Overview of the Development of Chinese Printing Material Industry in 2015(Ⅰ)

正Based on the currently available data,Chinese printing material industry presented a development trend of slow growth in 2015.Paper In the first two years of 12th Five-Year Plan,the average     

An overview of the development of Chinese printing material industry in 2015(Ⅱ)

正Blanket In 2015,printing blanket production was 1.694 million square meters,2.69%increase over the previous year;total sales was 1.7358 million square meters,growth of1.99%,sales was 423.728 million yuan,down by 3.32%.Sales have increased,but sales have declined,so the sales price is falling.With the continuous improvement of the domestic printing equipment,printing process and substrate     

Investigation of the levels of N(τ)-methylhistidine in a range of pork and chicken meats

Protein bound N(τ)-methylhistidine (N-MeHis) has been suggested as an index for the estimation of muscle (meat) protein in meat and meat products. This paper examines the level of N-MeHis in a range of five pork and two chicken prime cuts together with five other pork and one chicken manufacturing cuts of meat. It is shown that whilst similar levels are present in the prime cuts there is a considerable variation in those found in the other cuts. The average N-MeHis level, expressed as μg/g fat-free connective tissue-free (FFCF) meat, was 116 for pork, 116 for chicken breast and 129 for chicken leg. From the other pork cuts investigated, only two gave levels similar to that for prime pork whilst the rest were all considerably lower. Chicken MRM gave an N-MeHis level 75% of that for (combined) leg and breast meat. Since all these meat cuts are regarded as legitimate meat materials in the UK, there would appear to be serious drawbacks to the use of N-MeHis as a quantitative index of lean meat.     

Investigation of the levels of N(τ)-Methylhistidine in a range of beef cuts and offals

Protein-bound N(τ)-methylhistidine (N-MeHis) has been suggested as an index for the estimation of muscle (meat) protein in meat and meat products. This paper examines the levels of N-MeHis in a range of six prime beef cuts together with beef flank, cheek, mechanically recovered meat (MRM) and offals. The study was undertaken by two separate laboratories using a previously reported HPLC procedure involving the conversion of N-MeHis to a fluorescent derivative. It is shown that, whilst similar N-MeHis levels are present in the prime cuts, there is considerable variation in those found in the other cuts and offals. The average N-MeHis level in six prime cuts observed at both laboratories is 122 μg/g fat-free connective tissue-free (FFCF) meat; however, flank exhibits apparently high N-MeHis levels, whilst cheek and MRM contain only approximately 70% of the level found in the prime cuts. The offals contain between 0 and 65% of the N-MeHis level found in prime cuts. The greater variability and the often lower value of the N-MeHis content of these legitimate meat materials preclude the establishment of a single realistic index for FFCF beef, and present fundamental problems for the assessment of the lean meat content of manufactured beef products by N-MeHis determination.     

The Guidance Catalogue of Promoting the Application of the First (Set of) Major Technical Equipment (2017 Edition) was Released, which Included 7 Kinds of Equipment in Papermaking Industry

正In order to implement the general requirements of Made in China 2025 on strengthening chinese equipment,continuously improve the innovation level of major technical equipment and accelerate promoting the application of the first(set of)major     

Quarter of a century of contact lens prescribing trends in the United Kingdom (1996 – 2020)

PurposeTo document contact lens prescribing trends in the United Kingdom over the past quarter of a century.MethodsAn annual survey of contact lens prescribing was conducted each year from 1996 to 2020, inclusive, by asking a random selection of optometrists and contact lens opticians to provide information relating to 10 consecutive contact lens fits between January and March.ResultsOver the 25 year survey period, 2,671 practitioners returned survey forms, reporting a total of 25,575 contact lens fits. The mean (± standard deviation) age of lens wearers was 35 ± 15 years, of which 64 % were female. Over the survey period, rigid lens new fits decreased from 22 % to 2%. The prescribing of silicone hydrogel lenses has increased steadily since their introduction towards the end of the 1990s, and now represent 80 % of soft lens fits. Soft toric lens prescribing has gradually increased to 47 % – a value at which astigmatism ≥ 0.75DC is theoretically corrected in all contact lens wearers. Daily disposable prescribing increased steadily over the survey period and now represents 63 % of lenses prescribed. Extended wear fits remain at very low levels, except for some prescribing for overnight orthokeratology. Multi-purpose lens care solutions are ubiquitous; peroxide and other systems are now seldom prescribed. Rigid lenses and monthly replacement soft lenses are predominantly worn on a full time basis, whereas daily disposable soft lenses are mainly worn part time.ConclusionsThis report documents the evolution of contact lens fitting in the United Kingdom over the past 25 years. The most likely lens fit is a spherical design silicone hydrogel daily disposable contact lens prescribed for a 35 year old female and worn on a part-time basis.     

