氧化铼负载于介孔氧化铝催化剂丁烯歧化性能

用溶胶-凝胶法合成介孔氧化铝（meso-Al₂O₃）载体,浸渍Re₂O₇后制备了一系列Re₂O₇/meso-Al₂O₃催化剂,研究了Re₂O₇负载量对催化剂物化性质的影响,考察了Re₂O₇/meso-Al₂O₃催化剂在1-丁烯与2-丁烯歧化反应中的性能,并与Re₂O₇/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂进行了对比。表征结果表明：随着Re₂O₇负载量的增加,Re₂O₇/meso-Al₂O₃催化剂的BET比表面积和孔体积逐渐减小,酸量逐渐增多;铼基催化剂几乎只存在L酸;与Re₂O₇/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂相比,Re₂O₇/meso-Al₂O₃催化剂的L酸量更多、酸性更强。Re₂O₇/meso-Al₂O₃催化剂在丁烯歧化制丙烯反应中表现出优异的催化性能,在反应温度60℃、质量空速1 h^-1、常压的反应条件下,丁烯初始转化率约为54%,优于传统的Re₂O₇/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂。当m（Re₂O₇）∶m（Al₂O₃）为0.2时,Re₂O₇/meso-Al₂O₃催化剂歧化性能最佳,丙烯选择性维持在55%左右,稳定时间约为120 h。     

工业芳构化催化剂中γ-Al2O3对分子筛酸性的影响

用重量吸附法测得HZSM-5分子筛原粉、γ-Al₂O₃和工业用芳构化催化剂HZSM-5的酸量和强度。实验发现HZSM-5原粉和工业催化剂的酸量很接近,而Al₂O₃的酸量要比原粉低得多,强酸只占原粉的10%左右。用红外吸附法测得原粉的B酸/L酸相对含量为催化剂的4倍左右,实验表明,Al₂O₃对分子筛的酸性有较大影响,主要增加了L酸。     

异构化用SAPO-11分子筛的研究进展

<正>丁烯骨架异构化制备异丁烯是一种非常具有前景的生产方法,其中催化剂的研制是正丁烯骨架异构化技术的关键。本文综述了正丁烯异构化的反应机理,讨论了SAPO-11分子筛制备过程中主要影响因素对SAPO-11分子筛结构及性能的影响以及SAPO-11分子筛的改性,并对正丁烯异构化用SAPO-11分子筛催化剂今后的研发进行了展望。     

Pd/Al2O3催化剂上CH4选择性还原NO的研究

考察了Pd/Al₂O₃、In/Al₂O₃和Co/Al₂O₃对甲烷选择性还原NO的催化活性。结果表明，采用浸渍法制备的Pd/Al₂O₃、In/Al₂O₃和Co/Al₂O₃三种催化剂，在有氧气氛下，用CH₄作还原剂催化还原NO时，Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂的活性最佳，热稳定性好，在550 ℃，用CH₄选择还原NO，Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂表现出较强的催化能力，NO的转化率达到100%。在高空速实验中，该催化剂亦表现出较高的活性，其活性顺序为Pd/Al₂O₃>In/Al₂O₃>Co/Al₂O₃。实验研究了助催化剂、氧含量以及空速对Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂活性的影响。     

引入Al2O3对SO42-/ZrO2固体超强酸的影响

用共沉淀法制备了一系列对SO₄^2-/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂,详细研究了添加Al₂O₃对SO₄^2-/ZrO₂超强酸样品的晶化、比表面、硫含量、超强酸性和正丁烷异构化反应的影响。添加Al₂O₃会延迟ZrO₂的晶化和晶相转变,增强SO₄^2-/ZrO₂体系的超强酸性和正丁烷异构化反应的活性、稳定性。     

Al2O3对AlPO4催化剂的结构及其缩醛化反应活性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了系列AlPO₄-Al₂O₃催化剂,利用XRD、TG-DTA、NH₃-TPD和催化剂评价等方法,研究了制备条件对催化剂结构和缩醛化反应催化性能的影响,结果表明,Al₂O₃的存在不仅能提高AlPO4的热稳定性,而且可以调节催化剂的表面酸性性能。在适宜的缩醛化反应条件下,400 ℃焙烧和Al₂O₃质量分数为15%的AlPO₄-Al₂O₃催化剂样品具有较好的催化活性,1,2-丙二醇转化率达28.1%,AlPO₄-Al₂O₃催化剂的缩醛化反应活性与表面弱酸中心的酸量成顺变关系。     

Co-M/Al2O3上环己烷的选择性氧化研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Co-M/Al₂O₃(M=Cu，Zn，Ni)催化剂。在没有任何有机溶剂或助剂的条件下，研究了以空气为氧化剂的环己烷选择性氧化。所制备四种催化剂的活性为Co-Ni/Al₂O₃ >Co/Al₂O₃ >Co-Zn/Al₂O₃ >Co-Cu/Al₂O₃。在Co-Ni/Al₂O₃中Co、Ni的质量分数分别为4.0%和3.0%时活性最好。以Co-Ni/Al₂O₃为催化剂，在4.5 MPa、443 K下反应120 min，环己烷转化率达9.9%，环己酮和环己醇的总选择性达94.6%，n(酮)∶n(醇)为2.8。Co-Ni/Al₂O₃催化剂连续使用五次后活性基本不变。     

