非线性信道自适应均衡的一种方法

本文通过对非线性信道模型的分析,构造了一种新的、关联模型的自适应均衡器。分析表明,与一般的基于Volterra级数的非线性扩展关联模型相比,新结构的权数大为减少。模拟实验证实,当信道噪声较小时,新结构以较高的精度收敛于最佳解。而且无论对最小相位或非最小相位信道,该均衡器均表现出良好的收敛特性和误码性能。     

A DECISION FEEDBACK EQUALIZER FOR NON-LINEAR CHANNELS

A Simple and useful decision feedback equalizer used for non-linear channels with severe linear distortion and mild non-linear distortion is proposed. It is a combination of a nonlinear channel equalizer based on connectionist model and a common decision feedback equalizer for linear channels. For a typical non-linear channel model it is shown that the equalization performances of the proposed equalizer are improved significantly.     

非线性信道判决反馈均衡器

本文针对严重线性失真、轻度非线性失真的信道提出了一种简单实用的非线性信道判决反馈均衡器。它是一个将关联模型非线性信道均衡器与线性信道判决反馈均衡器相结合的产物。对典型的非线性信道模型所做的模拟试验表明,该均衡器不仅简单实用、便于实时处理,而且均衡性能得到较大的改善。     

自适应复信道均衡的一种新的神经网络方法

近年来,神经网络已经广泛地应用到许多信号处理问题中.自适应信道均衡是数字通信系统中的一个重要问题.在本文中我们提出一种基于复数赫布类型算法的自适应信道均衡器.计算机模拟表明,无论在线性还是非线性信道中,所提出的均衡器均表现出良好的性能,这为自适应复信道均衡提供了一种新的方法.     

Nonlinear equalization of multipath fading channels withnoncoherent demodulation

A nonlinear decision-based adaptive equalizer compatible with differentially coherent phase shift keying (PSK) is proposed for frequency-selective fading channels. This equalization scheme is appropriate whenever conventional equalizers are not capable of tracking phase variations in selective fading channels. The received signal is first converted to a baseband signal and then sent through a differential detector. A nonlinear processor before the equalizer generates the needed nonlinear terms that are weighted and summed in the equalizer. Nonlinear intersymbol interference at the output of the differential detector is dealt with by minimizing an error signal between the output of the equalizer and the detected data. The adaptation algorithm can be any algorithm currently used for conventional equalizers. Our simulation results confirm that for channels with spectral nulls, equalization is achieved successfully with the proposed scheme, whereas, linear equalizers, either with coherent or noncoherent detection, fail     

Complex noncoherent receivers for GMSK signals

Noncoherent demodulators are very attractive for high performance radio LAN (HIPERLAN) systems because of their low implementation costs and their inherent robustness against frequency and carrier phase offsets. However, when the channel is time dispersive, the nonlinear intersymbol interference (ISI) introduced by these demodulators precludes the use of conventional linear equalization strategies. We present an alternative noncoherent receiver structure followed by a nonlinear equalizer, which includes a RAM and a Viterbi detector, capable of equalizing nonlinear multipath fading channels. In addition, we also present a new algorithm specifically for noncoherent demodulators, which allows estimation of all useful signal values at the input of the equalizer to be stored in the RAM. By means of computer simulations, we report the performance and computational complexity tradeoffs of the receiver/equalizer structure, including antenna diversity. We show that demodulators which consist of a complex receiver and a Viterbi detector are much more robust against multipath fading channels than traditional real noncoherent demodulators. The results suggest that in a typical HIPERLAN scenario, where the channel delay spread is less than 50 ns and a reliable line of sight component exists, it is feasible to combat multipath effects using noncoherent demodulation     

A binary adaptive decision-selection equalizer for channels with nonlinear intersymbol interference

