TiAl基合金的离子表面Nb-C复合渗研究

利用双层辉光离子渗金属技术对TiAl基合金进行离子Nb-C复合渗处理,通过研究源极电压与工件电压对渗层显微组织及其厚度的影响,确定合理的工艺参数.试验结果表明,源极电压和阴极电压电位差为250 V,TiAl基合金经过Nb-C复合渗后可在表面形成紧密较厚的Nb-C合金层,其表面硬度达HV1 150.     

钛合金表面双层辉光离子渗铝工艺的研究

在钛合金基体上,利用双层辉光离子渗金属技术,以纯铝作为源极,氩气为工作气体,利用不等电位空心阴极效应,进行渗铝正交试验工艺研究.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)观察分析了钛铝合金渗层的截面形貌和相结构.结果表明,工艺参数对渗铝层的厚度有较大影响,并确定了最佳工艺参数为源极电压750 V,工件电压280 V,气压35 Pa,极间距20 mm.     

纯钛表面等离子渗镍合金层的显微组织及摩擦学性能

采用等离子表面合金化技术对纯钛进行表面渗镍处理,对渗镍后形成的合金层显微组织、物相组成及硬度进行了分析,并对其摩擦学性能进行了研究。结果表明:渗镍后在纯钛表面形成了与基体结合良好的钛-镍合金层,合金层主要由Ti2Ni、TiNi及钛相组成,厚约30μm,显微硬度约为570HV,合金层的干滑动摩擦磨损性能较纯钛基体的有很大提高。     

W18Cr4V钢钛催渗盐浴氮碳共渗工艺研究

试验研究了钛催渗对W18Cr4V钢盐浴氮碳共渗的影响,分别就盐浴处理温度和时间等工艺参数对试样表面性能影响进行了研究。试验结果表明,钛催渗剂的多少对提高共渗层表面硬度具有显著作用,钛催渗可显著缩短盐浴处理时间,有效提高渗层厚度和硬度,能得到质量良好的渗层。     

模具钢表面盐浴渗钛层的制备及性能研究

采用盐浴法在Cr12Mo V冷作模具钢表面进行渗钛处理,研究了不同温度和时间对渗层厚度的影响。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度测试仪和旋转摩擦试验仪分析了渗层的显微形貌、相结构、表断面硬度和耐磨性能。结果表明:通过配方优选,在适宜的渗入温度(1000℃)和时间(6h)下,可在模具钢表面形成致密、厚度约13μm的渗钛层,相组成主要为Ti C,渗层具有较高的表面硬度(约2789HV0.3)。室温干摩擦试验表明,与基体相比,相渗层试样的磨损量降低约17倍,平均摩擦系数为0.4054,仅为基体的70.6%,说明模具钢盐浴渗钛处理后具有较佳的耐磨减摩性能。     

高频感应加热膏剂法制备渗铬层的组织与性能

利用高频感应加热膏剂法在Ti6Al4V合金表面制备了渗铬层,对渗铬层的厚度、显微组织、化学成分、硬度、结合强度以及摩擦学性能进行了研究。结果表明:渗铬层厚度可达25μm以上;渗铬后在合金表面形成了由α+β、CrVO3、(Ti0.88Cr0.12)2O3和TiN相组成的渗铬层;渗铬层的化学成分呈梯度分布,距渗铬层表面25μm处的硬度可达850HV,渗铬层与基体实现了冶金结合,明显提高了基体的摩擦学性能。     

高速钢渗硼及其渗层的耐磨性

为提高高速钢的耐磨性,本文试验了W18Cr4V钢的渗硼工艺,研究了渗层的组织、结构、显微硬度和渗层中合金元素的分布,比较了不同渗后热处理工艺对试样渗硼层耐磨性的影响,为生产应用提供了依据。     

T10钢表面中温双辉等离子渗铬强化的研究

用双辉等离子渗金属技术,对T10钢进行了880～900℃温度下的表面渗铬强化研究;检测和分析了渗铬强化层的显微组织、渗层厚度、硬度及铬浓度分布,并对渗铬强化层进行了抗磨损试验.结果表明,在880～900℃温度下,对T10钢进行双辉等离子渗铬,可得到良好的渗铬强化层.经双辉等离子渗铬强化的T10钢比常规热处理后的耐磨性提高了5～6倍.     

