进一步加快黑龙江省乳品行业发展的建议

本文依据黑龙江省乳品行业发展的总体形势，通过深入分析制约黑龙江省乳业发展的几个主要问题，结合我省几家有影响力的乳品企业的实际情况．提出了加快黑龙江省乳业发展的建议：包括进一步加强奶源基地建设、加速培育乳业“航母”、切实加大对龙头企业的扶持力度、规范乳品市场秩序、加强品牌整合力度。     

黑龙江省开发有机食品的优势及对策

黑龙江省是我国的一个农业大省,地域辽阔,土地肥沃,各种资源丰富,是我国农产品出口的主要省份。为更好地落实省委、省政府“打绿色牌,走特色路”的经济发展战略,推进绿色食品产业战略升级,应充分发挥我省的环境、资源优势,适时适度地发展有机食品。 一、黑龙江省开发有机食品的优势 发展有机食品是实现常规农业向生态农业、有机农业转换,促进农业的可持续发展的有效途径之一。 （一）生态环境优势 黑龙江省四季分明、雨量适中,平原、丘陵、山地、河流均匀分布,冬夏温差较大,对农作物的病虫害具有天然的预防和免疫能力。     

广西的乳业发展与安全

广西乳业经过多年的发展,已形成一定的规模,包括黑白花乳和水牛乳两种乳品产业链,但与发达地区乳业相比,还较薄弱,存在一些问题,乳业的安全有待进一步加强。发展广西乳制品行业,有利于带动农业和畜牧业,提高人民的生活水平,因此需加强对乳品质量安全的管理,保证产品的质量,促进广西乳业的持续健康发展。     

乳业——生命延续的产业

“牛奶是人类最完美的食物”，“牛奶是大自然为人类酿造的琼浆玉露”。牛奶，作为一种营养、保健食品，很早就被我们的先民所了解。1300年前《史．魏志．王琚传》中说：“琚以年老拜散骑常侍，养老于家，常饮牛奶面如处子。”可见牛奶的功效。     

广东省造纸工业发展的思路与建议

广东是我国的经济强省，也是我国造纸工业发达的省份之一。本文介绍广东省造纸工业的基本情况，分析广东省发展造纸工业的优势与存在的问题，提出广东造纸工业发展的若干思路与建议。     

提高乳品消费量 促进乳业发展

虽然在产业政策上国家已把乳业发展确定为重点支持的产业，肉、蛋、禽人均产量已超过或接近世界平均水平，但牛奶的人均占有量（1996年）却只有6．6公斤，仅是世界平均水平的5．2％。故在畜牧业进一步发展的同时，应积极调整产业结构、采取综合措施和扩大宣传，促进乳品消费，推动乳业发展。一、我国居民乳及乳制品的消费现状乳品消费量由收入、价格、消费习惯等因素决定。自1991年以来，我国城镇居民收入的增加并未使肉蛋类畜产品的消费量增加，而牛奶的消费量却在增加。今后，随着人均收入的进一步增加，乳品的消费还将增加，其增幅大小，…     

做大做强黑龙江省大豆产业

按照农业部的统一部署,农业部于2003年2月27日～3月5日,组织赴黑龙江省大豆工作组,深入到黑龙江省海伦市向荣乡,讷河市老莱镇,垦区北安,九三分局下属赵光、七星泡、大西江农场,走访了基层的种植农户和流通大户,实地了解了垦区九三油脂集团以及讷河大兴油脂厂的生产经营情况,并与黑龙江省农委、农垦总局、省农科院、农垦总局种业集团的领导及专家     

我国纺织机械业优势与发展建议

在调研我国纺机业发展现状、行业比较优势和竞争优势的基础上,对提高行业竞争力的因素进行了科学分析,从而提出发挥比较优势、提高竞争优势的对策建议.     

