连续铸挤生产Al-Sr中间合金线材工艺研究

采用连续铸挤工艺生产Al-Sr中间合金线材，对Al-Sr中间合金质量的影响因素：合金化工艺、铸挤轮速度、合金液浇注温度、冷却水流量等进行研究。试验表明，采用合理的合金化工艺和N2精炼除气技术，在铸挤轮速度为15r/min，冷却水流量5L/min，合金液浇柱温度为780-800℃的情况下，Al-Sr中间合金线材表面质量好，气孔少，Al4Sr晶粒细小均匀，呈弥散分布。     

挤压铸造对Al-Sr中间合金性能及变质效果的影响

本研究采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱分析及扫描电镜(SEM)等技术,对重力铸造制坯后热挤压成Al-Sr中间合金线材与挤压铸造制坯后热挤压成Al-Sr中间合金线材中Al4Sr相的微观形貌、晶粒尺寸和断口形貌进行了对比分析。试验结果表明,挤压铸造制坯后热挤压成形Al-Sr中间合金线材中的Al4Sr相呈细小颗粒状,分布均匀,等效圆半径约为25.4μm,合金伸长率达到24.74%。塑性的提高使得中间合金线材易于加工成卷。同时,挤压铸造制坯后热挤压成形的Al-Sr中间合金线材具有较短的变质孕育期,变质效果良好。     

多级雾化锡—铅合金的大过冷和凝固

Ｓｎ－Ｐｂ合金经多级雾化后,得到平均粒度１０－２０μｍ的快速凝固粉末。采用差热分析和扫描电镜分析对Ｓｎ－Ｐｂ多级雾化粉末的过工和结构进行了研究,结果表明：多级雾化的确存在熔体的大过冷,与理论预言相吻合。     

电极感应熔炼气雾化制备Ti-6Al-4V合金粉末的性能及其表征

采用国产自行研制的无坩埚电极感应熔炼气体雾化(EIGA)设备制备Ti-6Al-4V合金粉末,实验使用环孔型和环缝型两种气雾化喷嘴,改变雾化压力和熔炼功率,设计四组工艺参数,研究雾化工艺对粉末性能的影响规律。根据激光选区熔化(SLM)对粉末的要求,将筛分得到的粒径小于53 μm的粉末进行表征,采用MASTERSIZE 2000激光粒度分析仪分析不同雾化工艺制备粉末的粒度分布,采用欧奇奥500NanoXY+HR型粒度粒形分析仪对粉末的粒形进行量化表征分析。结果表明,采用环缝型喷嘴、5 MPa的雾化压力和25 kW的熔炼功率的工艺参数组合制备的粉末效果最佳,得到的粉末粒径较小且分布集中,粉末粒度呈近似正态分布,D10、D50和D90分别为19.4 μm、31.9 μm和51.5 μm;粉末的球形度较高,粉末圆度的平均值为90.6%,欧奇奥钝度的平均值为92.7%,超过80%的粉末赘生物指数为0,卫星粉较少。通过XRD、SEM、EDS能谱和氧氮仪等手段对粉末进一步分析,发现粉末内部组织为不同取向的针状α′马氏体,空心粉含量较少,粉末成分无损耗且氧含量较低。对该粉末进行ＳＬＭ成形,成形件致密度达到99.02%,表面粗糙度为4.98 μm,显微硬度为352.5 HV0.5。     

高铝锌基合金粉末的制备及其组织与性能

研究了高铝锌基合金粉末的制备工艺及其组织与性能，采用了水雾化法和离心雾化法两种工艺制备合金粉末，并比较了两种粉末的粒度组成，松装密度，流动性及显微硬度，离心雾化粉为近似的球形，水雾化粉为不规则的多角形，两种粉末的金组织均匀为很细小的树枝晶，与同类铸造合金的金相组织相比，它们的枝晶臂间距大大减小。     

快速凝固Al—Li—Mg—Zr合金粉末粒度对组织和性能影响

研究超音雾化快速凝固Al—Li—Mg—Zr合金粉末粒度对组织和性能的影响中发现,粉末粒度越细,组织越细,合金强度越大;但粒度太细,又会导致塑性变差。试验合金粒度范围选用40—100μm为佳。     

MA制备93W-4．9Ni-2．1Fe超细预合金粉末的烧结特性研究

为了改善93W-4．9Ni-2．1Fe合金的力学性能，对MA制备93W-4．9Ni-2．1Fe超细预合金粉末的烧结特性进行了研究。采用比表面吸附法测算了预合金粉末粒度，用X射线衍射仪对粉末晶粒尺寸进行测算，扫描电镜观察球磨粉末和试样拉伸断口的形貌，用金相显微镜对试样显微组织进行观察。结果表明：球磨50h后可得到粒度为0．29gm、晶粒尺寸为25．5nm、各元素分布均匀的超细93W-4．9Ni-2．1Fe预合金粉末：球磨50h的预合金粉末在1480℃烧结90min压坯，钨晶粒呈球形或近球形；合金抗拉强度、延伸率和相对密度分别为1025．4MPa，26．47％和99．45％，合金呈钨晶粒的穿晶解理断裂和粘结相的延性撕裂。     

水气联合雾化法制备铁基预合金粉末及其在金刚石工具中的应用

采用水气联合雾化工艺制备了金刚石工具用铁基预合金粉末,对水气联合雾化法、常规水雾化法制备的预合金粉末进行物性对比,并对相应地预合金粉末烧结块的断口形貌、力学性能进行比较与分析。结果表明:水气联合雾化工艺制备的预合金粉末氧含量较低,球形度好,粉末粒度细;水气联合雾化制备的预合金粉末TZ611烧结块断口形貌呈典型的韧性断裂和沿晶断裂特征;烧结块相对密度、硬度和抗弯强度等力学性能显著提高,对金刚石颗粒把持更好。采用水气联合雾化工艺制备的预合金粉末制造的圆锯片切割更为锋利,且使用寿命为常规水雾化粉末的1.62倍。      

固液混合铸造Al-40Si合金的显微组织和力学性能

采用固液混合铸造的Al-40Si合金组织细小，合金力学性能明显优于传统铸造和半固态加工合金，并且解决了传统铸造Al-40Si合金铸件难以热加工的问题。在本工艺条件下，当添加平均粒度为120μm的粉末且粉末添加量与合金熔体质量比为1时，Al-40Si合金中的初晶硅平均粒度可控制在30μm以下；材料的室温力学性能为：σb=119.6MPa，σ0．2=105MPa，δ=1．43％。     

多级雾化锡-铅合金的大过冷和凝固

ｎＰｂ合金经多级雾化后,得到平均粒度１０～２０μｍ的快速凝固粉末。采用差热分析（ＤＴＡ）和扫描电镜分析（ＳＥＭ）对ＳｎＰｂ多级雾化粉末的过冷度和结构进行了研究,结果表明：多级雾化的确存在熔体的大过冷,与理论预言相吻合,测得的过冷度（在低冷速下）最高时超过９０Ｋ。过冷度与熔滴成分密切相关,富Ｓｎ合金过冷度大于富Ｐｂ合金。粉末的显微组织结构强烈依赖于过冷度、形核前的冷却速度和合金成分。过冷度越大,冷速越大,组织越细小均匀。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.