An enhanced adaptive decision feedback equalizer (ADFE) is presented for binary data transmission applications where the communication channel exhibits nonlinear intersymbol interference (ISI). The nonlinearity in the channel manifests itself as a distorted constellation space constructed from the equalizer input state variables. Since a conventional ADFE can construct a hyperplane decision boundary of only one orientation with symmetrically spaced distance from the origin as a function of the detected feedback symbols and feedback filter coefficient values, there is room for improvement since the distorted constellation of the nonlinear system is better served by hyperplane boundaries of varying orientation. The method proposed here is not to feed back the decision variables but, instead, to use these binary variables to choose and adapt different sets of coefficients, i.e., different hyperplane boundaries. Hence, the name given to this new method is the adaptive decision-selection equalizer (ADSE). Although the hyperplane may not be the optimum boundary for the conditional constellations, in many cases, it is an adequate approximation. Nonetheless, for nonlinear channels, the ADSE is generally an improvement over the conventional ADFE in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes, where the bit error rate (BER) is within the desired operating range. The major advantage of the new method is improved performance on the studied channel while retaining simplicity when implemented as a variation of the least-mean-squared (LMS) algorithm. Some drawbacks are decreased convergence rate and limitations of the minimum mean-squared-error (MMSE) strategy of optimization, as implemented by the LMS algorithm, for a system where error probability, not MMSE, is important.     

Combined channel estimation and data detection using softstatistics for frequency-selective fast-fading digital links

A novel adaptive nonlinear equalizer for fast time-varying multipath channels that combines the channel estimation and data detection tasks is presented. The a posteriori probabilities (APPs) of the states of the intersymbol interference (ISI) channel are recursively computed from the received data by a symbol-by-symbol (SbS) detector and are then employed by a Kalman-type nonlinear channel estimator. Robust channel tracking and good data-detection performance are obtained, with a reasonable receiver complexity     

基于Hammerstein模型的非线性信道广义线性盲均衡算法

为了提高非线性信道盲均衡的性能、降低运算复杂度,本文以Hammerstein模型代替传统的Volterra级数模型来模拟非线性信道,利用非线性信道接收信号呈现非圆性的特点,构造了一种新的基于Wiener非线性模型的广义线性盲均衡器,并在常模准则的基础上提出了NCWL-CMA和NCWL-CMA Newton-like两种非线性信道广义线性盲均衡器抽头系数更新算法.理论分析和仿真实验结果表明,与传统盲均衡算法相比,新算法显著地降低了剩余码间干扰,提高了收敛速度.     

自适应均衡技术在宽带微波传输中的应用

在微波视距通信中通常采用二径模型来描述信道,简要介绍了二径模型的频率响应、损伤参数以及多径时延与天线高度、通信距离的关系。自适应均衡器是对抗多径造成的频率选择性衰落的一种重要手段,简要介绍了自适应均衡器的原理以及设计思路,采用4种典型信道下均衡前后解调器的误码性能对自适应均衡器的抗二径损伤的效果进行评估。测试结果表明,自适应均衡器能有效地对抗二径造成的频率选择性衰落,该均衡器能满足工程使用要求。     

一种脉冲噪声下的自适应均衡算法

由单层神经自适应滤波器和Chebyshev正交多项式滤波器级联构成一个均衡器,基于此均衡器结构,提出一种基于分数低阶统计量的自适应均衡算法(称为NC-NLMP算法).仿真结果表明,对线性信道和非线性信道,NC-NLMP算法的均衡性能均优于传统的FIR横向滤波器的自适应均衡算法和神经网络均衡算法;对于非线性信道,NC-NLMP算法的均衡性能远优于后两者;NC-NLMP算法对高斯噪声和稳定分布脉冲噪声都具有很好的均衡性能,对背景噪声韧性强.     

Comparison Between the Performance of QPSK, SQPSK, QPR, and SQPR Systems Over Microwave LOS Channels

This paper studies the effectiveness of adaptive equalizers used with QPSK, SQPSK, QPR, and SQPR modems over frequency selective microwave LOS channels. A power series model is employed to represent the channel model, giving special attention to the channels with a null in the passband. The effect of staggering the symbols on the performance of modems with and without an adaptive equalizer is provided. With a deep null in the passband of the channel, the performance of QPR modems is slightly worse than SQPR modems, while QPSK systems significantly outperform SQPSK systems. The general conclusion that a decision feedback equalizer is required for a robust performance by each modem is reached.     

