Sc对Al-Mg-Mn-Cr-Ti晶间腐蚀性能的影响

对不同稀土钪添加量的Al-Mg-Mn-Cr-Ti合金晶间腐蚀性能进行了测试,并采用OM,SEM和EDS对其组织进行了观察.结果表明,微量添加到Al-Mg-Mn-Cr-Ti合金中的Sc元素,可降低合金发生晶间腐蚀的倾向性.钪影响Al-Mg-Mn-Cr-Ti合金晶间腐蚀性能的原因是,钪的添加细化了合金凝固组织,减少了杂质元素Fe、Si等在晶界的偏聚浓度,改变了合金凝固过程中β相的形态与分布.钪的添加,使合金晶界区发生电化学腐蚀程度减弱,提高了合金晶间腐蚀抗力.     

EFFECT OF Cr ON P GRAIN BOUNDARY SEGREGATION IN LOW ALLOYED STEELS

碳与杂质在晶界呈相互排斥,而碳为更强的晶界活性元素,因此杂质在晶界的偏聚受碳在α相中固溶度的控制.合金元素的加入使碳的固溶度降低,从而促进了杂质元素的偏聚.按照这个理论,本文对Guttmann的模型作进一步推广,提出了一个定量的模型.由此计算碳钢及铬钢中磷的晶界偏聚与实验结果符合得很好。     

低合金钢中Cr对磷在晶界偏聚的影响

碳与杂质在晶界呈相互排斥,而碳为更强的晶界活性元素,因此杂质在晶界的偏聚受碳在α相中固溶度的控制.合金元素的加入使碳的固溶度降低,从而促进了杂质元素的偏聚.按照这个理论,本文对Guttmann的模型作进一步推广,提出了一个定量的模型.由此计算碳钢及铬钢中磷的晶界偏聚与实验结果符合得很好。     

铝及铝合金在熔融纳中的腐蚀行为

研究了纯铝、Al-Si和AL-Mg合金在350～450℃熔融钠中的腐蚀行为。采用OM、XRD、EDAX和EPMA分析了腐蚀产物的组织形貌和合金元素的分布。实验结果表明高纯铝受到轻微的腐蚀,并非完全“免蚀”。工业纯铝的腐蚀较明显,主要发生在杂质偏聚的晶界附近。铝合金的腐蚀程度取决于杂质元素尤其是硅的含量。铝中添加一定量的镁并用微量锆细化晶粒可改善合金对熔融钠的耐蚀性。铝和铝合金的腐蚀产物经测定为AINaSi相。     

稀土对Ni9铸钢晶界裂纹倾向的影响SCIEI

Ni9铸钢晶界裂纹的形成主要与晶界偏聚杂质元素H,S,P有关;添加稀土后,消除了杂质元素H,S,P在晶界的偏聚,加强了晶界结合力,使晶界裂纹倾向明显降低。     

在Ni3Al中钙的平衡晶界偏聚和硅的平衡晶界反偏聚

在 1 0 2 3～ 1 373K的初始温度和 4 48K s及 2 69 91K s的冷速下 ,用俄歇剖层分析确定含硼和钙的Ni3 Al合金中钙的平衡晶界偏聚和含硼和硅的Ni3 Al合金中硅的平衡晶界反偏聚行为。按照多组元平衡偏聚理论对实验结果进行了描述和分析 ,并确定出钙的平衡晶界偏聚自由能和硅的平衡晶界反偏聚自由能。实验证实在Ni3 Al B Ca合金中存在钙和硼的平衡晶界共偏聚 ,而在Ni3 Al B Si合金中存在硅对硼平衡晶界偏聚的促进作用     

锌铝合金大角度晶界特性电子理论研究

    利用结构能和原子轨道自能差定义了原子的结合能和结合能差,并用递归法计算了ZA27合金中重位密度分别为1/5和1/9的α相大角度重位点阵晶界的电子结构.结果表明：重位密度越大,晶界结构能越低,从而越稳定.Fe,Y与晶界结合牢固,强化晶界,而Pb与晶界结合弱,降低晶界强度.合金元素或杂质容易偏聚在低重位密度晶界-即高指数晶界.重位密度大的晶界费米能级低于重位密度小的晶界,偏聚在晶界的杂质原子可以改变晶界的费米能级,影响晶界的电位, 进而影响合金的腐蚀性能.     

