓷的相对密度pr、压电常数d33和机电耦合系数kp均先增大后降低,机械品质因子Qm和退极化温度Td则逐渐下降.该体系陶瓷具有弥散相变特征,弥散指数介于1.6～1.7.当x=0.5％时,陶瓷获得最佳性能:d33=92pC/N,kp=0.164,Qm=89,εr=650,tanδ=5.47％,pr=96.5％.     

(K_(0.5)Na_(0.5))NbO_3-CaZrO_3基无铅压电陶瓷的相结构和压电性能研究

采用传统陶瓷工艺制备了(1-x)(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-xCaZrO3(简称KNN-CZ)无铅压电陶瓷。分析了陶瓷样品的相结构组成。测试结果表明:所有陶瓷样品均为钙钛矿相,未发现其它晶相。随着CaZrO3含量的增加,(1-x)KNNxCZ陶瓷的相结构由正交相转变为四方相,最后变为立方相。研究了不同CaZrO3含量对压电性能的影响,实验表明:当CaZrO3含量为0.05mol时,压电常数d33和径向机电耦合系数kp分别达到了最大值196pC/N和0.35。(1-x)KNNxCZ(x=0.05)陶瓷的压电性能展现了良好的温度稳定性和经时稳定性,这些结果表明(1-x)KNN-xCZ(x=0.05)陶瓷是一种优良的无铅压电备选材料。     

K0.5Na0.5NbO3-xBiMg0.5Ti0.5O3电介质陶瓷的结构与储能性能

利用固相法制备了K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3(KNN)–x BiMg_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)O_3电介质陶瓷,研究了BiMg_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)O_3对KNN基陶瓷储能性质的影响。结果表明,当x0.1时,BiMg_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)O_3可完全固溶进入晶格,并且随着掺杂量的增加,晶体结构逐步由正交相变成厭立方相,晶粒尺寸降低,致密度提高,因此陶瓷的储能密度和储能效率逐步增加,在x=0.1时,获得最佳储能性能:击穿场强约195 kV/cm,储能密度约1.25 J/cm~3,储能效率约85.3%。     

（1-x）Bi4Ti3O12–xK0.5Na0.5NbO3铋层状陶瓷的结构与性能

采用固相法制备（1–x）Bi4Ti3O12–xK0.5Na0.5NbO3（BIT–KNN,x=0,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.30）铋层状压电陶瓷。用X射线衍射分析及扫描电镜等测试方法研究KNN掺量与BIT–KNN陶瓷晶体结构和电性能的关系。结果表明：所有陶瓷样品均为单一的正交相结构;随着KNN掺量的增...     

(K0.5Na0.5)(TaxNb1-x)O3无铅压电陶瓷的性能特征

采用传统电子陶瓷制备工艺制备了(K0.5Na0.5)(TaxNb1-x)O3无铅压电陶瓷。研究了不同Ta含量下(K0.5Na0.5)(TaxNb1-x)O3陶瓷的晶相组成及性能特征。结果表明,(K0.5Na0.5)(TaxNb1-x)O3陶瓷在低Ta含量时形成单一斜方相固溶体,但Ta含量达到0.08mol后则有K6Ta10.8O30次晶相产生。随着Ta的加入,陶瓷的体积密度逐渐增大,居里温度(Tc)逐渐降低。当Ta含量为0.08mol时陶瓷具有良好的铁电、压电性能和介电稳定性能,其压电常数d33为76pC/N。     

BiFeO_3掺杂改性铌酸钾钠无铅压电陶瓷

采用传统固相法制备了(1–x)(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-xBiFeO3[(1–x)KNN-xBF]无铅压电陶瓷,研究了不同BF含量(x=0,0.175%,0.5%,1%,2%,3%,摩尔分数)样品的物相组成、显微结构及电性能。结果表明:当x≤3%时,得到了纯钙钛矿结构的(1–x)KNN-xBF陶瓷。与纯KNN相比,在0x≤1%时,(1–x)KNN-xBF样品的密度(ρ)、压电常数(d33)、平面机电耦合系数(kp)和机械品质因子(Qm)都显著增大;当1%x≤3%时,ρ,d33,kp和Qm又迅速降低;在x=1%时达到最大值。x=1%时,(1-x)KNN–xBF材料的综合性能最好,其中ρ=4.42g/cm3,d33=172pC/N,kp=0.45,介电损耗tanδ=0.021,相对介电常数εr=759和Qm=138;同时表现出较好的抗老化性能。     