Predominance of aqueous Tl(I) species in the river system downstream from the abandoned Carnoulès mine (Southern France)

Thallium concentration reached up to 534 μg L(-1) in the Reigous acid mine drainage downstream from the abandoned Pb-Zn Carnoule?s mine (Southern France). It decreased to 5.44 μg L(-1) in the Amous River into which the Reigous creek flows. Tl(I) predominated (>98% of total dissolved Tl) over Tl(III), mainly in the form of Tl(+). Small amounts of Tl(III) evidenced in Reigous Creek might be in the form of aqueous TlCl(2)(+). The range of dissolved to particulate distribution coefficients log K(d) = 2.5 L kg(-1) to 4.6 L kg(-1) indicated low affinity of Tl for particles, mainly ferrihydrite, formed in the AMD-impacted watershed. The low retention of Tl(+) on ferrihydrite was demonstrated in sorption experiments, the best fit between experimental and modeled data being achieved for surface complexation constants log K(ads) = -2.67 for strong sites and log K(ads) = -3.76 for weak sites. This new set of constants allowed reasonable prediction of the concentrations of aqueous and particulate Tl resulting from the mixing of water from Reigous Creek and the Amous River water during laboratory experiments, together with those measured in the Amous River field study.     

Odor thresholds of the C(19)-Δ(16)-steroids responsible for boar odor in pork

Odor thresholds for each of the five C(19)-Δ(16)-steroids believed to contribute to boar odor in pork were determined using duo-trio test methodology. Threshold values for 5,16-androstadien-3β-ol (I) and 4,16-androstadien-3-one (II) were approximately 10 μg/g, whereas those for 5α-androst-16-en-3-one (III), 5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol (IV) and 5α-androst-16-en-3β-ol (V) were about 1 μg/g. Statistical comparisons of the mean threshold values for each of these compounds showed no difference (P < 0·05) among the mean thresholds of III, IV and V or between compounds I and II. The mean thresholds of compounds I and II were different (P < 0·05) from those of compounds III, IV and V. Triangle test methodology was employed to measure the ability of trained panelists to differentiate the odors of each of these five compounds either singly or in all combinations. Results showed that panelists were able to differentiate (P < 0·05) between the odors of the C(19)-Δ(16)-steroids possessing ketone groups (II and III) and those containing alcohol groups (I, IV and V). Panelists were not able, however, to differentiate (P < 0·05) between the odors of the three alcoholic steroids (I, IV and V), nor were they able to differentiate between the odors of the two ketonic steroids (II and III).     

Formation of Pb(III) intermediates in the electrochemically controlled Pb(II)/PbO₂ system

The formation of lead dioxide PbO(2), an important corrosion product in drinking water distribution systems with lead-bearing plumbing materials, has been hypothesized to involve Pb(III) intermediates, but their nature and formation mechanisms remain unexplored. This study employed the electrochemical (EC) method of rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) and quantum chemical (QC) simulations to examine the generation of intermediates produced during the oxidation of Pb(II) to PbO(2). RRDE data demonstrate that PbO(2) deposition and reduction involves at least two intermediates. One of them is a soluble Pb(III) species that undergoes further transformations to yield immobilized PbO(2) nanoparticles. The formation of this intermediate in EC system is mediated by hydroxyl radicals (OH(?)), as was evidenced by the suppression of intermediates formation in the presence of the OH(?) scavenger para-chlorobenzoic acid. QC simulations confirmed that the oxidation of Pb(II) by OH(?) proceeds via Pb(III) species. These results show that Pb(III) intermediates play an important role in the reactions determining transitions between Pb(II) and Pb(IV) species and could impact lead release in drinking water.     

Effect of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on the aggregation of (E)-resveratrol in different protonation states of the guest molecule

The aggregation state of (E)-resveratrol was studied in the presence and absence of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) using absorption and steady-state fluorescence at different pH values. The results revealed that this potent antioxidant shows a monomer/aggregate equilibrium which is dependent on the protonation state of (E)-resveratrol. This equilibrium can be modified by the presence of HP-β-CD, which reduces the aggregation of the (E)-resveratrol molecules, producing individual molecules of the solute and preventing side effects due to aggregation phenomena. At pH values higher than the pK_a1 of (E)-resveratrol, the coexistence of different protonated/deprotonated forms of this antioxidant does not permit the fluorimetric determination of the complexation constant (K_F) of (E)-resveratrol with HP-β-CD. However, when the Hildebrand–Benesi equation was used to calculate this constant at physiological pH, this problem was resolved, with a K_F value of 14490 ± 723 M⁻¹ and the stoichiometry of the complexation process 1:1 for all the cases tested. The results obtained in this paper resolve the contradictory data published about the complexation process of (E)-resveratrol by cyclodextrins.     

