TA15钛合金焊缝及热影响区疲劳裂纹扩展行为

在扫描电镜下对TA15钛合金氩弧焊焊缝(FZ)及热影响区(HAZ)疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行了动态原位观察研究.结果表明,焊缝疲劳裂纹扩展过程中裂纹尖端滑移明显,滑移线较长;热影响区裂纹扩展初期裂纹尖端滑移不明显,在裂纹扩展中后期才出现较为明显的滑移,且滑移线较短,存在较多的二次裂纹;焊缝疲劳裂纹扩展速率高于热影响区.焊缝与热影响区疲劳裂纹扩展行为的差异与其显微组织的不同有关.     

坡口形状对GH536焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响

为探讨不同坡口角度对GH536镍基高温合金焊接接头组织及性能的影响,研究了其焊缝中心及热影响区组织、硬度及疲劳裂纹扩展速率。结果表明:随着坡口角度的减小,焊缝尺寸变大,热影响区范围扩大,焊缝中心的组织发生改变,硬度逐渐提高;相同应力强度因子幅条件下,GH536高温合金大角度坡口焊接接头具有较高的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,但小角度坡口的焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率增加相对较快;在设计GH536镍基高温合金焊接坡口时,要综合考虑焊缝开裂的难易程度及疲劳裂纹扩展速率。     

载荷方向对TC4钛合金激光焊缝疲劳性能的影响

针对不同载荷方向对TC4钛合金激光焊缝的疲劳性能的影响展开对比试验分析,对激光直、斜焊缝的疲劳寿命和疲劳断口进行了对比计算与分析.结果表明,直焊缝试件的疲劳寿命相比斜焊缝的分散性小,斜焊缝试件的中值疲劳寿命是直焊缝的1.98倍;直、斜焊缝试件疲劳裂纹均起始于显微硬度最低的热影响区表面,直焊试件裂纹在焊缝区扩展至断裂,疲劳裂纹扩展区有脆性解理特征,而斜焊试件裂纹穿过焊缝进入母材扩展至断裂,扩展区有典型韧性扩展特征;在瞬断区,斜焊缝试件比直焊缝表现出更好的韧性.     

TA5钛合金焊板的疲劳断口分析

用扫描电镜对TA5钛合金焊接板件不同部位的疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验后的试样断口进行了分析.结果表明,基材、焊缝区及热影响区试样的断口形貌宏观上由众多小面组成;微观下,小面上有典型的疲劳辉纹.焊缝区和热影响区试样的辉纹间距较基体区的大,说明裂纹扩展速率快,焊缝和热影响区的抗裂纹扩展性较基体差.     

焊接接头延性裂纹扩展的数值模拟

用GTN损伤模型对30Cr2Ni4MoV转子钢焊接接头延性裂纹的扩展进行了有限元模拟.模拟得到的焊缝、母材和热影响区断裂韧性试样的载荷—位移曲线和J-△a阻力曲线与试验曲线吻合良好,以此确定了GTN模型中的材料损伤参数.结果表明,焊缝的裂纹扩展阻力最低,热影响区最高,母材居中;当初始裂纹位于母材和热影响区界面时,裂纹偏向强度和扩展阻力较低的母材一侧扩展,其阻力曲线和母材相似;当初始裂纹位于热影响区和焊缝界面时,裂纹向焊缝一侧偏离且沿着界面扩展,阻力曲线较焊缝稍有降低.     

ADB610钢焊接接头概率疲劳裂纹扩展分析

采用焊条电弧焊方法对ADB610钢进行焊接,对焊接接头进行疲劳裂纹扩展试验,研究其概率疲劳裂纹扩展规律.采用两步七点递增多项式拟合方法,计算了一系列相同裂纹长度下母材区、热影响区和焊缝区的对数裂纹扩展速率方差和存活率分别为50%,90%,95%,99%,99.9%的裂纹扩展速率.结果表明,总体上母材区的裂纹扩展分散性最小,热影响区其次,焊缝区分散性最大;而且总体上存活率相同时,在裂纹扩展的初期,母材区的裂纹扩展速率最快,焊缝区的裂纹扩展速率最慢;在裂纹扩展末期,三区域的裂纹扩展快慢相当;随着存活率增大,三区域裂纹扩展快慢差别不大时所对应的裂纹长度减小.     