(1-x)Li0.05(K0.5Na0.5)0.95NbO3-x(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3无铅压电陶瓷的结构与电性能研究

采用固相反应法制备了(1-x)Li0.05(K0.5Na0.5)0.95NbO3-x(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3(LKNN-BNT)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了BNT的添加量x(0,0.005,0.01,0.02)对LKNN-BNT陶瓷的结构与电性能影响。X射线衍射(XRD)分析结果表明当x≤0.005时,陶瓷为正交钙钛矿结构,而当x≥0.01时,陶瓷则转变为四方钙钛矿结构,说明该陶瓷的多型相转变(PPT)区域为0.005相似文献   

Bi_(0.5)K_(0.5)TiO_3掺杂对0.945K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3-0.045LiSbO_3无铅压电陶瓷结构性能的影响

采用传统固相合成法合成(1-x)(0.945K0.5Na0.5NbO3-0.045LiSbO3)-x(Bi0.5K0.5TiO3)(简记为(KNN-LS)(1-x)-BKTx))无铅压电陶瓷,研究不同BKT掺入量(x=0.000,0.005,0.010,0.015,0.020,0.025,0.030)对该体系陶瓷的微观结构和压电介电性能。结果表明:x≤0.025时,均可形成单一钙钛矿结构;与KNN-LS相比,体积密度(ρ)、机械耦合系数kp、kt显著提高;d33、介电损耗tanδ、机械品质因数Qm和次级相变温度降低;当x=0.020时,样品的整体性能达到最佳值:ρ=4.239g/cm3,d33=94pC/N,kp=30.9%,kt=20.7%,tanδ=0.024,相对介电常数εT33/ε0=2468,Qm=53.95,次级相变温度降至室温以下,温度稳定性好。     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3系无铅压电陶瓷的弛豫相变特征和铁电性能

研究了(1-x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3系无铅压电陶瓷的弛豫相变特性和铁电性能。X射线衍射分析表明：当0．06≤x≤0．10时。该体系陶瓷具有三方、四方相共存的晶体结构。通过测试材料的介电温谱分析发现：当x≥0．10时,该体系陶瓷在200℃以上具有弛豫铁电体的特征。通过测试样品在不同温度的电滞回线。认为该体系材料在一定组成范围内随温度的升高存在反铁电中间相。通过研究样品的铁电性能发现：当x=0．10时,材料的矫顽场达到极小值。     

Bi(Zr0.5Zn0.5)O3-PbTiO3高温压电陶瓷的结构与相变温度研究

采用传统固相反应法制备了(1-x)Bi(Zn0.5 Zr0.5) O3-xPbTiO3(BZZPTx)陶瓷,并利用XRD、SEM,介温等方法分析表征样品.XRD测试结果显示,当x＞O.67时,可获得单一四方相钙钛矿结构的BZZPTx陶瓷,通过XRD精修数据计算出BZZPTx体系陶瓷具有较大的四方畸变度(c/a＞1.1);介温测试表明BZZPTx体系的居里温度均超过500℃,最高的居里温度组分为BZZPPT0.67,Tc～668℃;实验表明该压电陶瓷体系的弱压电活性跟较大的四方畸变有关系.     

Piezoelectric K0.5Na0.5NbO3 Ceramics Textured Using Needlelike K0.5Na0.5NbO3 Templates

Improved performance by texturing has become attractive in the field of lead‐free ferroelectrics, but the effect depends heavily on the degree of texture, type of preferred orientation, and whether the material is a rotator or extender ferroelectric. Here, we report on successful texturing of K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ (KNN) ceramics by alignment of needlelike KNN templates in a matrix of KNN powder using tape casting. Homotemplated grain growth of the needles was confirmed during sintering, resulting in a high degree of texture parallel to the tape casting direction (TCD) and the aligned needles. The texture significantly improved the piezoelectric response parallel to the tape cast direction, corresponding to the direction of the strongest <001>_pc orientation, while the response normal to the tape cast plane was lower than for a nontextured KNN. In situ X‐ray diffraction during electric field application revealed that non‐180° domain reorientation was enhanced by an order of magnitude in the TCD, compared to the direction normal to the tape cast plane and in the nontextured ceramic. The effect of texture in KNN is discussed with respect to possible rotator ferroelectric properties of KNN.     

