基于合约制的认知网络协作频谱共享模型

为了提高认知无线电网络中主用户的能效和谱效,提出了一种基于合约制的协作频谱共享新模型。在该模型中,当主用户信道质量差时,次用户为其提供中继服务;作为回报,在主用户信道质量好时,次用户可以在一定的干扰约束下以underlay的模式和主用户共享频谱。在此框架下引入经济学中的合约理论,将主次用户间的协作问题建模为合约设计问题,并建立了主次用户评价合约收益的效用函数,将提高主用户的能效和谱效问题转变为设计合约使主用户获得最大效用的优化问题,并利用差分进化算法对该问题求解。最后,在不同的环境下,将主用户协作与不协作获得的效用进行对比,结果表明,主用户在没有额外投入频谱资源的条件下,不仅节省了发送功率,而且有效地提高了数据传输速率,进而提高了能效和谱效。     

优化的最佳中继协作频谱感知

在基于中继的协作频谱感知中,尽管通过引入认知中继可有效提高协作频谱感知性能,然而认知中继的引入也会带来额外的系统开销及复杂度增加问题。为了节约系统开销,本文在前期取得研究成果的基础上,进一步提出了一种基于删余的最佳中继协作频谱感知方案,只有当次用户检测到主用户信号且目标次用户的报告信道衰落严重时,才申请认知中继的协作传输,同时目标次用户将其检测到的感知信息发送到认知中继;最后,分别从检测性能和次系统可获得的容量角度对所提方案下的协作频谱感知性能进行了理论分析。分析和仿真结果表明,所提方案可以有效提高检测性能,当确保主用户受到足够保护的前提下,利用所提方案可以获得更高的次系统容量。      

基于认知无线电的双向中继网络的资源分配

针对认知无线电中的双向中继网络,研究了基于非完美感知的频谱机会式接入和频谱共享接入下的资源分配问题.与传统基于认知的双向中继的资源分配方法不同,提出的算法联合考虑了感知时间和次级系统的发射功率.在感知时间和发射功率满足条件的情况下,使次级系统的吞吐量最大.为了有效地保护主用户不受干扰,在每一跳都考虑了平均干扰功率约束,同时考虑次级系统总的功率约束.在非完美感知的频谱机会式接入和频谱共享接入机制下,新算法能够获得最优的感知时间和功率分配.最后,仿真比较了两种方案的性能,验证了新算法的有效性.     

基于OFDM协作中继的机会主义频谱共享协议及其最优资源分配

提出了一种基于OFDM协作中继的机会主义频谱共享协议。当主用户信道不好,不能达到其要求速率时,如果认知用户能够协作帮助主用户达到其要求速率,则该认知用户就可以以协作的方式接入主用户的频谱。在该接入方式中,认知用户利用接入频谱中的一部分子载波放大转发主用户的信息,帮助主用户达到其要求速率。然后可以利用剩余的子载波发送自己的信息。对这种接入方式中的资源分配进行了分析,利用对偶算法,提出了一种以最大化认知用户速率,保证主用户速率达到要求速率为原则的最优资源分配算法。如果认知用户不能够协作帮助主用户达到要求速率,为了有效地利用频谱资源,认知用户以非协作的方式接入主用户的频谱,利用接入的全部频谱来发送自己的信息。仿真结果验证了所提频谱共享协议的有效性,同时说明了主用户和认知用户都能够从该协议中获得好处。     

混合频谱共享方式下多用户动态频谱分配算法

为解决混合overlay/underlay频谱共享方式下多用户动态频谱分配问题,构建了混合频谱共享方式下动态频谱分配模型,提出了基于Q学习的多用户动态频谱分配算法. 该算法在不对主用户产生有害干扰的前提下,以最大化次用户总吞吐量为目标,构建了与次用户相对应的虚拟次用户作为智能体. 通过与环境交互学习,进行信道和共享方式初选;频谱分配系统根据冲突情况和各智能体的学习结果调整信道分配策略直至次用户间无冲突. 仿真结果表明,该算法在无信道检测和信道先验知识的条件下,能根据前一时隙信道状态和次用户传输速率需求,实现动态信道分配和频谱共享方式确定,避免次用户间冲突,减少主次用户间冲突,有效提升次用户总吞吐量.     

基于次用户协作的主用户频谱洞周期稳态特征检测

实时准确地检测主用户归属的无线电系统是否存在频谱洞,即检测主用户是否在所分配的频点上处于活动状态,是机会式频谱共享法必须解决的首要问题.本文将次用户间协作检测方式和周期稳态特征检测法结合,提出了次用户协作检测主用户频谱洞的特征检测法.理论研究和和仿真分析表明,本文提出的检测法比协作能量检测法性能优越.     