W4Mo3Cr4V高速钢稀土多元共渗层的性能

利用稀土多元共渗工艺将碳、氮、氧、硫、硼、稀土元素同时渗入W4Mo3Cr4V高速钢表面,研究了多元共渗层的硬度、耐磨性能及表面残余应力等。结果表明:多元共渗层由化合物层(主要为氧化物、硫化物和碳化物)和扩散层组成;共渗层显微硬度最高达1 150 HV左右;多元共渗层较钢表面的摩擦因数大幅降低,耐磨性能提高,其表面产生了较高的残余压应力,有利于提高材料的疲劳性能。     

Ti2AlNb基合金等离子表面渗铬层组织结构对耐磨性能的影响

低硬度和较差的耐磨性制约了钛铝基合金在航空领域的应用。为了提高Ti2AlNb合金的表面硬度和耐磨性,采用双层辉光等离子表面合金化技术对Ti2AlNb合金表面进行渗Cr处理,并对其微观组织、扩散特性及显微硬度和耐磨性进行了分析测试。结果表明：经等离子渗铬处理后,可获得约25μm的合金层;渗层中Cr含量随渗层深度有显著变化且在高温条件下因各原子扩散能力的差异,以基体中Al和Nb量的变化为主,在渗层的不同区域形成不同的相,表层以含Cr2Nb的Laves相和Al8Cr5相为主,而在渗层和基体的交界处形成新的无序O相（Ti25.36Al18.44Nb）;渗层硬度值由外层的HV1125逐渐过渡到基体的HV432,渗层与基体的界面处由于无序O相的析出而硬度最低。渗Cr处理将合金的摩擦因数由原来的0.24降低到0.15,磨损率降低了60%以上。     

INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF EDM PARAMETERS ON SURFACE INTEGRITY,MRR AND TWR IN MACHINING OF Ti–6Al–4V

Ti–6Al–4V is a kind of difficult-to-cut material with poor machinability by traditional machining methods, while electrical discharge machining (EDM) is suitable for machining titanium alloys. In this paper, three input machining parameters including pulse current, pulse on time and open circuit voltage were changed during EDM tests. To investigate the output characteristics; material removal rate (MRR), tool wear ratio (TWR) and different aspects of surface integrity for Ti–6Al–4V samples such as topography of machined surface, crack formation, white layer (recast layer) thickness and microhardness were considered as performance criteria. The variations of MRR and TWR versus input machining parameters were investigated by means of main and interaction effect plots and also verified by ANOVA results. The effect of pulse energy based on pulse on time and pulse current variations against recast layer thickness and microhardness was studied. The possibility of forming different chemical elements and compounds on the work surface after EDM process was investigated by EDS and XRD analyses. The experimental results revealed that general aspects of surface integrity for machined samples are mostly affected by pulse current and pulse on time. The approximate density of cracks, micro holes and pits on the work surface is intensively dependent on pulse energy variations. Although increase of pulse energy improves the material removal efficiency but leads to increase of average thickness and microhardness of recast layer.     

钛合金微弧氧化层的摩擦学性能研究

利用微弧氧化技术在Ti6Al4V合金表面制备了富含钙、磷的多孔氧化陶瓷层,研究了微弧氧化层表面形貌、组成及摩擦学性能。研究结果表明,随着电压的升高,氧化层表面微孔孔径、粗糙度和Ca、P元素含量增大,显微硬度增大。25%小牛血清润滑条件下的微弧氧化层与ZrO2陶瓷球的摩擦学实验表明,微弧氧化层的摩擦因数高于Ti6Al4V钛合金,但磨损率明显降低,表明微弧氧化Ti6Al4V合金具有良好的耐磨性能。     

Fretting wear behavior of nitrogen ion implanted titanium alloys in bovine serum lubrication

Nitrogen ion implantation was performed on biomedical titanium alloys by using of the PBII technology to improve the surface mechanical properties for the application of artificial joints. The titanium nitride phase was characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The nanohardness of the titanium alloys and implanted samples were measured by using of in-situ nano-mechanical testing system (TriboIndenter). Then, the fretting wear of nitrogen ion implanted titanium alloys was done on the universal multifunctional tester (UMT) with ball-on-flat fretting style in bovine serum lubrication. The fretting wear mechanism was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D surface profiler. The XPS analysis results indicate that nitrogen diffuses into the titanium alloy and forms a hard TiN layer on the Ti6Al4V alloys. The nanohardness increases from 6.40 to 7.7 GPa at the normal load of 2 mN, which reveals that nitrogen ion implantation is an effective way to enhance the surface hardness of Ti6Al4V. The coefficients of friction for Ti6Al4V alloy in bovine serum are obviously lower than that in dry friction, but the coefficients of friction for nitrogen ion implanted Ti6Al4V alloy in bovine serum are higher than that in dry friction. Fatigue wear controls the fretting failure mechanism of nitrogen ion implanted Ti6Al4V alloy fretting in bovine serum. The testing results in this paper prove that nitrogen ion implantation can effectively increase the fretting wear resistance for Ti6Al4V alloy in dry friction, and has a considerable improvement for Ti6Al4V alloy in bovine serum lubrication.     

