交流磁场对过共晶Al-Fe合金初生相的影响

利用XRD和OM研究了交流磁场对过共晶Al-2.55%Fe合金初生相的影响。结果表明:交流磁场不会改变过共晶Al-2.55%Fe合金初生相的类型,有无交流磁场作用下,初生相均为Al3Fe相,但交流磁场能显著改变初生Al3Fe相的分布和形貌。无磁场条件下,初生Al3Fe相在重力的作用下均匀分布在样品的底部,呈细小颗粒状。而在交流磁场的作用下,除了少部分细小颗粒状的初生Al3Fe相在样品底部呈金字塔状分布外,大部分初生Al3Fe相出现在样品的顶端边沿处,沿径向呈三角形分布。同时,顶部初生Al3Fe的相形貌由原来的细小颗粒状变为大的块状和棒状。随着磁感应强度的增大,交流磁场对初生Al3Fe相分布和形貌的影响增大,顶部初生Al3Fe相的含量增多。交流磁场对过共晶Al-2.55%Fe合金初生相分布和形貌的影响,主要是由交流磁场产生的Lorentz力和磁力共同作用的结果。     

Al-7.7Ca共晶合金凝固组织的悬浮冷速控制

基于自动化控制理念,通过对共晶合金的悬浮冷速控制,提出了悬浮冷速控制方程,并分析了不同冷速条件下的凝固组织和生长机理。结果表明:冷速控制方程可以准确的反映冷却速率与激光速率的关系。伴随冷速的增加,Al-7.7Ca合金的气动悬浮凝固组织由规则的层片状共晶组织转变为不规则的粒状共晶组织。粒状共晶组织和层片共晶组织分别为快速凝固和缓慢凝固的产物。     

交流磁场对过共晶Al-2.89%Fe合金中含铁相分布的影响

在交流磁场作用下,过共晶Al-2．89％Fe（质量分数,％）合金中含铁相向样品的中心处富集．这是由于Al3Fe相的磁化率大于熔融铝的磁化率,使得Al3Fe相与铝基体相比受到指向试样轴线处更大的电磁力,从而聚集在试样中心．X射线衍射结果表明,在无磁场和交流磁场条件下,含铁相中只含有A13Fe相．交流磁场改变了析出相的分布,但没有改变析出相的类型．     

交流磁场致Al-Fe亚共晶合金熔体热电势变化的研究

研究了不同温度、不同励磁电流、不同磁场频率和不同加载时间条件下,交流磁场对Al-0.99%Fe(质量分数)亚共晶合金熔体热电势差(U)和熔体微观结构的影响。结果表明:交流磁场加载过程中,Al-0.99%Fe亚共晶合金熔体的U逐渐减小,交流磁场撤除后,减小的U经历了快速恢复和缓慢恢复过程。不同温度下,交流磁场对Al-0.99%Fe亚共晶合金熔体U的影响程度不同;随着磁场频率的增大,交流磁场对Al-0.99%Fe亚共晶合金熔体U的影响逐渐减小;随着励磁电流和加载时间的增大,交流磁场对Al-0.99%Fe亚共晶合金熔体U的影响逐渐增大,但存在一个饱和加载时间。交流磁场导致Al-0.99%Fe亚共晶合金熔体的U变化与合金熔体淬火凝固组织中初生a-Al相尺寸变化之间存在相关性,因而可以用U的变化来表征交流磁场对Al-0.99%Fe亚共晶合金熔体微观结构的影响。     

钛和冷速对过共晶Fe-4.5B-1.0C合金组织细化的影响

借助扫描电镜和透射电镜,研究了钛和冷速对过共晶Fe-4.5B-1.0C合金显微组织的影响.该合金加入钛后,可与钢液中的碳在高温下生成大量的TiC.TiC对初生硼化物和共晶硼化物均有细化作用:一部分作为初生硼化物异质形核核心使其细化,另一部分在基体中嵌入初生硼化物阻碍其生长;嵌入初生硼化物的TiC改变了共晶硼化物依附初生硼化物的特点,使共晶硼化物分布细小均匀.初生硼化物对冷速敏感,髓冷速加快,组织细化显著.     

磁场对铁硅锰铸钢组织的影响

对硅锰铸钢在不同磁场强度和连续冷却条件下的组织及性能进行了研究。结果表明,磁场处理后可显著改变铁硅锰铸钢的显微组织,由混合型组织改变为单一的珠光体或马氏体。在弱磁场条件下,奥氏体化温度的高低及冷却速度的快慢对试验钢组织的影响与此磁场作用时间长短有关。冷速较低时弱磁场对较高温度下的相变有某种促进作用,冷速较快时则促进低温相变。     

电磁场对共晶Al-2%Fe合金凝固组织的影响

在共晶Al-2%Fe合金凝固过程中分别施加旋转磁场和脉冲磁场,检测了未施加和施加磁场的合金凝固后的宏观和微观组织,以研究电磁场对合金凝固组织的影响。结果表明:未施加电磁场凝固的共晶Al-2%Fe合金的组织较粗大,Al_3Fe相为针状和"X"状;施加旋转磁场凝固的合金组织明显细化,由于受到电磁力的作用,使"X"形Al_3Fe相破碎成针状,并在铸型壁富集,形成大块状Al_3Fe相;施加脉冲磁场凝固的合金,铸型壁的激冷晶和树枝晶由于电磁力的作用而破碎,在铸锭中心形成柱状晶和细小的等轴晶。     

电磁搅拌工艺对AZ31变形镁合金铸态组织的影响

采用了两种不同的电磁搅拌工艺,研究了交流磁场对AZ31变形镁合金铸态组织的影响,分析了在不同磁场条件下其凝固组织的变化。结果表明：磁感应强度越强,磁场细化合金晶粒的效果越明显。当有规律的改变磁场旋转方向,晶粒细化效果更加明显,晶界处网状的共晶组织被打断,同时晶内及晶界处出现大量近似岛状的共晶质点。     

电磁场对Al-18%Si合金凝固组织的影响

研究了在Al-18%Si过共晶铝合金凝固过程的不同温度施加不同的磁场,对合金凝固组织的影响。结果表明:随着施加直流磁场温度的降低,初生Si变得越来越长,共晶组织也变得越来越细密;随着施加交流磁场温度的降低,初生Si变得越来越粗大,共晶组织无明显变化。     

冷却速度对Zn-Al-Mg合金组织及腐蚀性能的影响

研究了不同冷速下Zn+6%Al+3%Mg合金原始镀液凝固组织和形貌的变化,并对不同冷速下合金的耐腐蚀性能进行了分析。结果表明,不同冷速条件下,合金中出现先析出相Al、Al和Zn、Al/Mg Zn2共晶组织、Zn/Al/Mg Zn2三元共晶组织,但炉冷,水冷下还生成了Zn/Al/Mg Zn11三元共晶。随冷却速度增加,晶粒尺寸愈加细小。空冷下合金耐腐蚀性能相对较好,炉冷相对较差,这与其晶粒度和Mg2Zn11相有关。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.