关于我国乳业发展的思考

本文在对我国乳业发展现状分析的基础上,提出了我国乳业发展的巨大潜力,指出只有发展乳业才能强壮中华民族身体素质,才能解决"三农"问题,增加农民收入.通过对不同动物的生产效率和饲料转化率的比较,提出只有大力发展奶牛羊业,才能改善我国人民的动物食品消费结构.只有通过加大政策支持和落实力度、重点扶持龙头企业、切实抓好动物疫病防治工作、认真开展技术服务、发展规模养殖建设养殖小区、加大资金扶持力度、建立中介服务组织、树立"立草为业"的观念等八大措施的实施,才能促进我国乳业大发展.     

浅谈黑龙江省乳产品的比较优势

采用“国内资源成本系数法（DRC）”、“显示”比较优势法（RCA）、“实际保护率（EPR）法”和“社会净收益法（NSP）”4种分析方法，对黑龙江省乳产品生产的比较优势进行分析，从而以新的数量方法体现其优势。     

超高温乳制品质量控制建议

主要从质量保证的角度,着重阐述了适合乳制品工厂实际需求的人力资源管理和质量管理体系建设的具体内容.并结合乳制品生产管理的实际经验,重点说明两大体系建立和实施的要点,以供超高温乳制品生产者参考和借鉴.     

促进黑龙江省乳业可持续发展的对策

介绍了促进黑龙江省乳业可持续发展的对策,鉴于乳业的重要地位和黑龙江省乳业发展现实状况,要实现黑龙江省由资源大省向资源强省转化,促进黑龙江省乳业可持续发展.首先应坚持科学发展,加强对乳业发展的宏观指导,完善促进乳业发展的政策体系,引导建立和完善中介服务体系,实现金融业和乳业的融合,引导奶农、奶源基地、乳品企业之间进一步完善契约机制,处理好相关利益主体的利益关系;其次通过建立现代企业制度,实施乳业科技发展战略,加快乳业技术进步,加快乳业创新,促进乳业协调可持续发展;同时还要加强乳业协会建设.协助有关行政部门规范乳业行为.     

A mating advice system in dairy cattle incorporating genomic information

This study investigated the effects of alternative mating programs that incorporate genomic information on expected progeny herd performance and inbreeding, as well as methods to include un-genotyped animals in such mating programs. A total of 54,535 Holstein-Friesian cattle with imputed high-density genotypes (547,650 SNP after edits) were available. First, to quantify the accuracy of imputing un-genotyped animals (often an issue in populations), a sub-population of 729 genotyped animals had their genotypes masked, and their allele dosages were imputed, using linear regression exploiting information on genotyped relatives. The reference population for imputation included all genotyped animals, excluding the 729 selected animals and their sires, dams, and grandsires, and had either (1) their sires' genotypes, (2) their dams' genotypes (3) both their sires' and their dams' genotypes, or (4) both their sires' and maternal grandsires' genotypes introduced into the reference population. The correlations between true genotypes and the imputed allele dosages ranged from 0.58 (sire only) to 0.68 (both sire and dam). A herd of 100 cows was then simulated (1,000 replicates) from the sub-population of 729 imputed animals. The top 10 bulls from the genotyped population, based on their total genetic merit index (TMI) were selected to be used as sires. Three mating allotment methods were investigated: (1) random mating, (2) sequential mating based on maximizing only the expected TMI of the progeny, and (3) linear programming to maximize a generated index constructed to maximize genetic merit and minimize expected progeny inbreeding as well as intra- and inter-progeny variability in genetic merit. Relationships among candidate parents were calculated using either the pedigree relationship matrix or the genomic relationship matrix; the latter was constructed using either the true genotypes of both parents or the true genotypes of the sire plus the imputed allele dosages of the dam. Using the genomic co-ancestry estimates resulted in lower average herd expected genomic inbreeding levels compared with using the pedigree-based co-ancestry estimates. Additionally, if the dams were not genotyped, using their imputed allele dosages also resulted in lower average herd expected inbreeding levels compared with using the pedigree co-ancestry estimates. The inter-progeny coefficient of variation for selected traits, milk and fertility, estimated breeding values were reduced by 12 to 65% using the linear programing method compared with sequential mating.     

