La0.67Sr0.33MnO3中Bi的掺杂效应

将Bi2O3掺杂到用溶胶—凝胶法制备的La0.6Sr0．33MnO3(LSMO)微粉中,XRD测量结果证实有过量的Bi析出。随着Bi掺杂量的增加,LSMO／(Bi2O3)x/2材料电阻率发生明显变化,在x=(0—0．10)摩尔比的掺杂范围内,电阻率先上升后突然下降。当X=0．1时,电阻率比未掺杂样品下降了一个数量级。Bi掺杂对低温和室温磁电阻有着完全不同的影响。低温下,随掺杂量增加,磁电阻下降;室温下Bi的微量掺杂可以使磁电阻增大,掺入x=0.03Bi使室温磁电阻由-4.4％提高到-5．6％。     

(1-x)La2/3Ca 1/3 MnO 3/xSb2O 5复合体系的电子输运和磁电阻行为

用两步法制备了（1-x）La2／3Ca1／3MnO3／xSb2O5复合样品．零场下电阻温度关系测量表明，对x〈3％范围。随Sb2O5含量增加，复合样品电阻率增大，绝缘体一金属转变温度降低；而对x〉3％范围，随Sb2O5含量增加。复合样品电阻率减小，绝缘体一金属转变温度提高．磁电阻测量表明，少量Sb2O5同La,2／3C＆1／3MnO3复合，可明显增强磁电阻效应．     

La0.67Ba0.33MnO3中Ag的掺杂效应

在溶胶-凝胶法制备的La0.67 Ba0.33 MnO3(LBMO)微粉中掺入Ag2O粉,制成一系列(LBMO)／(Ag2O)x／2(x=0～0．35,为摩尔比)掺杂材料,实验结果发现Ag掺杂可明显降低材料的电阻率。当掺Ag量为x=0．25时,样品的电阻率达到最低值。同时在居里点附近,样品的峰值磁电阻得到显著增强。微量的Ag掺杂有助于提高样品的自旋相关隧穿磁电阻,使低场磁电阻得到显著增强。     

La0.67Sr0.33MnO3中Ag-Ti的掺杂效应

将La0.67Sr0.33MnO3（LSMO）、Ag2O及TiO2粉混合经高温烧结后制备了钙钛矿相/xAg两相复合体系（x是Ag与钙钛矿材料的物质的量比）,系统地研究了Ag-Ti的共掺杂对LSMO电性和磁电阻效应的影响.0.07摩尔比Ti4＋离子的B位掺杂使LSMO的居里温度降至室温.Ag的掺入对Tc影响不大,Tp逐渐升高.由于钙钛矿颗粒属性的改善和金属导电通道的出现,材料的电阻率明显下降.Ag掺杂使室温磁电阻得到显著增强,室温下从x=0.30样品中得到最大的磁电阻,约为32%,是La0.67Sr0.33MnO3样品的8倍,La0.67Sr0.33Mn0.93Ti0.07O3样品的1.6倍.     

Ti掺杂对La0.67Ba0.33MnO3磁性和磁电阻影响

系统地研究了Ti掺杂对La0.67Ba0．33MnO3颗粒材料磁性、电性和磁电阻效应的影响，随着Ti含量的增加，材料的磁化强度和居里温度快速下降，电阻率急剧增大，电阻率的峰值逐渐向低温移动。Ti的掺杂对材料低温下低场磁电阻影响不大，主要是显著提高了材料的本征磁电阻。1％的Ti掺杂使材料的室温磁电阻得到显著增强，1T磁场下，室温磁电阻达到-8．4％，比未掺杂的La0.67Ba0．33MnO3材料增强了50％。     

不同酸对γ-Fe_2O_3/SiO_2纳米复合粉体特性的影响

以正硅酸乙酯及铁盐为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备γ-Fe2O3/SiO2纳米复合粉体。采用红外吸收光谱、X射线衍射仪、透射电镜及振动样品磁强计等对复合粉体进行表征。结果表明:以不同铁盐为前驱体得到不同晶型的Fe2O3;不同酸对磁性复合粉体的性能有重要影响:加硝酸时,γ-Fe2O3大小为15nm,其饱和磁化强度大;加入醋酸时得到的γ-Fe2O3颗粒为5nm,且粒度分布变窄,但其饱和磁化强度明显下降;并对γ-Fe2O3在SiO2中的合成机理进行了探讨。     