TC4-DT钛合金电子束焊接接头的疲劳断口研究

采用单边缺口试样,用扫描电镜观察了TC4-DT钛合金母材及电子束焊接接头焊缝区与热影响区的疲劳断口,分别分析了疲劳裂纹起裂源、扩展区及瞬断区的断口形貌特征.结果表明,疲劳裂纹均起裂于试样缺口根部,并由试样的一侧扩展到另一侧,裂纹扩展初期均沿一定的结晶面扩展,属于脆性穿晶断裂;母材和热影响区的瞬断部位均有明显的韧窝出现,属于塑性沿晶断裂,而焊缝区断口上韧窝不明显;热影响区疲劳断口有疲劳条带出现,但在母材和焊缝区断口上很难看见.     

高强度桥梁钢焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率的研究

利用高频疲劳试验机对高强度桥梁钢的母材、热影响区和焊缝的疲劳裂纹扩展速率进行了测定,并结合疲劳扩展断口分析各部位疲劳裂纹扩展快慢的原因。结果表明,高强度桥梁钢焊接接头中焊缝裂纹扩展速率最低,抗疲劳裂纹扩展能力最高;母材疲劳裂纹扩展速率最高,抗疲劳裂纹扩展能力最差;热影响区介于二者之间。焊缝的疲劳断裂模式是以穿晶断裂为主,母材是以沿Z字形路径扩展的沿晶断裂为主,热影响区则介于两者之间。     

考虑焊缝和母材不同材料特性的焊接平板疲劳裂纹扩展行为模拟

为准确描述焊接结构的疲劳裂纹扩展行为，基于Abaqus、Zencrack及相应子程序建立了考虑材料不连续的疲劳裂纹扩展模拟方法.对于初始埋藏裂纹位于焊缝区的平板焊接结构，考虑焊缝和母材不同强度匹配，进行疲劳裂纹扩展模拟，研究了不同强度匹配对焊接结构疲劳裂纹扩展寿命和扩展特性的影响.研究结果表明，当裂纹前缘由焊缝跨越至母材区域时，焊缝和母材区域的应力强度因子计算结果出现明显变化，并随着裂纹尺寸的逐渐加大，两者差异越大.随着焊缝材料裂纹扩展参数逐渐增大，母材区域的裂纹扩展相对速率逐渐变慢，裂纹形状逐渐由圆形向扁平状椭圆形过渡；相反地，母材区域的裂纹扩展相对速率逐渐变快，裂纹形状逐渐由圆形向椭圆形过渡.文中的模拟方法有望为准确预测焊接结构的跨材料裂纹扩展行为提供有效途径.     

GH625和GH536变形高温合金焊接的疲劳裂纹扩展速率分析

测定GH625和GH536变形高温合金在室温下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,分析合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率与断口特征以及微观组织的关系。结果表明:应力强度因子幅ΔK较小时GH625合金焊缝处的疲劳裂纹扩展速率小于母材,ΔK较大时焊缝处的疲劳裂纹扩展速率较快;在裂纹稳定扩展阶段,GH536合金热影响区的疲劳裂纹扩展速率大于母材;GH625和GH536合金母材断口裂纹扩展区可见明显的疲劳条带特征,而焊缝中心裂纹扩展区以类解理特征为主;GH625和GH536合金焊接部位的疲劳裂纹扩展速率的快慢受焊缝或热影响区内部的析出物影响较大。     

Hot cracking of welds on heat treatable aluminium alloys

Abstract

The Spot Varestraint test was used to evaluate the hot cracking susceptibility of several aluminium alloys namely 6061-T6, 6061-T6 (H), 7075-T6, 7075-T6 (H). The effects of augment strain, the number of thermal cycles and cold working (rolling) on the cracking susceptibility were investigated, and the total crack length was used to evaluate the hot cracking susceptibility. The results indicate that the number of thermal cycles is irrelevant to the hot cracking susceptibility in the weld fusion zone, but does affect this susceptibility in the heat affected zone (HAZ). More thermal cycles correspond to larger hot cracks in the HAZ, especially in the weld metal HAZ. The hot cracking susceptibility of materials increased with augment strain in both the fusion zone and the HAZ. Cold working of the materials can reduce their hot cracking susceptibility. The hot cracking susceptibility of 7075-T6 aluminium alloys is higher than that of 6061-T6. There was significant Cu segregation in the HAZ of 7075-T6 aluminium alloy, resulting in a higher susceptibility to hot cracking in this zone.     