Thermally-stable large strain in Bi(Mn0.5Ti0.5)O3 modified 0.8Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.2Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 ceramics

(1-x)[0.8Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-0.2Bi_0.5K_0.5TiO₃]-xBi(Mn_0.5Ti_0.5)O₃ (x = 0–0.06, BNKMT100x) lead-free ferroelectric ceramics were prepared via solid state reaction method. Bi(Mn_0.5Ti_0.5)O₃ induces a structure transition from rhombohedral-tetragonal morphotropic phases to pseudo-cubic phase. Moreover, the wide range of compositions within x = 0.03–0.055 exhibit large strain of 0.31%–0.41% and electrostrictive coefficient of 0.027–0.041 m⁴/C². Especially, at x = 0.04, the large strain and electrostrictive coefficient are nearly temperature-independent in the range of 25–100 °C. The impedance analysis shows the large strain and electrostrictive coefficient originate from polar nanoregions response due to the addition of Bi(Mn_0.5Ti_0.5)O₃.     

Dielectric properties of some low-lead or lead-free perovskite-derived materials: Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–PbZrO3, Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–BiScO3 and Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–BiFeO3 ceramics

Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ (NBT) and its modifications are known to be new lead-free ferroelectric materials and are promising for environment friendly devices. The systems under investigation were (i) NBT (trigonal/ferroelectric)–PbZrO₃ (orthorhombic/antiferroelectric); (ii) NBT (trigonal/ferroelectric)–BiScO₃ (trigonal/paraelectric); and (iii) NBT (trigonal/ferroelectric)–BiFeO₃ (trigonal/antiferromagnetic).The lattice parameters change as expected from the respective ionic radii values. For NBT–PZ, the dielectric permittivity shows a large frequency and temperature dispersion suggesting a relaxor-like behaviour dependent on the thermal annealing of the samples. For NBT–BS, the Curie temperature increases with BS content as well as the diffuseness of the phase transition, connected with the introduced disorder. For NBT–BF, the overall behaviour of the permittivity of NBT is maintained up to 50% BF but anomalies of the permittivity appeared close to 600 °C, which might be connected with the onset of magnetic influence for high BF content.     

Electrical properties and relaxor phase evolution of Nb-Modified Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-Bi0.5K0.5TiO3-SrTiO3 lead-free ceramics

In this work, the crystalline phase, domain structure, and electrical properties of [Bi_0.5(Na_0.84K_0.16)_0.5]_0.96Sr_0.04Ti_1-xNb_xO₃ (x = 0.010–0.030) ceramics are investigated. Increasing the Nb content induces the phase transition from coexistent rhombohedral and tetragonal phases to a single pseudo-cubic phase, and the lamellar ferroelectric domains evolve into polar nanoregions. Decreased ferroelectric-to-relaxor transition temperature and enhanced frequency dispersion are found in the temperature-dependent dielectric constant and loss, implying a transition from the non-ergodic to ergodic relaxor state. The Nb substitution significantly degrades the long-range ferroelectric order with sharply decreased piezoelectric coefficients from ? 140 to ? 1 pC/N. However, a large strain of 0.32% at 5 kV/mm (normalized strain of 640 pm/V) is obtained around the critical composition of x = 0.0225. The composition of x = 0.030 shows good temperature insensitivity of the strain response, characterized by 308 pm/V with less than 15% reduction from 25 °C to 125 °C.     

Enhanced pyroelectric response from domain-engineered lead-free (K0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3)-Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 ferroelectric ceramics

Enhanced pyroelectric response is achieved via domain engineering from [001] grain-oriented, tetragonal-phase, lead-free 0.2(2/3K_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃-1/3BaTiO₃)-0.8Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ (KBT-BT-NBT) ceramics prepared by a templated grain growth method. The [001] crystallographic orientation leads to large polarization in tetragonal symmetry; therefore, texturing along this direction is employed to enhance the pyroelectricity. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a Lotgering factor (degree of texturing) of 93 % along the [001] crystallographic direction. The textured KBT-BT-NBT lead-free ceramics showed comparable pyroelectric figures of merit to those of lead-based ferroelectric materials at room temperature (RT). In addition to the enhanced pyroelectric response at RT, an enormous enhancement in the pyroelectric response (from 1750 to 90,900 μC m^?2 K^?1) was achieved at the depolarization temperature because of the sharp ferroelectric to antiferroelectric phase transition owing to coherent 180° domain switching. These results will motivate the development of a wide range of lead-free pyroelectric devices, such as thermal sensors and infra-red detectors.     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-K0.5Bi0.5TiO3系无铅压电陶瓷的极化工艺研究

