PETROLEUM POTENTIAL, THERMAL MATURITY AND THE OIL WINDOW OF OIL SHALES AND COALS IN CENOZOIC RIFT BASINS, CENTRAL AND NORTHERN THAILAND

Oil shales and coals occur in Cenozoic rift basins in central and northern Thailand. Thermally immature outcrops of these rocks may constitute analogues for source rocks which have generated oil in several of these rift basins. A total of 56 oil shale and coal samples were collected from eight different basins and analysed in detail in this study. The samples were analysed for their content of total organic carbon (TOC) and elemental composition. Source rock quality was determined by Rock‐Eval pyrolysis. Reflected light microscopy was used to analyse the organic matter (maceral) composition of the rocks, and the thermal maturity was determined by vitrinite reflectance (VR) measurements. In addition to the 56 samples, VR measurements were carried out in three wells from two oil‐producing basins and VR gradients were constructed. Rock‐Eval screening data from one of the wells is also presented. The oil shales were deposited in freshwater (to brackish) lakes with a high preservation potential (TOC contents up to 44.18 wt%). They contain abundant lamalginite and principally algal‐derived fluorescing amorphous organic matter followed by liptodetrinite and telalginite (Botryococcus‐type). Huminite may be present in subordinate amounts. The coals are completely dominated by huminite and were formed in freshwater mires. VR values from 0.38 to 0.47%R_o show that the exposed coals are thermally immature. VR values from the associated oil shales are suppressed by 0.11 to 0.28%R_o. The oil shales have H/C ratios >1.43, and Hydrogen Index (HI) values are generally >400 mg HC/g TOC and may reach 704 mg HC/ gTOC. In general, the coals have H/C ratios between about 0.80 and 0.90, and the HI values vary considerably from approximately 50 to 300 mg HC/gTOC. The HI_max of the coals, which represent the true source rock potential, range from ～160 to 310 mg HC/g TOC indicating a potential for oil/gas and oil generation. The steep VR curves from the oil‐producing basins reflect high geothermal gradients of ～62°C/km and ～92°C/km. The depth to the top oil window for the oil shales at a VR of ～0.70%R_o is determined to be between ～1100 m and 1800 m depending on the geothermal gradient. The kerogen composition of the oil shales and the high geothermal gradients result in narrow oil windows, possibly spanning only ～300 to 400 m in the warmest basins. The effective oil window of the coals is estimated to start from ～0.82 to 0.98%R_o and burial depths of ～1300 to 1400 m (～92°C/km) and ～2100 to 2300 m (～62°C/km) are necessary for efficient oil expulsion to occur.     

ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF BARENTS SEA PETROLEUM: THERMAL MATURITY AND ALTERATION AND MIXING PROCESSES IN OILS AND CONDENSATES

The petroleum system in the Barents Sea is complex with numerous source rocks and multiple uplift events resulting in the remigration and mixing of petroleum. In order to investigate the degree of mixing, 50 oil and condensate samples from 30 wells in the SW Barents Sea were geochemically analysed by GC‐FID and GC‐MS to evaluate their thermal maturity and secondary alteration signatures. Saturated and aromatic compounds from C₁₄–C₁₈ and biomarker range (C₂₀₊) hydrocarbons were compared with light (C₄‐C₈) hydrocarbon alteration and maturity signatures from a previous study. The geochemical data demonstrate that petroleum generation occurred from the early‐ to late‐oil/condensate window, correlating to calculated vitrinite reflection values of between 0.7%R_c and 1.9%R_c. Two maturation traits are in general present in the oil samples analysed and indicate mixing of petroleum phases: a C₂₀₊ fraction which represents a possible “black‐oil ‐related” signature; and a C_20‐ fraction, which is probably a more recent oil charge. However, maturity variations are less pronounced in condensates, which in general exhibit higher generation temperatures than oils but are influenced by severe phase fractionation effects. The samples are characterised by diverse biodegradation signatures including depletion of C_15‐ saturated compounds, almost complete removal of n‐alkanes, elevated Pr/n‐C₁₇ values, high 17α(H), 25‐norhopane content, and a reverse trend in methylated naphthalene distribution. However, the presence of the more recent, unaltered light hydrocarbon charge together with the oil with a palaeo‐biodegraded signature is clear evidence that mixing has occurred. A cross‐plot of C₂₄‐tetracyclic terpane/C₃₀αβ‐hopane versus C₂₃‐C₂₉‐tricyclic terpane/C₃₀αβ‐hopane can be used to discriminate between Palaeozoic/Triassic and Jurassic‐generated petroleums in the Barents Sea region, since it appears to be maturity independent.     