Effects of Vacuum Packaging and Wrapping with Chitosan-Based Edible Film on the Extension of the Shelf Life of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Fillets in Cold Storage (4 °C)

In the present study, we assessed the possibility of improving the shelf life of fresh sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets by using vacuum packaging and wrapping with chitosan-based edible films during cold storage at 4 °C. Sea bass fillet samples were periodically evaluated to assess chemical (pH, trimethylamine and total volatile basic nitrogen) and microbiological (presence of mesophilic aerobic bacteria and psychrotrophic bacteria) quality. Chemical spoilage (trimethylamine and total volatile basic nitrogen) and growth of microorganisms (total mesophilic and total psychrophilic aerobic bacterial counts) were significantly reduced (P?≤?0.05) in vacuum-packaged chitosan film wrapping during cold storage at 4 °C. The results showed that the shelf life of the control and vacuum-packaged groups ended within 5 days, whereas that of vacuum-packaged chitosan film-wrapped samples ended at 25 to 30 days. Therefore, the shelf life of sea bass fillets wrapped in chitosan was prolonged by about 20 days.     

Use of carbon dioxide enriched atmospheres in the refrigerated storage (2 °C) of salmon (Salmo salar ) steaks

 Selected microbial counts (total viable microbiota, Brochothrix thermosphacta, lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae), biochemical parameters [pH, total volatile nitrogen, nucleotide breakdown products, non-volatile amines, d(–) and l(+)-lactic acids and short-chain fatty acids] and sensory attributes (colour and odour) of refrigerated (2  °C) salmon (Salmo salar) steaks stored under CO₂-enriched [CO₂/air (20/80, v/v), CO₂/air (40/60, v/v)] and air atmospheres were determined. When compared with air, sensory results showed shelf-life extension of 6 days and 15 days for 20% and 40% CO₂-enriched atmospheres, respectively. Microbial and biochemical results also revealed that the 40% CO₂-enriched atmosphere was the most effective packaging type for refrigerated salmon. Received: 22 April 1999     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the air in the St. Lawrence Basin (Québec)

High-volume air samples were collected from 1993 to 1996 in rural areas of Québec to investigate on the levels and the vapor-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Ranges for the mean concentrations of total PAHs (ng m(-3)) were as follows: Villeroy, 3.31-18.92; St. Anicet, 7.57-22.84; and Mingan, 0.50-0.53. Lower molecular weight PAHs predominated at all locations. Particle-gas partition coefficients (Kp) were in good correlation with their vapor pressures (r2 = 0.79-0.97) with slopes deviating from the expected value of -1. The curve of the fractions of PAHs on particles in St Anicet in 1995 fell on that of Lake Superior. In St. Anicet, fractions of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and chrysene on particles were close to those calculated from the soot-air partition coefficient (KSA). At all sites the mean ratios of particulate PAH of the same molecular weight but of very different reactivities were similar during the same sampling days, suggesting that particle-bearing PAHs in Villeroy and Mingan were of the same nature as those found in St. Anicet where adsorption onto soot particles was the major mechanism. Furthermore, the enthalpies of desorption for the predominant PAHs were close at all sites.     

Increase the Export Scale to Promote the Development of Enterprises(Ⅰ)

正In the period of adjustment of product structure,enterprise transformation and upgrading in recent years,the technical and economic indicators of printing machine industry continued to decline,but only the fluctuation of product export index is relatively stable.Judging from the current situation,in the face of a huge international market demand and improvement of the level of domestic manufacturing,     

Increase the Export Scale to Promote the Development of Enterprises(Ⅱ)

正3.export of products brings new vitality for the printing machine enterprises In recent years,depression of the domestic and international p rint in g ma r ket made the printing machine business into the plight,the overall sales     

Introduction of the National Shoe Industry Bases of China(2) Quanzhou

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Synchrotron micro-XRF and micro-XANES confirmation of the uptake and translocation of TiO₂ nanoparticles in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants

Advances in nanotechnology have raised concerns about possible effects of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in the environment, especially in terrestrial plants. In this research, the impacts of TiO(2) nanoparticles (NPs) were evaluated in hydroponically grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants. Seven day old seedlings were treated with TiO(2) NPs at concentrations varying from 0 to 4000 mg L(-1). At harvest, the size of roots and shoots were measured. In addition, micro X- ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) and micro X-ray absorption spectroscopy (micro-XAS), respectively, were used to track the presence and chemical speciation of Ti within plant tissues. Results showed that at all concentrations, TiO(2) significantly increased root length (average >300%). By using micro-XRF it was found that Ti was transported from the roots to the leaf trichomes, suggesting that trichomes are possible sink or excretory system for the Ti. The micro-XANES spectra showed that the absorbed Ti was present as TiO(2) within the cucumber tissues, demonstrating that the TiO(2) NPs were not biotransformed.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection issued the Measures for the Administration of Pollutant Discharge Permits (Trial)

正On January 10~(th),2018,the Ministry of Environmental Protection formally issued the Measures for the Administration of Pollutant Discharge Permits(Trial)(hereinafter referred to as the Administrative Measures).The Administrative Measures shall be implemented as of the date of promulgation.As an important basic