微合金化Al-4.0Cu-0.3Mg合金时效初期微结构演变的计算机模拟

采用Monte-Carlo方法模拟了时效初期Al-4.0Cu-0.3Mg-(0.4Ag)-(0.2Sc)合金的原子分布.研究结果表明:在时效过程中含微量钪的Al-Cu-Mg合金中镁原子逐步向钪原子周围偏聚,而铜原子并没有向钪原子周围聚集的倾向,时效初期出现了大量的Mg/Sc原子团簇及Mg/Sc/空位复合体;微量钪的存在促进了镁原子团簇化,但抑制了铜原子的团簇化;而含微量银的合金中镁原子向银原子周围偏聚的倾向比铜原子大得多,时效初期出现了大量的Ag/Mg原子团;"Sc/空位"机制是微量钪影响Al-Cu-Mg合金时效初期原子分布与形态的关键所在.     

316L不锈钢晶间腐蚀机理的探讨

采用“应力+充氢法”获得尿素级316L不锈钢的沿晶断面,用扫描电镜观察断面形貌,并对其断面进行俄歇能谱分析,证实316L不锈钢晶间存在磷(和硅)等杂质元素偏析。通过离子溅射证明了晶界的磷、硅含量存在浓度的差别。从所得到的结果,可以认为磷和硅等杂质元素的偏聚是316L不锈钢产生非敏化态晶间腐蚀的重要原因。     

微量钪对ZAlSi7Cu2Mg合金铸态组织与性能的影响

通过采用电子万能试验机、金相显微镜以及扫描电镜,分析研究了微量钪对铸造铝硅合金铸态组织与性能的影响规律.结果表明:当添加钪的含量(wSc)达到0.15％时,合金的铸态组织发生了显著的变化,当钪的含量达到0.2％时,铸态铝硅合金的力学性能达到了最大值,随着钪含量的继续增加,合金的力学性能呈下降趋势.     

Effect of nature of grain boundaries on intergranular liquation during weld thermal cycling of nickel base alloy

Abstract

An Inconel 718 based alloy containing only trace amounts of C, S, and P was subjected to thermal cycling in a Gleeble 1500 system to induce microstructural features which are produced in the heat affected zone (HAZ) during welding. In the thermally cycled material many grain boundaries were observed to liquate; however, the liquation was heterogeneously distributed, that is, only some grain boundaries, and often only a few segments of the same grain boundary, liquated. Orientation imaging microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction analysis in a scanning electron microscope revealed that the liquated grain boundaries or segments of a grain boundary that liquated were always non-special geometry (or random) boundaries, whereas low reciprocal volume density Σ coincident site lattice and twin boundaries did not liquate. Therefore, it is concluded that the extent of B segregation, to which liquation of grain boundaries in the H AZ during welding has been attributed, is greater on random boundaries owing to their ability to accommodate a large number of B atoms in comparison with the low Σ boundaries leading to their liquation during Gleeble simulation.     

稀土元素对新型Al-Mg合金焊接接头组织和性能的影响

研究了Sc,Zr元素对新型Al-Mg合金焊接接头组织和性能的影响。建立了MIG电弧二维数值分析模型,模拟出电弧温度场的分布情况,电弧最高温度超过20 000 K,且温度分布存在较大的温度梯度,说明高温电弧对合金有益元素有一定的烧损作用。采用合金元素不同的焊丝ER5356,ER5B06和ER5B71作为填充材料,对2 mm厚新型Al-Mg合金进行MIG焊接试验,研究高Mg焊丝添加不同稀土元素对焊接性能及组织的影响。结果表明,使用3种焊丝均可获得性能优良的焊接接头,使用ER5B06焊丝的接头力学性能得到一定提升,但焊缝晶粒细化效果不明显;使用复合添加Sc,Zr微量元素的ER5B71焊丝,接头晶粒能够有效细化,力学性能进一步得到提升。3种焊丝中,采用ER5B71焊丝的焊接接头强度最高,焊接系数为83%,焊接接头中起到细化晶粒作用的析出相以Al3(Sc,Zr)为主。同时,无论采用哪种焊丝,焊接热影响区未发生明细的晶粒粗化,说明在母材中加入一定的Sc,Zr微量元素,可提升合金材料抗软化能力,有效抑制热影响区再结晶行为。 创新点： 采用电弧物理数值模拟和进行试验结合的方法,进行研究论证,使研究内容充实,有理论深度,更具说服力;选择具有稀土元素的铝合金和焊丝作为研究对象,对新材料及焊材的研发具有一定指导意义。     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AN Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr ALLOY CONTAINING MINOR LANTHANUM ADDITIONS

The effect of the addition of minor amounts of La on the microstructure and mechanicalproperties of an Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloy was studied.The results showed that in Al-Li alloyssome impurities,such as Fe,Si and Na segregated on the grain boundaries,and the addition ofminor amounts of La decreased the segregation of these impurities.In addition,La could giverise to grain refinement,and retard the growth of precipitates.The tensile properties andtoughness of the Al-Li alloy containing minor amounts of La were improved compared with theLa-free Al-Li alloy.     