COMPOSITION AND PETROLEUM POTENTIAL OF LAKE FACIES IN THE FA-MS-48-73 WELL, MAE SOON STRUCTURE, FANG OILFIELD, NORTHERN THAILAND

The Fang Basin is one of a series of Cenozoic rift‐related structures in northern Thailand. The Fang oilfield includes a number of structures including the Mae Soon anticline on which well FA‐MS‐48‐73 was drilled, encountering oil‐filled sandstone reservoirs at several levels. Cuttings samples were collected from the well between depths of 532 and 1146 m and were analysed for their content of total organic carbon (TOC, wt%), total carbon (TC, wt%) and total sulphur (TS, wt%); the petroleum generation potential was determined by Rock‐Eval pyrolysis. Organic petrography was performed in order to determine qualitatively the organic composition of selected samples, and the thermal maturity of the rocks was established by vitrinite reflectance (VR) measurements in oil immersion. The TOC content ranges from 0.75 to 2.22 wt% with an average of 1.43 wt%. The TS content is variable with values ranging from 0.12 to 0.63 wt%. Rock‐Eval derived S₁ and S₂ yields range from 0.01–0.20 mg HC/g rock and 1.41–9.51 mg HC/g rock, respectively. The HI values range from 140 to 428 mg HC/g TOC, but the majority of the samples have HI values >200 mg HC/g TOC and about one‐third of the samples have HI values above 300 mg HC/g TOC. The drilled section thus possesses a fair to good potential for mixed oil/gas and oil generation. On an HI/T_max diagram, the organic matter is classified as Type II and III kerogen. The organic matter consists mainly of telalginite (Botryococcus‐type), lamalginite, fluorescing amorphous organic matter (AOM) and liptodetrinite which combined with various TS‐plots suggest deposition in a freshwater lacustrine environment with mild oxidising conditions. T_max values range from 419 to 436°C, averaging 429°C, and VR values range from ～0.38 to 0.66% R₀, indicating that the drilled source rocks are thermally immature with respect to petroleum generation. The encountered oils were thus generated by more deeply buried source rocks.     

南海北部新生代盆地构造迁移及其对烃源岩的制约作用

南海处于欧亚、太平洋、印-澳三大板块的交汇处，是在太平洋板块俯冲和印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞共同作用下经过扩张形成的。南海北部自西向东依次分布着北部湾盆地、莺歌海盆地、琼东南盆地、珠江口盆地、台西南盆地、台西盆地等多个新生代被动陆缘盆地，这些盆地虽然同样都经历了大致相当的从裂陷到拗陷的构造演化史，但在张裂活动过程中存在着明显的构造迁移现象，构造沉降特征分析显示：在西半部的北部湾盆地、莺歌海盆地、琼东南盆地3个盆地中，构造活动自北而南迁移；在东半部的珠江口盆地、台西南盆地、台西盆地3个盆地中，自西向东有构造事件发生时间逐步变晚的趋势。这种迁移现象对烃源岩的形成、分布及生烃特征等方面有明显的控制作用，表现为：西半部的莺歌海盆地、琼东南盆地比北部湾盆地沉降幅度大，烃源岩发育规模也较大，具有更大的生烃潜力和更好的油气勘探前景；在东半部珠江口盆地、台西南盆地、台西盆地中，自西向东有烃源岩发育层位偏上、发育规模逐渐减小、埋藏深度逐渐减小的趋势，所以台西南盆地、台西盆地油气前景不如珠江口盆地。     

GEOCHEMISTRY OF CRUDE OILS,SEEPAGE OILS AND SOURCE ROCKS FROM BELIZE AND GUATEMALA: INDICATIONS OF CARBONATE‐SOURCED PETROLEUM SYSTEMS