纳米γ-Fe2O3粒子的制备及其磁性能研究

以纳米Fe304粒子为原料，通过空气氧化法，制备出了具有不同磁性能的球形和立方形纳米γ-Fe2O3粒子，研究了纳米γ-Fe2O3粒子的磁性能及其在交变磁场下的发热性能，对其在定向集热治疗肿瘤中的应用前景进行了评价。纳米γ-Fe2O3粒子的比饱和磁化强度为44.18～69．84A·m^2／kg，矫顽力为（13～17）×79，6A/m。纳米γ-Fe2O3粒子含量为20mg／ml时，在外加交变磁场作用下15min后，纳米γ-Fe2O3粒子生理盐水悬浮液的温度为38．6～54．4℃，随着纳米γ-Fe2O3粒子比饱和磁化强度的增加，其在交变磁场中所达到的最高温度增大，有3种纳米γ-Fe2O3粒子达到了医学上定向集热治疗肿瘤用热籽的发热要求，纳米γ-Fe2O3粒子是很有应用前景的医用纳米材料。     

硅油基γ-Fe_2O_3和Fe_3O_4复合磁流体的制备及表征

以FeCl3·6H2O和FeSO4·7H2O为铁源,采用化学共沉淀法制备纳米级Fe3O4磁颗粒,并用油酸钠对其进行表面包覆;将包覆后的Fe3O4磁颗粒在真空干燥箱中加热氧化,通过氧化时间的控制得到部分氧化的γ-Fe2O3/Fe3O4复合磁性颗粒以及完全氧化的γ-Fe2O3磁性颗粒;以硅油为载液制备出Fe3O4磁流体A、γ-Fe2O3磁流体B、部分氧化的γ-Fe2O3/Fe3O4复合磁流体C。研究发现Fe3O4磁颗粒尺寸分布较窄,尺寸的单分散性好,平均粒径在10nm左右,整体上呈现为类球形;Fe3O4磁颗粒部分和完全氧化制得的磁颗粒的粒径和形貌并无明显变化,粒径仍为10nm左右,整体上也呈现为类球形。测试结果表明,样品A、B和C的饱和磁化强度分别达到12.45,14.25和25.08A·m2/kg,且它们在外加磁场下均呈现出良好的各向异性。     

(La2/3Ca1/3)(Mn(3-x)/3)Fex/3)O3体系磁电阻行为的研究

通过系统地测量（La2/3Ca1/3）（Mn（3-x）／3Fex／3）O3（x＝0、0.1、0．2、0．3的体系样品的电阻率-温度关系以及一定温度下磁电阻率与磁场的关系,发现随x的变化其磁电阻率峰和电阻率峰均发生位移,磁电阻率峰值增大,并伴生磁电阻率峰展宽效应．作者认为由于Fe的替代,引起体系中Mn3 ／Mn4 比率及磁矩的变化,加之外场对磁有序结构的调制作用,从而影响了Mn3 －O－Mn4 的双交换作用,最终导致磁电阻行为发生变化．     

γ-Fe2O3响应苯类气体敏感材料特性研究

从电导控制理论,对掺钇、硫酸根离子等多元化、微结构γ-Fe2O3的热稳定性、响应苯类气体敏感性及其对相邻气体的高选择性,进行了系统研究与机理分析,并用DTA、TEM、RQ-1等方法进行表征与测量.结果表明,掺入适量Y2O3后能使γ-Fe2O3的相变温度提高到618℃,从而改善γ-Fe2O3基气敏元件的热稳定性;硫酸根离子和金离子的适量掺杂有助于提高苯类气体的敏感特性;γ-Fe2O3基体材料的微细化可增强γ-Fe2O3的表面气敏特性.从而为苯类有机气体敏感元件研制提供了一条新途径.     

Photostriction of CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite Crystals

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials exhibit a variety of physical properties. Pronounced coupling between phonon, organic cations, and the inorganic framework suggest that these materials exhibit strong light–matter interactions. The photoinduced strain of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is investigated using high‐resolution and contactless in situ Raman spectroscopy. Under illumination, the material exhibits large blue shifts in its Raman spectra that indicate significant structural deformations (i.e., photostriction). From these shifts, the photostrictive coefficient of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is calculated as 2.08 × 10^?8 m² W^?1 at room temperature under visible light illumination. The significant photostriction of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is attributed to a combination of the photovoltaic effect and translational symmetry loss of the molecular configuration via strong translation–rotation coupling. Unlike CH₃NH₃PbI₃, it is noted that the photostriction of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is extremely stable, demonstrating no signs of optical decay for at least 30 d. These results suggest the potential of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ for applications in next‐generation optical micro‐electromechanical devices.     