Fatigue crack initiation for Al-Zn-Mg alloy welded joint

To investigate fatigue crack initiation characteristics of Al-Zn-Mg alloy welded joint, notched specimens were used in fatigue test for the base metal, welding bead and heat affected zone (HAZ). The fatigue fracture surface near the fatigue crack initiation site was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the differences of fatigue crack initiation life among base metal, welding bead and HAZ are not obvious. Inhomogeneity in microstructure and mechanical performance of HAZ influences the fatigue crack initiation life. The ratio of fatigue crack initiation life (Ni) to fatigue failure life (Nf) for the base metal, welding bead and HAZ of A7N01 aluminium alloy welded joint are 26.32%, 40.21% and 60.67%, respectively. Fatigue crack initiation life can be predicted using a uniform model. Observation of fatigue fracture surfaces shows that for the welding bead a fatigue crack initiates from the smooth surface due to the welding process, the blowhole in HAZ causes fatigue crack and the crushed second phase particles play an important role in fatigue crack initiation for the base metal.     

TC4-DT电子束焊接头显微组织及疲劳裂纹扩展行为

在光学显微镜下对TC4-DT钛合金电子束焊接头显微组织进行了分析,讨论了接头不同位置显微组织特征.比较了疲劳裂纹始于焊接接头不同位置时的宏观裂纹扩展路径及裂纹扩展速率,依据焊接接头显微组织特点讨论了显微组织对疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响.结果表明,电子束焊接头沿熔深方向显微组织存在一定的差异;文中条件下,与母材区相比焊缝熔合区及热影响区具有较高的疲劳裂纹扩展抗力,导致裂纹扩展路径逐步偏向母材区,最后讨论了裂纹扩展路径的偏折对裂纹扩展速率的影响.     

Fatigue properties of friction stir welded joint of ultrafine-grained 2024 aluminium alloy

Ultrafine-grained (UFG) 2024 aluminium alloy prepared by the equal channel angular pressing was friction stir welded (FSW). The high cycle fatigue and crack growth behaviour of the FSW joint were investigated in air and NaCl solution, respectively. This study demonstrated that FSW was a viable technique for joining UFG materials. The UFG microstructure was retained in the nugget zone (NZ). Compared with the UFG base metal (BM), FSW joint exhibited lower ultimate tensile strength and hardness, and the minimum hardness value was located in the heat affected zone (HAZ). NaCl solution significantly reduced the fatigue strength of FSW joint. Fatigue crack propagation rates in the NZ and HAZ were slower than that in the BM in the whole fatigue life.     

搅拌摩擦焊AA7075-T651铝合金接头的疲劳裂纹扩展(英文)

研究12 mm厚AA7075-T651铝合金板搅拌摩擦焊接头的疲劳裂纹扩展行为。从搅拌摩擦焊接头以及母材中截取试样,对试样进行疲劳裂纹扩展实验。对搅拌摩擦焊接头以及母材的横向拉伸性能进行评估。用光学显微镜和透射电镜分析焊接接头的显微组织。用扫描电镜观察试样的断裂表面。与母材相比,焊接接头的ΔKcr降低了10×10-3 MPa·m1/2。搅拌摩擦焊AA7075-T651接头的疲劳寿命明显低于母材的,其原因可归结于焊缝区的析出相在搅拌摩擦焊接过程中的溶解。     

A7N01铝合金焊接接头的疲劳特性及寿命预测(英文)