This study reviews the stratigraphy and the poorly documented petroleum geology of the Belize‐Guatemala area in northern Central America. Guatemala is divided by the east‐west trending La Libertad arch into the North and South Petén Basins. The arch is the westward continuation of the Maya Mountains fault block in central Belize which separates the Corozal Basin in northern Belize from the Belize Basin to the south. Numerous petroleum seeps have been reported in both of these basins. Small‐scale oil production takes place in the Corozal Basin and the North and South Petén Basins. For this study, samples of crude oil, seepage oil and potential source rocks were collected from both countries and were investigated by organic geochemical analyses and microscopy. The oil samples consisted of non‐biodegraded crude oils and slightly to severely biodegraded seepage oils, both of which were generated from source rocks with similar thermal maturities. The crude oils were generated from marine carbonate source rocks and could be divided into three groups: Group 1 oils come from the North Petén Basin (Guatemala) and the western part of the Corozal Basin (Belize), and have a typical carbonate‐sourced geochemical composition. The oils correlate with extracts of organic‐rich limestones assigned to the Upper Cretaceous “Xan horizon” in the Xan oilfield in the North Petén Basin. The oils were generated from a single source facies in the North Petén Basin, but were charged from two different sub‐basins. Group 2 oils comprise crudes from the South Petén Basin. They have characteristics typical of carbonate‐sourced oils, but these characteristics are less pronounced than those of Group 1 oils. A mixed marine/lacustrine source facies deposited under strongly reducing conditions in a local kitchen area is inferred. Group 3 oils come from the Corozal Basin, Belize. A carbonate but also a more “shaly” source rock composition for these oils is inferred. A severely biodegraded seepage oil from Belmopan, the capital of Belize, resembles a nearby crude oil. The eastern sub‐basin in the North Petén Basin may potentially be the kitchen area for these oils, and for the seepage oils found in the western part of the Corozal Basin. The seepage oils from the Corozal and Belize Basins are moderately to severely biodegraded and were generated from carbonate source rocks. Some of the seepage oils have identical C_27–29 sterane distributions to the Group 2 oils, but “biodegradation insensitive” biomarker ratios show that the seepage oils can be divided into separate sub‐groups. Severely and slightly biodegraded seepage oils in the Belize Basin were probably almost identical prior to biodegradation. Lower Cretaceous limestones from the Belize Basin have petroleum generation potential, but the samples are immature. The kitchen for the seepage oils in the Belize Basin remains unknown.     

塔里木盆地新生代构造演化与油气聚集

塔里木盆地是长期演化发展的复合前陆盆地，新生代经历了早第三纪构造宁静期、中新世构造重要发展和上新世－早更新世构造形成期。构造变形以印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞及持续挤压推移为背景，以褶皱－冲断发育及快速构造沉降为特征，新生代构造运动加速烃源岩热演化，形成大量断相关褶皱，改变了油气运聚条件，形成大量油气藏。     

原油中烷基萘的形成机理及其成熟度参数应用

原油和沉积有机质中烷基萘系列主要通过异构化反应和歧化反应生成,并可用芳香烃的亲电取代反应历程进行解释,所生成各种异构体的相对含量受“电子效应”和“空间效应”的控制。多甲基萘系列地球化学参数,对于原油及沉积有机质的成熟度、生物降解作用和生源组成具有表征意义。渤海湾盆地大民屯凹陷原油样品中的多甲基取代萘系列分析结果表明,在常规的甾萜类异构化作用达到平衡终点的情况下,多甲基萘取代系列地球化学参数仍能反映出大民屯凹陷高蜡油成熟度比正常油偏低,并与该区的石油地质背景和盆地模拟结果相吻合,表明多甲基萘系列相关的地球化学参数是一类非常有用的地球化学指标。     

塔里木盆地塔河油田原油中双金刚烷分布特征与油气运移

研究了塔里木盆地塔河油田原油中双金刚烷的分布特征，探讨了该油田油气的充注期次和运移方向，结果表明，原油中双金刚烷指标值反映了原油的成熟度，并且指示研究区4区和6区原油充注时间较早、9区原油充注时间较晚，其它油区原油充注时间介于上述二者之间；原油中双金刚烷指标值分布特征显示出塔河油田下奥陶统油气存在2个充注方向，一是由南向北，并且油气成熟度相对较低，可能主要代表了早期的油气运移，另一个是由东向西，原油成熟度相对较高，可能主要代表了晚期的油气运移。根据原油成熟度和运移方向特征，认为塔河油田的早期油气起源于满加尔坳陷，晚期油气起源于满加尔坳陷和草湖坳陷，主力烃源岩层为寒武-奥陶系。     