中国油茶生产区域比较优势分析与影响因素研究

为促进油茶产业高质量发展,丰富我国食用植物油供给体系,根据2010—2020年的数据,采用综合比较优势法分析我国16个油茶生产区域的比较优势,对其影响因素进行研究,并提出相应的提质增产的建议。结果表明：2010—2020年,中国油茶生产规模呈现出东西部增长,中部下降的特征;中国16个油茶生产区域生产规模优势总体波动较小,效率优势呈先降后升趋势,效益优势、综合比较优势总体呈下跌状态。根据油茶生产区域的规模、效率、效益优势情况,将16个油茶生产区域划分为“三高省区”“规模优势省区”“效率优势省区”等7种类型,其中湖南、江西、浙江属于“三高省区”,广东、广西、福建属于“规模优势和效率优势双高省区”,云南属于“规模优势省区”,湖北、海南、江苏属于“效率优势和效益优势双高省区”,贵州、陕西属于“效率优势省区”,安徽属于“效益优势省区”,四川、重庆、河南属于“三低省区”。各省区油茶生产受自然资源禀赋、科技水平、市场、政策等因素影响,建议通过优化种植区域布局、完善油茶市场体制、加速新品种研发、提高机械化程度等措施进一步缩小油茶生产区域间的优势差异。     

黑龙江乳业集团信息化工程实施思路

信息化工程建设是一项复杂的长期工程，因实施思路不正确而导致建设质量差是工程常见的问题。研究了863计划中黑龙江乳业集团LD-CIMS应用示范工程和制造业信息化两项工程的实施情况，阐述几点具有特色的实施思路，这对制造企业进行信息化建设是有借鉴的。     

制造竹质体育运动地板的可行性分析

简述了体育运动地板的定义及市场需求,指出了木质体育运动地板的发展现状及其存在的问题.论述了竹材制造体育运动地板的优势及存在的问题,提出了建议,并展望了竹质体育运动地板的开发前景.     

黑龙江大豆生产情况及建议

黑龙江作为全国最大的大豆产区,大豆种植面积连年大幅下降。主要原因是近年来玉米价格快速上涨,大豆价格徘徊不前,加上大豆单产水平提高缓慢,导致大豆种植效益远低于玉米。同时,今年年初以来,该省大豆加工企业普遍亏损,停产数量增多,生存艰难。我国是全球最大的大豆消费国和进口国,而国产大豆种植面积正面临着逐年减少的困境,建议从加大大豆生产支持力度等多个方面扶持我国大豆产业发展。     

Potential effects of accumulating environmental policies on Dutch dairy farms

Consequences for farm management, environment, and economics of environmental policies for Dutch dairy farms were examined through modeling with two policies applied successively to typical dairy farms. Both policies aim to decrease nutrient losses in the soil. The first policy, the Mineral Accounting System (MINAS), is a farm gate balance approach that was introduced in 1998. Acceptable surpluses and levies are gradually tightened in this system until final standards are used in 2003. The second policy was developed to comply with the European Union Nitrate Directive and is called the Manure Transfer Agreement System (MTAS). This system links production and use of animal manure. Farms that produce more manure than the amount that can be applied on their own land according to standards are obliged to have a contract with a farmer who is willing to apply the surplus of manure on his farm. This system will be first applied in 2002 and final standards will be used in 2003. Results of the MINAS policy show fine-tuning of protein feeding especially by replacing grass in summer rations by maize silage and low protein concentrate. Another general result of MINAS is decreased use of N-fertilizer on grassland. As a consequence, division of the area between maize silage and grassland is adjusted. Income drop ranges from 1400 euros to 4800 (5 to 18%). Mineral Accounting System N surpluses drop by 45 to 113 kg/ha (23 to 37%). Adding MTAS is an incentive for more grassland as grassland has a higher manure application standard. Particularly for intensive farms, MTAS leads to high extra costs (2600 euros). However, expected environmental improvement is negligible. Therefore, from an environmental point of view there is no logic in adding the MTAS.     

近代仪器分析在乳品工业中的应用

介绍了原子荧光光谱法、红外光谱法、核磁共振波谱法、旋光法、质谱法、气相色谱法、极谱法、高效液相色谱法、热分析法等近代仪器分析手段，及其在乳品工业中的应用。