多杂原子化合物的设计与合成

通过Vilsmeier反应合成了4-[N-甲基-N-苯基]氨基苯甲醛中间体,该中间体与芳香胺类化合物反应,设计合成了3个新的多杂原子稠环化合物,并通过核磁氢谱、红外光谱、元素分析对它们进行了结构表征。     

杂环化合物及多环芳烃厌氧酸化降解性能的研究

采用厌氧酸化处理试验，分别在单基质及共基条件下较为系统地研究了杂环化合物多环芳烃的厌氧酸化降解性能。研究结果表明：多数受试物在与葡萄糖共基质条件下具有较好的厌氧降解性能；其中多环芳烃较易实现厌氧酸化反应，而单环杂环化合物则表现出抗厌氧转化的倾向，苯环的加入可缓解它们的抗性；共代谢作用在其厌氧酸化降解过程中起着重要的作用。     

1,2-稠杂环吲哚类化合物的合成及生物活性研究概述

1,2-稠杂环吲哚中含有四氢[1,4]二氮杂[1,2-a]吲哚核心骨架的化合物具有多种活性,可以被用作一些激酶的抑制剂,抗病毒、抗炎以及抗肿瘤药物等,对于1,2-稠杂环吲哚骨架的合成已报道了多种方法,本文按时间顺序对其合成方法和生物活性进行了概述。     

杂环双酰胺类衍生物的研究进展

本文综述了邻二甲酰胺类化合物和邻甲酰氨基苯甲酰胺类化合物就其苯环变换为芳杂环的化合物及其活性,并且展望了双酰胺类化合物的研究趋势。     

1,2-双(N-癸基咪唑鎓)乙烷溴盐的合成研究

以N-癸基咪唑和1,2-二溴乙烷为原料,经季铵化反应合成1,2-双(N-癸基咪唑鎓)乙烷溴盐。通过正交试验,确定1,2-双(N-癸基咪唑鎓)乙烷溴盐较佳合成工艺条件为:反应温度(45±2)℃,原料摩尔比为2.4∶1(N-癸基咪唑∶1,2-二溴乙烷),反应时间10h。利用IR和1H-NMR对产物进行结构表征。     

材料的反应合成与加工

<正> 材料的合成与加工是制备新材料的关键,也是发现固体中新的化学、物理现象的主要源泉。准确地说,材料的合成(Synthesis)是指通过物理和化学的方法组合原子和分子以形成材料。材料的加工(Processing)是指通过控制材料的原子和分子以形成块状料、部件和结构件等。这里,Processing包括了很广泛的内容,例如:金属的精炼、钢板的轧制、陶瓷粉料的成型和烧结、高强聚合物纤维的造丝等等。可见,Processing一词的内容实际上包含了制备和加工两方面。     

四苯基卟啉的合成与表征

采用Adler法以吡咯为原料,在丙酸和硝基苯的催化下与苯甲醛缩合成功合成了四苯基卟啉,并对合成工艺进行了优化,研究了反应时间、反应物用量比对四苯基卟啉收率的影响,结果表明反应时间4小时、反应物苯甲醛与吡咯用量比为1.1:1时,四苯基卟啉的产率较高为38%,以红外光谱、氢核磁共振谱、荧光分光光度计、紫外分光光度仪对产物进行了表征。     

石墨插层化合物的合成及在塑料阻燃中的应用

石墨插层化合物是一种重要的化合物,广泛应用于各种科学和生活领域.作为阻燃剂,它是一种高效无毒阻燃剂,通过中断反应、中断热传导等起到阻燃作用.本文用氧指数和热分析方法对石墨插层化合物阻燃塑料的阻燃性能进行了表征.     