珠江口盆地白云凹陷烃源岩热史及成熟史模拟

珠江口盆地白云凹陷文昌组和恩平组陆相烃源岩热史及成熟史研究对白云凹陷深水油气勘探具有指导意义。在恢复白云凹陷地史和热史的基础上,利用EASY%R_o模型计算了白云凹陷西凹、主凹和东凹文昌组和恩平组两套烃源岩的成熟度史,并分别对比文昌组和恩平组烃源岩在白云凹陷西凹、主凹和东凹成熟度演化特征。研究结果表明:1)自始新世早期起白云凹陷热流值持续上升,在距今约44Ma时达到最大值大约为77mW/m²,现今热流值为60mW/m²左右。2)白云凹陷西凹、主凹和东凹文昌组烃源岩开始生烃(R_o=0.5%)时间分别为距今43,44,35Ma,达到生烃高峰(R_o=1.0%)时间分别为距今30,35,17Ma,达到高成熟(R_o=1.3%)时间分别为距今25,33,13Ma;而恩平组烃源岩开始生烃时间分别为距今20,30,22Ma,达到生烃高峰时间分别为距今10,22,8Ma,达到高成熟时间分别为距今8,17,0Ma。3)白云凹陷主凹烃源岩生烃时间最早,主生油期时间短,热演化程度最高;东凹烃源岩生烃时间最晚,主生油期时间长,热演化程度最低。     

BIOMARKER GEOCHEMISTRY OF PALEOGENE CRUDE OILS AND SOURCE ROCKS FROM THE RAOYANG SAG,BOHAI BAY BASIN,NE CHINA: AN OIL – SOURCE ROCK CORRELATION STUDY

This study presents a systematic geochemical analysis of Paleogene crude oils and source rocks from the Raoyang Sag in the Jizhong sub-basin of the Bohai Bay Basin (NE China). The geochemical characteristics of fifty-three oil samples from wells in four sub-sags were analysed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty core samples of mudstones from Members 1 and 3 of the Eocene-Oligocene Shahejie Formation were investigated for total organic carbon (TOC) content and by Rock-Eval pyrolysis and GC-MS to study their geochemistry and hydrocarbon generation potential. The oils were tentatively correlated to the source rocks. The results show that three groups of crude oils can be identified. Group I oils are characterized by high values of the gammacerane index and low values of the ratios of Pr/Ph, Ts/Tm, 20S/(20S+20R) C₂₉ steranes, ββ/(ββ+αα) C₂₉ steranes, C₂₇ diasteranes/ C₂₇ regular steranes and C₂₇/C₂₉ steranes. These oils have the lowest maturity and are interpreted to have originated from a source rock containing mixed organic matter deposited in an anoxic saline lacustrine environment. The biomarker parameter values of Group III oils are the opposite to those in Group I, and are interpreted to indicate a highly mature, terrigenous organic matter input into source rocks which were deposited in suboxic to anoxic freshwater lacustrine conditions. The parameter values of Group II oils are between those of the oils in Groups I and III, and are interpreted to indicate that the oils were generated from mixed organic matter in source rocks deposited in an anoxic brackish–saline or saline lacustrine environment. The results of the source rock analyses show that samples from Member 1 of the Shahejie Formation were deposited in an anoxic, brackish – saline or saline lacustrine environment with mixed organic matter input and are of low maturity. Source rocks in Member 3 of the Shahejie Formation were deposited in a suboxic to anoxic, brackish – saline or freshwater lacustrine environment with a terrigenous organic matter input and are of higher maturity. Correlation between rock samples and crude oils indicates that Group I oils were probably derived from Member 1 source rocks, while Group III oils were more likely generated by Member 3 source rocks. The Group II oils with transitional characteristics are likely to have a mixed source from both sets of source rocks.     