基于ABAQUS的切削钛合金的数值模拟分析

基于ABAQUS仿真软件,模拟了切削加工钛合金TC4(Ti6Al4V)的过程。预测出切屑的形状和剪切角的大小,验证了通过剪切失效和单元删除模型实现切屑分离符合切削理论。     

基于神经网络的双层辉光离子渗金属工艺预测模型的研究

将人工神经网络理论和算法应用于双层辉光离子渗金属工艺的研究,在对网络进行训练的基础上,建立了双层辉光离子渗金属工艺与渗层表面成分和元素总质量分数、渗层厚度和吸收率之间的数学模型,试验结果与计算结果十分吻合。     

Influence of milling on surface integrity of Ti6Al4V—study of the metallurgical characteristics: microstructure and microhardness

The quality of titanium alloy parts in the aeronautical field demands high reliability, which is largely related to surface integrity. Surface integrity is generally defined by three parameters: a geometric parameter, a mechanical parameter and a metallurgical parameter. The present article addresses the influence of milling on the metallurgical parameter for a surface milled in Ti6Al4V material, focusing in particular on the microstructure and microhardness. Observation of the machined surface from a macroscopic perspective highlight an orange peel phenomenon. This effect is the combined result of redeposition and crushing of the milled material. No plastically deformed layer or lengthening of the grains was observed under the milled surface. As far as microhardness is concerned, a slightly softened region was observed under the milled surface. A diffusion of vanadium from the β phase to the α phase was also noted, but with no change in microstructure.     

加弧辉光渗Ti在石墨电极上的应用

介绍了一种新的表面合金化技术－－加弧辉光离子渗钛技术。利用该技术可在石墨板上形成均匀的渗钛层。试样在0．5mol/LH2SO4溶液中进行电化学腐蚀测试，结果表明：渗钛石墨电极比石墨电极的耐蚀性有很大提高，与钛板的抗腐蚀性能相当。探讨了渗层钛浓度分布，并用X射线衍射对渗层相组成进行了分析。     

TC4钛合金电火花小孔加工多目标优化试验研究

为提升电火花加工TC4钛合金的表面加工质量和加工效率,选取紫铜圆柱电极开展TC4钛合金电火花小孔加工试验,采用正交试验法,以电极相对损耗率、表面粗糙度、工件材料去除体积为工艺指标,分析峰值电流、维持电压、放电脉宽对工艺指标的影响重要性。采用RBF(Radial basis function)神经网络对已有试验数据进行训练,建立放电参数与工艺指标之间的数学预测模型。以该预测模型为适应度函数,将遗传算法与Skyline选择算法结合进行多目标优化仿真,得到最佳工艺指标,最后开展多目标优化验证试验。结果表明：当峰值电流为14 A、维持电压39 V/42 V、放电脉宽102μs/108μs时能够取得最优的加工结果,优化值与试验值误差较小。     

试验参数对人工滑液边界润滑条件下超高分子量聚乙烯/Ti6Al4V往复摩擦磨损行为的影响

采用自行研制的往复摩擦磨损试验机,在法向载荷50 N、往复频率1 Hz、摩擦副接触形式为圆环外圆周/平面、初始线接触长度为6 mm、相对湿度为80%的试验条件下,研究了钛合金表面粗糙度、试验环境温度、试验延续时间、滑液成分等试验参数对UHMWPE/Ti6A14V摩擦副的往复摩擦磨损行为的影响.结果表明,这些试验参数均显著影响UHMWPE/Ti6A14V摩擦副的往复摩擦磨损行为;在环境温度20℃、25%小牛血清去离子水溶液边界润滑、180 min往复摩擦磨损试验条件下,当钛合金表面粗糙度由Ra0.04 μm增加至Ra0.06μm时,摩擦副的平均摩擦因数由0.033增加至0.096,UHMWPE试样磨损量由0.131 mm3,增加至0.149 mm3;在钛合金表面粗糙度为Ra0.06μm、25%小牛血清去离子水溶液边界润滑、180 min往复摩擦磨损试验条件下,当试验环境温度由10℃上升至37℃时,摩擦副的平均摩擦因数由0.135减少至0.077,UHMWPE试样磨损量由0.188 mm3减少至0.134 mm3.