聚羧酸盐高效减水剂的合成与表征

通过自由基溶液共聚合反应、接枝反应和磺化反应,制备了一类主链带羧基、磺酸基,支链带聚氧乙烯基醚基的聚羧酸盐高效减水剂。讨论了主链分子量、侧链长度、磺化度等因素对聚羧酸盐减水剂性能的影响,用红外光谱和凝胶渗透色谱表征了其结构,并考察了产品对水泥净浆流动度和混凝土减水率的影响。结果表明,本研究制备的减水剂对水泥粒子有较好的分散作用,混凝土减水率可达30%以上。     

四氨基苯基卟啉（TAPP）的合成及影响因素研究

介绍了卟啉化合物的应用及其结构特点，研究了四氨基苯基卟啉（TAPP）的合成方法，讨论了影响卟啉合成的各种因素，促进了卟啉化合物在更广泛的范围内使用。     

Chemical oxygen demand of some nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds

Chemical oxygen demands of fourteen nitrogenous compounds were determined by the dichromate method. Only pyridine and its derivatives were resistant to oxidation. Heterocyclic compounds containing one atom of nitrogen in a molecule, e.g. quinoline, pyrrole, proline, and indole were 90–100 per cent oxidized. Nitrogen is split off these compounds as NH₃. Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more atoms of nitrogen in a molecule are also easily oxidized. However, only a part of the nitrogen is split off as NH₃. On the basis of the results obtained it is possible to make the following generalization: nitrogen in amino groups is split off mostly as NH₃; quinoline, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, and indole nitrogen is split off as NH₃; from imidazole and pyrimidine rings, one atom of nitrogen is split off as NH₃ and one as N₂; from the purine configuration, two atoms of nitrogen are split off as NH₃ and two atoms as N₂; from isoalloxazine, three atoms of nitrogen are split off as NH₃ and one as N₂.     

Comparative chronic toxicity of homo- and heterocyclic aromatic compounds to benthic and terrestrial invertebrates: Generalizations and exceptions

The aim of the present study was to elucidate consistent patterns in chronic polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) toxicity to soil and sediment inhabiting invertebrates. Therefore we examined our experimental dataset, consisting of twenty-one chronic effect concentrations for two soil invertebrates (Folsomia candida and Enchytraeus cripticus) and two sediment invertebrates (Lumbriculus variegatus and Chironomus riparius) exposed to six PACs (two homocyclic isomers, anthracene and phenanthrene; two azaarene isomers: acridine and phenanthridine; and two azaarene transformation products, acridone and phenanthridone). In order to determine if effect concentrations were accurately predicted by existing toxicity-K_ow relationships describing narcosis, chronic pore water effect concentrations were plotted jointly against logK_ow. Fifteen of the twenty-one effect concentrations (71%) were above the lower limit for narcosis, showing that narcosis was the main mode of action for the majority of the tested homo- and heterocyclic PACs during chronic exposure. Toxicity of all tested compounds to soil organisms was accurately described by the toxicity-K_ow relationship. However, for the sediment invertebrates exposed to some of the tested heterocyclic PACs deviations from narcosis were identified, related to specific physicochemical properties of the test compounds and/or species specific sensitivities. It is concluded that existing toxicity-K_ow relationships describing narcosis in some cases underestimate chronic PAC toxicity to sediment inhabiting invertebrates.     

Microbial degradation of quinoline by immobilized cells of Burkholderia pickettii

A quinoline-biodegrading microorganism was isolated from activated sludge of coke-oven wastewater treatment plant using quinoline as sole carbon and nitrogen source. It is a gram negative, rod-shaped and aerobic strain, which was identified as Burkholderia pickettii. The biodegradation of quinoline was carried out with this isolated strain. Analysis by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrum (GC/MS) revealed that 2-hydroxyquinoline (2-OH-Q) was the first intermediate in the course of quinoline biodegradation. A novel immobilization carrier, that is, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-gauze hybrid carrier, was developed. The isolated strain was immobilized by two different immobilizing techniques and used for the quinolinerdegradation. It was found that biodegradation rate of quinoline by the microorganisms immobilized on PVA-gauze hybrid carrier was faster than that by the microorganisms immobilized in PVA gel beads. Kinetics of quinoline biodegradation by cells of Burkholderia pickettii immobilized on PVA-gauze hybrid carrier was investigated. The results demonstrate that quinoline degradation could be described by zero-order reaction rate equation when the initial quinoline concentration was in the range of 50-500 mg l(-1).     