DISTRIBUTION OF SOURCE ROCKS AND MATURITY MODELLING IN THE NORTHERN CENOZOIC SONG HONG BASIN (GULF OF TONKIN), VIETNAM

The northern offshore part of the Cenozoic Song Hong Basin in the Gulf of Tonkin (East Vietnam Sea) is at an early stage of exploration with only a few wells drilled. Oil to source rock correlation indicates that coals are responsible for the sub‐commercial oil and gas accumulations in sandstones in two of the four wells which have been drilled on faulted anticlines and flower structures. The wells are located in a narrow, structurally inverted zone with a thick predominantly deltaic Miocene succession between the Song Chay and Vinh Ninh/Song Lo fault zones. These faults are splays belonging to the offshore extension of the Red River Fault Zone. Access to a database of 3,500 km of 2D seismic data has allowed a detailed and consistent break‐down of the geological record of the northern part of the basin into chronostratigraphic events which were used as inputs to model the hydrocarbon generation history. In addition, seismic facies mapping, using the internal reflection characteristics of selected seismic sequences, has been applied to predict the lateral distribution of source rock intervals. The results based on Yükler ID basin modelling are presented as profiles and maturity maps. The robustness of the results are analysed by testing different heat flow scenarios and by transfer of the model concept to IES Petromod software to obtain a more acceptable temperature history reconstruction using the Easy%R₀ algorithm. Miocene coals in the wells located in the inverted zone between the fault splays are present in separate intervals. Seismic facies analysis suggests that the upper interval is of limited areal extent. The lower interval, of more widespread occurrence, is presently in the oil and condensate generating zones in deep synclines between inversion ridges. The Yükler modelling indicates, however, that the coaly source rock interval entered the main window prior to formation of traps as a result of Late Miocene inversion. Lacustrine mudstones, similar to the highly oil‐prone Oligocene mudstones and coals which are exposed in the Dong Ho area at the northern margin of the Song Hong Basin and on Bach Long Vi Island in Gulf of Tonkin, are interpreted to be preserved in a system of undrilled NW–SE Paleogene half‐grabens NE of the Song Lo Fault Zone. This is based on the presence of intervals with distinct, continuous, high reflection seismic amplitudes. Considerable overlap exists between the shale‐prone seismic facies and the modelled extent of the present‐day oil and condensate generating zones, suggesting that active source kitchens also exist in this part of the basin. Recently reported oil in a well located onshore (BIO‐STB‐IX) at the margin of the basin, which is sourced mainly from “Dong Ho type” lacustrine mudstones supports the presence of an additional Paleogene sourced petroleum system.     

合肥盆地中—新生界烃源岩地球化学与构造背景分析

中—新生代合肥盆地受EW向特提斯构造和NNE向滨西太平洋构造等多元构造动力的控制,具有成盆期次多、构造运动频繁、沉降量和伸展量小、卷入构造层次浅等特点。这些特点对中—新生界烃源岩的发育及其有机质的转化是不利的。而古生界应为今后勘探的重点。      

准噶尔盆地白家海凸起湖相原油与烃源岩芳烃地球化学特征

位于准尔盆地蒜部白家海凸起上的彩南油田，其原油芳烃地球化学特征与阜康凹陷原油具有同源性，与该区中、下侏罗统湖相烃源岩有密切关第。原油及烃源岩中芴含量相对较高，氧芴次之（２５％－４５％），硫芴低（６％－３５％），反映为淡水湖相环境沉积生烃。     

离子淌度-飞行时间质谱测定减压蜡油芳香分及胶质中的碱性氮化物

采用柱层析法将减压蜡油（VGO）分离为饱和分、芳香分和胶质,然后用电喷雾电离源（ESI）离子淌度-飞行时间质谱（IMS-TOF MS）对其芳香分与胶质中的碱性氮化物进行了表征,对不同来源的VGO中碱性氮化物的结构差异进行了分析。结果表明：对于不同来源的VGO样品,即使碱性氮化物不饱和程度接近,其芳环的连接方式也存在明显差异;而对于同一样品的芳香分和胶质,则存在碳数相近,但胶质中等效双键数稍低的现象。以核磁共振波谱仪异核单量子相干试验和加氢脱氮反应评价作为辅证,进一步推测了VGO中碱性氮化物的芳环侧链长度与其脱除难度之间的关联。将柱层析分离技术与ESI IMS-TOF MS联用,可以解决高蜡含量样品难以溶解的问题,并减弱强极性组分的离子化抑制作用,得到比直接进样更为全面的质谱信息。     