全双工中继协作下的认知MIMO系统吞吐量最大化研究

本文研究了全双工中继协作下的认知MIMO系统的平均吞吐量最大化问题。与传统的中继协作认知无线电系统不同的是,该系统模型中的双工中继节点既能协助认知用户源节点进行多天线频谱感知以提高频谱检测性能,也能解码转发认知用户源节点的发送信号以获得更大的系统吞吐量。为使系统平均吞吐量最大,首先,本文以认知用户能获得的最大平均频谱空洞被发现的概率为目标,对系统的帧结构进行优化以获得最佳的感知时间,接着对多个发送天线进行优化以选择出最佳的发送天线,并推导出了在总的发送功率和对主用户干扰受限条件下的认知用户源节点和双工中继节点的最佳功率分配方案。最后的仿真结果表明本文提出的系统模型和优化方案相比传统的双工等功率分配方案以及单工功率分配方案能够获得更大的系统平均吞吐量。      

一种认知无线电系统双门限频谱分配算法

基于认知无线电系统中Underlay频谱共享模型,提出了一种双门限频谱分配算法.给定两个信噪比门限,当信噪比低于较小的门限时,系统选择认知用户做中继协助授权用户进行数据传输,以授权用户信道容量最大化为优化目标进行频谱分配;当信噪比大于较大的门限时,系统允许认知用户之间进行低功率数据传输,以认知用户接入数量最大化为优化目标进行频谱分配;当信噪比介于两门限之间时,由授权用户单独进行数据传输.理论分析和仿真表明,当授权用户信噪比低于较小门限时,所提方法能提高授权用户的信道容量;当授权用户信噪比大于较大门限时,所提方法可以提高认知用户的接入数量.     

认知双向中继网络的功率分配优化算法研究

相对于传统的认知单向中继系统,认知双向中继网络由于引入了网络编码技术,减少了传输时隙,能获得更高的频谱效率.对采用时分广播(Time Division Broadcast,TDBC)传输协议的译码转发(Decode-and-Forward,DF)认知双向中继网络的和速率进行了分析,提出了一种功率分配的优化算法,能在满足次用户(Secondary Users,SUs)总功率约束以及对主用户(Primary Users,PUs)最大干扰功率(Maximum Tolerable Interference Power,MTIP)约束的前提下,最大限度提高次用户网络的和速率.并推导了不同情况下,次用户网络功率分配的最优解.数值仿真结果验证了该理论分析的正确性,同时表明,次用户的总功率以及主用户的干扰功率限制,对次用户网络的和速率有较大影响.     

OFDM中继系统中能效优化的资源联合分配算法

在协作正交频分复用系统中,合理的资源分配对于提高系统性能具有重要的意义。针对中继、子载波和功率的联合分配,对最大化系统能效为目标的分配算法进行研究,提出了一个最低容量限制下的最大能效次优化资源联合分配算法(JRAA,joint resource allocation algorithm)。该算法使用冲突图表示系统资源冲突关系,根据冲突图的最大独立集结果进行资源分配。经过仿真验证,该资源分配算法实现了中继一子载波和功率的联合分配,在能效性能方面优于现有的算法。     

Optimal cooperative strategy based on quantum bat for cognitive radio of energy harvesting

In order to reduce energy consumption and improve spectral efficiency of the cognitive relay wireless communication system in 5G network,an optimal cooperative transmission strategy of information and energy was designed for cognitive relay radio with wireless energy harvesting.For the proposed optimal cooperative strategy,the maximal throughput formula and outage probability of secondary user were deduced.In order to resolve the derived maximum throughput equation,a quantum bat algorithm which was based on the optimization mechanism of quantum computing and bat algorithm was designed to solve the deduced equation,and the optimal cooperative transmission scheme for information and energy could be obtained.Simulation results show that the proposed optimal cooperative strategy not only can meet the information transfer demand of primary user,but also can realize the energy self-supply of the secondary user system and improve the communication quality of the secondary user.The proposed optimal cooperative strategy has a better performance than the cooperative strategy of existing cognitive relay radio for different simulation scenarios.     

认知无线电中协作中继技术的研究

在无线通信环境中,衰落、多径和节点的移动都会导致通信环境较差,这些因素严重地影响了通信质量。当系统中有协作中继参与时,主用户可以通过共享中继的多根天线来获得增益完成通信从而有效抵抗了无线环境中的不良因素影响。本文建立了一个进行双向通信的主用户需要中继协助才可以完成通信的协作模型。并且定义中继采用放大转发的方式帮助主用户传输数据。本文理论分析了各个节点的中断概率,并通过仿真结果表明,本文提出的中继传输方法不仅使得主用户有效的完成了通信而且还减小了主用户的中断概率。     

基于强化学习的合作频谱分配算法

为了解决认知无线电网络中的频谱分配问题,提出了一种基于用户体验质量的合作强化学习频谱分配算法,将认知网络中的次用户模拟为强化学习中的智能体,并在次用户间引入合作机制,新加入用户可以吸收借鉴其他用户的强化学习经验,能够以更快的速度获得最佳的频谱分配方案;并且在频谱分配过程中引入了主用户和次用户之间的价格博弈因素,允许主用...     