主要研究了极化电场,极化时间和极化温度等工艺参数对Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-K0.5Bi0.5TiO3系无铅压电陶瓷介电和压电性能的影响。结果表明:极化电场和极化温度对压电陶瓷的介电、压电性能影响较大,而极化时间则影响较小。适宜的极化电场是3～3.5kV/mm,极化温度70～80℃,极化时间为10～15min。     

CeO2掺杂钛酸铋钠钾陶瓷的制备工艺与介电性能

为了进一步探索合成工艺对钛酸铋钠系无铅材料的结构及介电特性的影响,本文以甘氨酸为燃料,利用固相-燃烧法制备了CeO2掺杂的Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 (BNKT)陶瓷.XRD表明,在固相合成工艺中引入燃烧法制备BNKT陶瓷,比传统固相法降低预烧温度150 ℃,掺杂的CeO2扩散进入了BNKT钙钛矿的晶格,且当掺杂量为0%~0.3%时,形成纯的钙钛矿相结构;SEM表明,CeO2掺杂使晶粒尺寸趋于平均,对晶粒生长有抑制作用;介电温谱表明,随着CeO2掺杂量增加,介电常数εr和退极化温度Td、相转变温度Tm降低,介电反常峰逐渐弱化,且室温至300 ℃,介电损耗tanδ始终在0.3%以下,并从微结构缺陷空位形成机制角度,结合铁电畴壁运动状态,分析讨论了对材料介电特性的作用规律.     

Characterization of multiferroic PbFe0.5Nb0.5O3 and PbFe0.5Ta0.5O3 ceramics derived from citrate polymeric precursors

Ceramics of the perovskite multiferroics PbFe_0.5Nb_0.5O₃ (PFN) and PbFe_0.5Ta_0.5O₃ (PFT) were synthesized from new citrate polymeric precursors. X-ray tests pointed to trace amounts of the pyrochlore phase. SEM studies revealed the heterogeneous grain size distribution for PFN and the homogeneous one for PFT. Dielectric studies pointed to one diffuse T-C phase transition at 378 K for PFN and two diffuse M-T and T-C phase transitions, at 200 and 235 K, for PFT, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of PFN reveal that all ions exist in one valence state, however, with two chemical shifts for Pb²⁺. Two valence states for the majority of ions of PFT seem to be connected with a higher volume fraction of the amorphous grain-boundary phase. The electronic energy band gap for both compounds is approximately 2.8 eV. Two magnetic transitions, ie, from the paramagnetic to the antiferromagnetic phase and then to the spin-glass phase, were observed at 156 and 10 K for PFN, and at 145 and 15 K for PFT, respectively.     

Raman spectroscopy of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3

We have measured the Raman spectra of bismuth sodium titanate in its rhombohedral, tetragonal, and cubic phases, with special attention paid to the phase transitions at 584K and 837K (heating). Both transitions appear to be order-disorder and strongly first order, with large thermal hysteresis. The phonon spectra at temperature slightly below the tetragonal phase are remarkably similar to BaTiO₃ with A₁(To) modes at 130, 269, and 541 cm^-1 (compared with 170, 270, 520 cm^-1 in BaTiO₃) and an E(TO) at 52 cm^-1.     

Actuation mechanisms in mixed-phase K0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BiFeO3-PbTiO3 ceramics

We report an in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of K_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃-BiFeO₃-PbTiO₃ ceramics, which exhibit a T_c of around 450 °C. The electromechanical actuation mechanisms comprise contributions from coexisting tetragonal and rhombohedral phases. The tetragonal {200} grain family exhibited the highest effective lattice strain, up to 8.2 × 10⁻³ at 5 kV/mm. Strong strain anisotropy in the tetragonal phase and field-induced intergranular stresses facilitate a partial transformation from tetragonal (high strain anisotropy) to rhombohedral (low strain anisotropy) at high electric field levels, with an average linear transformation strain of -1.54 × 10^-3. The domain switching behavior was effectively enhanced in both tetragonal and rhombohedral phases after the phase transformation, due to the release of intergranular stress. This observed self-adapting mechanism in tuning intergranular stress through partial phase switching in the morphotropic KBT-BF-PT composition with large lattice distortion could also be exploited in other perovskite systems in order to achieve high performance high temperature piezoelectric ceramics.