杂环类食用香料的合成及防火措施

随着人们对化妆品的需求日趋普遍,相应的对香料工业特别是调和香料的生产提出了新的要求。介绍了生产杂环类合成香料的工艺流程,分析了各生产环节的火灾危险性,并给出相应的安全防火措施。     

低临界转换频率的双频驱动液晶分子的设计、制备及性能

目前市售的双频驱动液晶材料存在临界转换频率高、驱动电压高、种类少等问题,限制了其在显示和光学器件上的应用。基于材料物理性能和分子结构的关系,通过改变分子末端基团种类、刚性环个数、侧链氟原子的取代位置和个数,设计并制备出9种双频驱动液晶分子。采用傅里叶红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表征分子结构,通过差示扫描量热仪结合偏光显微镜表征相态及相变温度,最后采用阻抗分析仪测定化合物的介电常数、计算临界转换频率。实验结果表明,单一化合物的临界转换频率可降低至20.1kHz。另外,通过密度泛函理论对分子结构进行了模拟计算,发现理论计算结果与实验结果一致。     

烯烃和2-溴-1,3-二羰基化合物光氧化还原法合成多取代二氢呋喃

多取代二氢呋喃和呋喃的合成成为近几十年来的研究热点,但是这些合成方法通常需要当量的氧化剂或者苛刻的反应条件(较高的反应温度等)。所以,一种更加有效、绿色的合成二氢呋喃的方法仍旧需要去探究。本文报道了1种温和的、操作性强、环境友好的合成二氢呋喃的方法。这种方法采用可见光促进的光氧化还原中性的方式来完成,对多种溴化物和烯烃都能以很高的收率得到产物,而且避免了当量氧化剂的使用。     

Rejection of pharmaceutically active compounds and endocrine disrupting compounds by clean and fouled nanofiltration membranes

Rejections of 9 pharmaceuticals and 5 endocrine disruptors by clean and fouled nanofiltration membranes were investigated in this study. Waters containing a cocktail of compounds were filtered by clean and pre-fouled membranes. The rejection of hydrophilic neutral compounds by the clean NF-200 membrane varied from 35 to 70% under steady state conditions while that of NF-90 membrane was in the range of 62-96%. The clean NF-90 membrane rejected nearly all of the hydrophobic neutral compounds (95-98%) predominantly due to size exclusion. Nevertheless, electrostatic repulsion was the main mechanism of rejection of ionic compounds by both membranes (71-94% by NF-200 and 99% by NF-90). Fouling with sodium alginate deteriorated the performance of the NF-200 membrane in rejecting hydrophilic neutral compounds as well as hydrophilic and hydrophobic ionic compounds. In contrast, rejections of hydrophobic neutral compounds by the fouled NF-200 membrane increased by 5-38%. This may be attributed to the incipient interaction of the solutes with the membrane foulant layer resulting in less partitioning and diffusion across the membrane surface. On the other hand, rejections of hydrophobic compounds by NF-90 were not observed to be affected by fouling; however, hydrophilic neutral compounds showed increased rejections by 7-30%.     

Sonochemical degradation of chlorinated organic compounds, phenolic compounds and organic dyes - A review

Sonochemical processes have been widely used in chemistry and chemical engineering field. Recently, these processes have found new applications in the environmental field, because of advantages in terms of operational simplicity, secondary pollutant formation and safety. Several studies have reported on sonochemical degradation of organic compounds that are toxic in nature. The objective of this review was to identify and examine some of the studies on sonochmical degradation of chlorinated organic compounds, phenolic compounds and organic dyes. This review also examines the basic theory of sonochemical reactions and the use of sonochemical reactors for environmental applications.