均匀化处理对含钪Al-Zn-Mg-Zr合金组织的影响

采用金相分析、扫描电镜、能谱分析、DSC等手段研究含钪Al-Zn-Mg-Zr合金均匀化态显微组织的演变。结果表明：在合金铸态组织中存在大量的枝晶偏析,在晶界处存在很多低熔点共晶相,主要元素在枝晶内部区域呈周期性变化;合金中元素Zn、Mg和Cu在晶内及晶界分布不均匀;在均匀化过程中,随着均匀化温度的升高或时间的延长,残留相逐渐溶入基体,元素分布逐渐均匀。合金的过烧温度为476.7°C。当均匀化温度升高到480°C时,合金中开始出现复熔球和三角晶界。综合考虑：合金的最佳均匀化制度为470°C,24 h。     

微量Sc在Al—Mg合金中的作用

研究了微量Sc对Al-Mg合金显微组织与拉伸性能的影响,结果表明,微量Sc在Al-Mg合金中主要以初生Al3Sc和次生Al3Sc两种形式存在,初生Al3Sc是合金在凝固过程中形成的,可成为有效的非均质晶核,大大细化合金的铸态晶粒,次生Al3Sc是合金铸锭在工艺加热过程中析出的,有效地钉扎位错和亚晶界,稳定亚结构并强烈抑制合金的再结晶,具有亚结构强化和直接析出强化作用,因此,加入Sc后的Al-Mg合金的强度大大提高,并且表现出良好的强塑性配合。     

SURFACE SEGREGATION IN Mo-La ALLOY WIRE

The surface segregation in Mo-4wt-% La alloy wire has been studied by using Auger elec-tron spectroscopy.The process of the segregation is that the La atoms diffuse from the grainboundaries to surface.The experimental results were analysed by kinetics of grain boundarydiffusion.The diffusion activation energy E_(?)=1.6 eV was obtained.     

Al-Mg合金晶粒细化及电子机制研究

采用第一原理赝势平面波法，计算了单独添加微量Sc、Zr及复合添加Sc、Zr后Al-Mg体系的能量与电子结构。结果显示：与纯Al和Al-Mg比较，Al-Sc、A1-Mg-Sc、Al3-Sc、Al-Zr、Al-Mg-Zr、Al3-Zr、Al-Sc-Zr、Al-Mg-Sc—Zr的负合金形成热与结合能增大，表明这些晶胞在Al-Mg合金体系中易形成且结构稳定；对电子态密度进一步分析发现，与单独添加Sc或Zr相比，复合添加Sc、Zr时，晶体在费米能级附近的低能区有更多的成键电子；复合添加Sc和Zr，合金体系结晶凝固时，有更多的晶粒提供非均匀形核作用的场所，因而晶粒细化的效果明显好于单独添加Sc或Zr。     

含铒铝合金TIG焊接头组织与性能

为了研究Er元素对焊缝的强化作用及机理,对含Er元素铝合金进行TIG重熔焊试验,通过对接头组织结构观察和力学性能测试,发现在焊缝的晶界处有初生Al3Er相析出,但与母材相比析出相数量较少,在晶界处未形成连续的环状,次生Al3Er相在焊缝中也有析出,但数量极少,Er元素将以固溶态和偏析的形式存在.Er元素对焊接接头的强化...     

Atomic bonding and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Zr-Sc alloy

The valence electron structures of AI-Mg alloy with minor Sc and Zr were calculated according to the empirical electron theory(EET) in solid. The results show that because of the strong interaction of AI atom with Zr and Sc atom in melting during solidification, the Al3 Sc and Al3 (Sc1-xZrx) particles which act as heterogeneous nuclear are firstly crystallized in alloy to make grains refine. In progress of solidification, the Al-Sc, Al-Zr-Sc segregation regions are formed in solid solution matrix of Al-Mg alloy owing to the strong interaction of Al atom with Zr, Sc atoms in bulk of alloy, so in the following homogenization treatment, the finer dispersed Al3Sc and Al3 (Sc1-xZrx) second-particles which are coherence with the matrix are precipitated in the segregation region. These finer secondparticles with the strong Al—Zr, Al—Sc covalent bonds can strengthen the covalent bonds in matrix of the alloy, and also enhance the hardness and strength of Al-Mg alloy. Those finer second-particles precipitated in interface of sub-grains can also strengthen the covalence bonds there, and effectively hinder the interface of sub grains from migrating and restrain the sub-grains from growing, and cause better thermal stability of Al-Mg alloy.