Constitution of the Ni3Cr-Ni3Al-Ni3W system

Isothermal sections of the Ni-Cr-Al-W system have been investigated at 75 at % Ni and temperatures of 1523 and 1273 K, by means of phase compositional analysis, X-ray diffraction and microscopical examination. The alloys studied lay in the range 2.5 to 10 at % Cr, 12.5 to 20 at% Al, 2.5 to 6.25 at % W, The phases formed were, and the bcc solid solution based on tungsten (designated ₂). The maximum extent of the region was found to be 3 at % each of chromium and tungsten. Preferential partitioning of tungsten to occurred. Study of an Ni-10Cr-12.5Al-2.5W alloy aged at 1273 and 1073 K, after quenching from 1573 K, showed that changes in and compositions and lattice parameters occur as a function of ageing time.     

(La2/3Ca1/3)(Mn(3-x)/3)Fex/3)O3体系磁电阻行为的研究

通过系统地测量（La_2/3Ca_1/3）（Mn_{（3-x）／3}Fe_x／3）O₃（x＝0、0.1、0．2、0．3的体系样品的电阻率-温度关系以及一定温度下磁电阻率与磁场的关系,发现随x的变化其磁电阻率峰和电阻率峰均发生位移,磁电阻率峰值增大,并伴生磁电阻率峰展宽效应．作者认为由于Fe的替代,引起体系中Mn³⁺／Mn⁴⁺比率及磁矩的变化,加之外场对磁有序结构的调制作用,从而影响了Mn³⁺－O^－Mn⁴⁺的双交换作用,最终导致磁电阻行为发生变化．     

PbZrO3-CdTiO3 solid solutions

The structural, nonlinear optical, and dielectric properties of (1-x)PbZrO₃ ·xtCdTiO₃ solid solutions were studied. The phase relations in the composition rangesx = 0–0.3 and 0.85-1.0 were established. The results suggest that the ferrielectric ordering in CdTiO₃ persists up to 730 K.     

3 Cr3 Mo3 VNb 在热冲孔中的应用研究

高合金钢热冲孔冲头寿命关系到模具与产品成本、生产效率、自动化设备的使用,因此,应注重冲头的选材、材料制备与冲头制造工艺。 用 3 Cr3Mo3 VNb 作为高合金钢热冲孔冲头,为提高模具寿命,在材料制备上,优化了成分,采用电渣重熔冶炼,减少杂质,毛坯锻造两次,用大锻造比锻造,冲头热处理用真空炉,三次回火,热处理硬度取 HRC42 ~ 46 ,冲头表面处理采用镀铬工艺,开展了热冲孔工艺试验。 结果表明,用3 Cr3Mo3 VNb 可使冲孔冲头寿命平均达到 800 件以上。     

Phase equilibria in the system LaMnO3 + δ-SrMnO3-LaFeO3-SrFeO3 − d

We have revealed the formation of a continuous series of orthorhombic LaMn_{1 ? y} Fe_yO₃ solid solutions (0<y<1); La_{1 ? x} Sr_xFeO₃ solid solutions in the composition range 0 < x ≤ 0.8, with an orthorhombic structure at 0 < x ≤ 0.6 and a cubic structure at 0.6 < x ≤ 0.8; and a tetragonal SrMn_{1 ? y} Fe_yO₃ phase in the range 0.6 ≤ y ≤ 1. The composition stability limits of the perovskite phase La_{1 ? x} Sr_xMn_{1 ? y} Fe_yO₃ have been determined, and the 1100°C isotherm of the La₂O₃-SrO-Mn₃O₄-Fe₂O₃ system in air has been constructed.     

Multicolor up-conversion emissions of Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+ tri-doped YF3 phosphors

Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+ tri-doped yttrium fluoride (YF3) phosphors were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. X-ray topographic analysis found that the phosphors were crystallized products. Their sizes and morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi S-4800), which indicated that most of the YF3 phosphors were hundreds of nanometers in size. Up-conversion (UC) spectra were recorded under 980-nm diode laser excitation at room temperature with a fluorescence spectrometer (Hitachi F-4500). Plenty of UC emissions of Tm3+ and Er3+ were observed from ultraviolet to red. For Tm3+ ions, a five-photon process (approximately 291 nm and approximately 347 nm), a four-photon process (approximately 362 nm and approximately 452 nm), and a three-photon process (approximately 475 nm) were identified in the UC spectra. The UC emissions from the Er3+ were: approximately 380 nm, approximately 408 nm, approximately 521 nm, approximately 537 nm, and approximately 652 nm. Therefore, cyan-white light can be observed by the naked eye at 980-nm excitation, even under low excitation power density. By comparing the UC spectra of the phosphors annealed at different temperatures, we found that the intensity of the UC luminescence increased as annealing temperature increased. Furthermore, the spectral dependencies on Tm3+ doped concentrations were studied. The energy transfer processes and fluorescence dynamics in the tri-doped system are currently being investigated.