THE CRETACEOUS SERIES IN THE CHAD BASIN, NE NIGERIA: SOURCE ROCK POTENTIAL AND THERMAL MATURITY

The Chad Basin is the largest intracratonic basin in Africa, and one-tenth of its surface area lies in NE Nigeria. Thermal maturation (mean vitrinite reflectance) and organic-geochemical (Rock-Eval pyrolysis) studies have been carried out on Cretaceous shales from the Bima Formation, Gongila Formation and Fika Shale Formation. Samples were derived from the Kanadi and Albarka exploration wells, which are located about 76 km apart in the Nigerian sector of the Chad Basin.
The organic matter is predominantly gas prone (Type III kerogen). Its thermal maturity, assessed from vitrinite reflectance and Tmax, indicates that the Gongila Formation and the Bima Formation are within the "oil window", while the Fika Shale Formation is only partly within it. The "oil window", deduced from the mean vitrinite reflectance profile, occurs between 1,270m - 2,600m in the Kanadi well, and between 1,985m -3,690m in the Albarka well, with respective maturation gradients of 0.52 log%Rm/km (0.41%Rm/km) and 0.41 log%Rm/km (0.34%Rm/km). Eroded thicknesses amount to about 1 km.
The upper part of the Fika Shale Formation has the best source-rock potential in terms of its organic carbon content, but has low thermal maturity. The Gongila Formation is poor in organic carbon and its hydrocarbon potential may already have been exhausted. The Bima Formation is well within the "oil window", but has only limited potential as a source rock, because of the presence of clastic and inert materials. The potential for gas accumulations, however, exists.     

烃源岩游离烃裂解与高熟气的排出

年轻盆地高速沉降区常伴有厚层泥岩欠压实现象,并因排烃困难而形成很厚的烃滞留带,使其中已生成的游离烃含量可高达5000ppm以上.随着埋深加大,地热的作用使游离烃裂解成气体.根据裂解过程中氢平衡的原理,选用渤海辽东湾地区的某些参数,可计算出1m~3游离烃裂解后可形成317.94m~3的甲烷,32.59m~3乙烷,19.22m~3丙烷和一定量的残渣,因此油气转换系数为369.75m~3/m~3.根据气体状态方程,并考虑对各种因素的校正以及把理想气体状态转换到真实气体的计算中,便可计算出任何深度下游离烃裂解后所形成的巨大压力值.当孔隙总压力超过岩石的破裂压力时,气体将被释放.本文阐述了研究的原理和方法,并对辽东湾地区下第三系沙河街组三段生油岩中游离烃的裂解气开始排出及高峰期出现的深度进行了剖析.     

伊朗库姆盆地新生代油气成藏地质特征

伊朗盆地是在中新生代受古特提斯洋与新特提斯洋的扩张闭合控制下形成的被动大陆盆地。库姆盆地是伊朗盆地的一部分，在新生代构造演化主要受古新世、渐新世早期、上新世-更新世3次挤压隆升与始新世、渐新世晚期-中新世两次拉张裂解的控制，形成库姆盆地挤压型与裂谷型并存的盆地构造格局。库姆组(渐新统-中新统)是该地区目前发现的惟一储油层，油气储量丰富，油源可能来自更深地层，具有优越的储盖与圈闭条件，圈闭类型多样，决定了该地区油气藏的多样性。目前发现的油气田主要是背斜油气藏。     

全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱法分析表征重馏分油中多环芳烃化合物

建立全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱分析方法,利用该方法对重馏分油中多环芳烃进行详细表征,通过标准化合物的保留时间、质谱图和NIST谱库定性和半定量分析重馏分油中的多环芳烃和烷基取代多环芳烃,并研究结构和烷基取代基对多环芳烃加氢转化的影响。结果表明,不同结构、不同烷基取代位置和不同烷基取代数量的多环芳烃的加氢转化率有很大区别。全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱具有高分辨能力和高灵敏度,是分析表征复杂样品中目标化合物的强有力工具,将在石油的分子水平表征领域发挥重要的作用     

台湾西部地层与烃源岩潜力评估

台湾西部地区属于新生代弧后滨、浅海沉积区。本文对其地层发育及烃源岩潜力作了系统叙述。     

塔北地区不同海相源岩原油的识别

原油物性和饱和烃、芳烃分析资料表明，塔里木盆地塔北隆起一带的海相原油可分为碳酸盐岩原油和泥质岩原油。前者合硫量大于0．3％，相对较高，后者则低于0．3％。碳酸盐岩原油中重排蔬烷化合物较少，Ts／Tm和C15重排二环化合物／C15补身烷的值均小于1．0，C29和C35藿烷含量较高，含硫化合物中苯并喷吩含量相对高于二苯并噻吩。泥质岩原油的这些生物标志物组成和分布特征与碳酸盐岩原油的完全不同，反映出两类原油的源岩在沉积环境和岩性方面的差异。在轮南地区，这两类原油分布呈明显的分区性。