研究A7N01铝合金焊接接头的疲劳特性,提出基于疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的寿命预测模型。母材、热影响区和焊缝三个区域内的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命差异较小。在这三个区域内,疲劳裂纹萌生寿命与疲劳总寿命之比是一个依赖于材料的参数,对于母材、热影响区和焊缝分别为26.32%、40.21%和60.67%。提出的疲劳寿命预测模型与实验结果和Basquin’s模型预测结果吻合良好。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对疲劳断口进行观察,发现焊缝区域的裂纹萌生于焊接过程中产生的光滑表面。热影响区内疲劳裂纹萌生于熔合区气孔。母材中破碎的第二相是引起疲劳裂纹的主要原因。     

7075-T6铝合金激光-MIG复合焊焊接接头疲劳寿命原位研究

本文对7075-T6铝合金激光复合焊焊接接头的疲劳寿命进行了探究。结果表明：疲劳裂纹萌生寿命与疲劳寿命之间存在着一定的比例关系。对于母材试样,该比值为64.5%;而对于焊接接头试样,该比值为20.2%。疲劳断口表面观察发现,母材试样的疲劳断口上存在大量韧窝,而焊接接头试样疲劳断口上存在许多气孔。这些气孔被认为是引起焊接接头疲劳裂纹萌生寿命急剧下降的主要原因。     

A6N01-T5合金FSW和MIG焊接头疲劳裂纹扩展行为的对比

研究了6N01-T5铝合金搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)和氩弧焊(MIG)接头不同部位的疲劳裂纹扩展性能, 并对疲劳断口和接头组织进行了分析. 结果表明,对于FSW和MIG焊接头, 其裂纹扩展速率从高到低的部位依次为焊缝(核)区、热影响区和母材. 裂纹在FSW和MIG焊接头相同区域的扩展速率无明显差别, 然而裂纹在FSW接头细晶组织中开始扩展所需的门槛值ΔK要比对应的MIG焊接头高, 总体上其裂纹在FSW焊核区的抗疲劳裂纹扩展性能要优于对应的MIG焊缝区. 裂纹在FSW和MIG焊接头焊核(缝)区扩展的疲劳断口表现为脆性断裂, 而在热影响区则以规则和光滑的疲劳条纹形式扩展.     

Fatigue crack growth under a constant amplitude loading of Al-6061-T6 welds obtained by modified indirect electric arc technique

Abstract

The characteristics of the fatigue crack growth in the base metal, weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) were quantified by testing compact type specimens of 6061-T6 welds obtained by the modified indirect electric arc technique. The fatigue crack growth depends on the microstructure imposed by the welding thermal cycle and it was observed that in the HAZ the crack growth rate is lower than that in the weld metal, but higher than that in the base metal. Microhardness maps revealed that this behaviour is due to the formation of a larger plastic zone around of the crack tip produced by loss of hardening. A comparison of fatigue crack growth of weld metal and HAZ for modified indirect electric arc and friction stir welding shows that the weld metal produced by friction stir welding exhibits better resistance to crack propagation, but both processes behaved similarly in the HAZ.     

7075铝合金FSW接头腐蚀疲劳性能及断裂特征

以7075-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头为研究对象,对其显微组织结构、3.5% NaCl(质量分数)溶液腐蚀疲劳寿命和腐蚀疲劳断裂特征进行了研究,分析了7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的腐蚀疲劳性能及断裂过程.结果表明,7075-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头腐蚀疲劳S-N曲线方程为lgN=5.845-0.014S,随着应力幅增大,腐蚀疲劳寿命大幅度降低;腐蚀疲劳裂纹起源于接头的热影响区,逐渐扩展最终断裂于接头的焊核区.腐蚀疲劳断口存在多个裂纹源,且受到应力集中作用的影响,裂纹源萌生于腐蚀坑处.高应力作用加剧了试样边角部分的腐蚀损伤,导致边角比平面位置腐蚀程度更严重.裂纹扩展区出现了明显的晶间断裂和疲劳辉纹;在腐蚀介质和交变载荷的共同作用下,裂纹扩展区腐蚀程度最重,晶界处产生了阳极溶解现象并产生了“冰糖块状”和“蚁巢状”的形貌特征;瞬断区产生了大量解理台阶和二次裂纹,为脆性断裂,在第二相粒子分布区域存在孔洞形貌特征.