On the study of cognitive two-way relaying using a denoise-and-forward relay

In this paper, we consider a cognitive cooperative wireless system consisting of two primary users, a cognitive base station (CBS) and a secondary user. A cognitive two-way relaying (CTWR) scheme is proposed, where the secondary user tries to assist the primary users to meet their target quality of service (QoS) by acting as a cognitive two-way relay, when the direct link of the two primary users cannot meet the target QoS. As a return, the primary network shares its transmission time-slot with the secondary user. First, the system outage probabilities of traditional direct transmission and CTWR scheme are analyzed, giving both the exact and approximated expressions. Second, a transmission time-slot splitting algorithm between the primary and secondary users is proposed. Third, the ergodic capacity of the secondary user under the CTWR scheme is examined. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed scheme cannot only help the primary users to meet their target QoS, but also improve the communication opportunities of the secondary user.     

基于三个认知用户的多分支频谱感知方法

为了在认知无线电网络中有效地感知出授权用户,通过在无线通信网络中对多分支协作分集方式的研究,提出了在3个认知用户组成的认知无线电网络中,2个认知用户作为1个认知用户的中继用户,采用多分支协作分集方式感知授权用户。对其检测性能进行了理论分析,表明该方法是一种有效的感知方法,并且在低信噪比环境下,也可以有效地提高检测概率和降低检测时间从而提高网络的敏捷度增益。实验仿真结果证明,在低信噪比的环境下,该方法也可以获得较好的性能。     

Recent advances and future challenges of four key resources cooperation in cognitive radio network

Cognitive radio (CR) can improve spectrum utilization by spectrum sharing or cooperation between the primary user and secondary users.It is well known that energy,interference and relay are also three key resources in cognitive radio network (CRN).Energy cooperation or sharing between the primary user and secondary user will further promote energy efficiency.Energy harvesting from RF interference signal can turn bane (interference) into a boon (green energy).Secondary user relay data of the primary user can enhance QoS of the primary user,also get some opportunities for their own transmission.Thus,four resources cooperation (spectrum,energy,interference,relay) in CRN will improve simultaneously both spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency,and also increase throughput and QoS.The overviews for collaborative utilization problems of four key resources in CRN was given.Firstly,collaboration models of four key resources were analyzed.Then,recent research advances were summarized,including three kinds of resources collaborative utilization (both energy harvesting and relay transmission,both energy cooperation and energy harvesting) and four resources collaborative utilization (simultaneous relay transmission,energy harvesting and energy cooperation) in CRN.Further,some potential challenges of four key resources cooperation in CRN were discussed.Finally,some key future research directions was concluded.     

Resource Allo cation in High Energy-E? cient Co op erative Sp ectrum Sharing Communication Networks

High energy-e?cient wireless communica-tion has become hot due to global low-carbon economy. The systems total transmitting power can be saved by resource allocation in cooperative spectrum sharing net-works. In cooperative spectrum sharing, the secondary user relays the primary users tra?c, as a return, the sec-ondary user is admitted to access the licensed spectrum for its own data transmission. An optimal power and time al-location are presented to minimize the overall energy con-sum ption with the users service quality guaranteed in co-operative spectrum sharing. We formulated it as a convex problem and achieve its optimal power and time allocation in closed form. We analyze the performance of two different transmission protocols for the single relay channel.     

A utility-based capacity optimization framework for achieving cooperative diversity in the hierarchical converged heterogeneous wireless networks

A hierarchical convergence mechanism for the heterogeneous wireless communication system via the heterogeneous cooperative relay node is presented in this paper, in which the techniques of cooperative communication and wireless relay are utilized to improve performances of the individual user and the overall converged networks. In order to evaluate the benefits of the proposal, a utility-based capacity optimization framework for achieving the heterogeneous cooperative diversity gain is proposed. The heterogeneous cooperative capacity, relay selection and power allocation theoretical models are derived individually. The joint optimization model for relay selection and power allocation is presented as well. Owing to the computation complexity, the sub-optimal cooperative relay selection algorithm, the sub-optimal power allocation algorithm and the sub-optimal joint algorithm are determined to approach the maximum overall networks' spectrum efficiency. These proposed algorithms are designed in conformance to guarantee the equivalent transmission rates of the different wireless access networks. The simulation results demonstrate that the utility-based capacity model is available for the heterogeneous cooperative wireless communication system, and the proposed algorithms can improve performances by achieving the cooperative gain and taking full advantage of the cross-layer design. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

认知网络中基于最大和速率的协同通信方案

为了提高认知无线网络主用户通信与次用户通信的和速率,提出了一种新的协同通信方案.该方案中主用户通过机会选择次用户是否协同自身数据传输、允许通信的次用户通过匹配最佳可用信道来最大化认知无线网络的和速率.通过建模将该和速率最大化问题表示为一个组合优化问题,进一步将问题转化为了一个等价的标准指派问题,从而提出了基于匈牙利算法的协同通信方案.仿真结果表明,所提方案显著提高了主次用户的和速率.