利用自适应均衡滤波器改善大气湍流信道OWC性能

光无线通信是近年来无线通信领域的研究热点之一。大气湍流是影响光无线通信的重要因素,特别是在高速数字通信中会产生严重的码间干扰。本文分析了大气湍流信道的特性,提出采用自适应LMS均衡技术改善大气湍流信道的性能,对采用OOK调制方式的OWC系统均衡前后的误码率性能进行了分析比较。仿真结果表明自适应LMS均衡技术可以将系统的性能提高约10dB。     

An efficient low-complexity technique for MLSE equalizers for linear and nonlinear channels

In this paper, a novel sequence equalizer, which belongs to the family of cluster-based sequence equalizers, is presented. The proposed algorithm achieves the maximum likelihood solution to the equalization problem in a fraction of computational load, compared with the classic maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) equalizers. The new method does not require the estimation of the channel impulse response. Instead, it utilizes the estimates of the cluster centers formed by the received observations. Furthermore, a new cluster center estimation scheme, which exploits the intrinsic dependencies among the cluster centers, is proposed. The new center estimation method exhibits enhanced performance with respect to convergence speed, compared with an LMS-based channel estimator. Moreover, this gain in performance is obtained at substantially lower computational load. The method is also extended in order to cope with nonlinear channels. The performance of the new equalizer is tested with several simulation examples, using both the quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and the 16-quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) signaling schemes for linear and nonlinear communication channels.     

Application of Recurrent Wavelet Neural Networks to the Digital Communications Channel Blind Equalization

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A decision feedback recurrent neural equalizer as an infiniteimpulse response filter

An adaptive decision feedback recurrent neural equalizer (DFRNE), which models a kind of an IIR structure, is proposed. Its performance is compared with the traditional linear and nonlinear equalizers with FIR structures for various communication channels. The small size and high performance of the DFRNE makes it suitable for high-speed channel equalization     

A decision-feedback equalizer with pattern-dependent feedback formagnetic recording channels

A new nonlinear equalizer for high-density magnetic recording channels is presented. It has a structure of the decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) with a nonlinear model at the feedback section and a dynamic threshold detector. The feedback nonlinear model is a sequence of look-up tables (LUTs) indexed by time, and each table is addressed by a transition pattern formed by one future and ν past transitions. We call this new nonlinear equalizer the pattern-dependent DFE (PDFE). The feedback nonlinear model cancels the trailing nonlinear intersymbol interference (ISI), and then the data decision is made by considering the precursor nonlinear ISI caused by one future symbol. We propose a tap optimization criterion SNR_d for the PDFE which in effect tries to maximize the output signal to noise ratio, and derive a closed-form solution for the tap values. We compare the detection performance of PDFE with that of the DFE and the RAM-DFE on experimental channels. The RAM-DFE is a DFE with one large LUT at its feedback section. The results show that the PDFE yields a significant performance improvement over the DFE and the RAM-DFE. Also the PDFE derived in this paper achieves a superior performance compared with the PDFE derived by the minimum mean-square-error criterion     

Analysis of LMS-adaptive MLSE equalization on multipath fadingchannels

We consider a practical maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) equalizer on multipath fading channels in conjunction with an adaptive channel estimator consisting of a least mean square (LMS) estimator and a linear channel predictor, instead of assuming perfect channel estimates. A new LMS estimator model is proposed which can accurately characterize the statistical behavior of the LMS estimator over multipath fading channels. Based on this model, a new upper-bound on block error rate is derived under the consideration of imperfect channel estimates. Computer simulations verify that our analytical results can correctly predict the real system performance and are applicable over a wide range of the step size parameter of the LMS estimator     

An adaptive truncated MLSE receiver for Japanese personal digitalcellular

This paper describes a dual-mode Japanese personal digital cellular receiver that uses an adaptive truncated symbol-spaced maximum-likelihood sequence-estimation (MLSE) equalizer in one mode and a tangent type differential detector in the other. The receiver employs a channel estimation and symbol synchronization procedure that uses the known phase shifts between successive symbols in the synchronization word. Per-survivor processing is used to track the channel variations and carrier frequency offset. Simulation results are presented for multipath Rayleigh fading channels having various delay profiles. Comparisons between the regular symbol-spaced truncated MLSE equalizer and a fractionally spaced truncated MLSE equalizer are also furnished