Co(Ni)MoNx/γ-Al2O3催化剂对n-C8异构化反应的催化性能

利用程序升温还原氮化技术,制备了不同助剂含量的CoMoNx/γ-Al₂O₃与NiMoNx/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,以正辛烷为模型化合物,在固定连续微型反应装置上考察了催化剂的异构化活性,结果表明,CoMoNx/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂比NiMoNx/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的异构化活性高,异构烃选择性低。NiMoNx/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂异构化反应产物中正构烷烃和小分子支链烷烃含量低于CoMoNx/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂。CoMoNx/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的高选择性仅在催化剂活性较低的情况下才能获得。     

铜锰氧化物水煤气变换催化剂的还原与催化性能

以CuSO₄·5H₂O和MnSO₄·H₂O为前驱物,NaOH为沉淀剂,选用共沉淀工艺,添加Al₂O₃、BaO+Al₂O₃、ZrO₂+Al₂O₃或CeO₂+Al₂O₃粉末作为催化助剂,制备了4种铜锰氧化物水煤气高温变换催化剂。X射线衍射分析表明,4种铜锰氧化物催化剂的主要化学成分为氧化铜和氧化锰系化合物以及锰钡、铜锰和铜锰铝复合氧化物;在催化水煤气变换反应(WGSR)后,4种铜锰氧化物的化学成分发生了变化。H2还原实验结果表明,在4种铜锰氧化物中,添加ZrO₂+Al₂O₃的铜锰氧化物H₂还原效率最好;而添加CeO₂+Al₂O₃的铜锰氧化物H2还原效率最小。对WGSR出口气中CO体积分数进行对比分析可知,分别添加Al₂O₃和CeO₂+Al₂O₃铜锰氧化物催化剂的变换活性较好。     

V2O5/Al2O3上异丁烷脱氢反应研究

用浸渍法制备了质量分数为12%V₂O₅/Al₂O₃负载型催化剂，考察了催化剂的活化气氛，反应中异丁烷与氢气的比例和反应温度对异丁烷脱氢活性的影响。结果表明，用N2作活化气，反应中异丁烷与氢气的体积比为1∶1时，在质量分数为12%的V₂O₅/Al₂O₃催化剂上异丁烷脱氢转化率和选择性较好，在625 ℃时，转化率达到52%，选择性为80%。     

正构烷烃在Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上加氢异构反应性能

采用SAPO-11分子筛制备Pt/SAPO-11双功能加氢异构催化剂,以n-C₈、n-C₁₂和n-C₁₆为模型化合物考察正构烷烃的加氢异构反应性能。结果表明,所制备的催化剂具有较好的异构化活性和选择性,其中单甲基支链异构产物收率和总异构产物收率分别可达60%和75%以上,是低凝柴油和高档润滑油基础油的理想组分。不同链长正构烷烃的异构化产物分布基本一致,但链长较长的正构烷烃更容易发生异构化反应和裂解反应,在保证相同转化率条件下长链烷烃裂解产物收率偏高且异构选择性降低。     

Isomerization of n-butene over ferrierite zeolite modified by silicon tetrachloride treatment

Ferrierite zeolite modified by the deposition of SiCl₄, was prepared and investigated as a catalyst for the skeletal isomerization of 1-butene. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, atomic absorption spectroscopy, ammonia TPD, FT-IR, BET/pore size distribution and pyridine chemisorption. The deposition of SiCl₄ preserved zeolite crystallinity although XRD and FT-IR analysis suggested a little framework de-alumination not evidenced by chemical analysis. This treatment narrowed pore size and diminished the strong/weak and Brönsted/Lewis acid sites ratio. As the SiCl₄ amount increased, the conversion of 1-butene decreased and selectivity to isobutene increased. This may be attributed to the higher spatial constraints inside the pores which restrict undesired reactions, such as 1-butene dimerization followed by cracking.

Abstract

The effect of temperature, weight hour space velocity and partial pressure of 1-butene was studied over modified and parent catalyst, indicating that a unimolecular mechanism prevails on modified samples while bimolecular processes are present on fresh ferrierite specially at short times on stream.     

Skeletal isomerization of 1-butene over ferrierite and ZSM-5 zeolites: influence of zeolite acidity

Three ferrierite (FER) and five ZSM-5 (MFI) zeolites with SiO₂Al₂O₃ ratio ranging from 27 to 2000 are tested as catalysts for the skeletal isomerization of 1-butene at 350–450°C and atmospheric total pressure in order to study the influence of acidity and pore structure of zeolite on conversion and selectivity. The catalytic and NH₃ temperature-programmed desorption results from FER and MFI catalysts with the same SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio reveal that the pore structure of FER zeolite rather than its acidity may play an important role in achieving high selectivity for the skeletal isomerization of 1-butene to isobutene.     

Alkylphosphonic acid- and small amine-templated synthesis of hierarchical silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves with high isomerization selectivity to di-branched paraffins

This article proposes a one-step strategy to hydrothermally synthesize SAPO-11 with hierarchical micro- and meso-porous structure. The structure and acidity properties and the isomerization performance of the resulting hierarchical SAPO-11 were extensively characterized and assessed, respectively, and compared with those of a microporous SAPO-11. The results showed that the SAPO-11 with mutually interpenetrating micropores and mesopores had been obtained by introducing tetradecylphosphoric acid into the synthesis system of microporous SAPO-11. Compared with microporous SAPO-11, the hierarchical SAPO-11 had much higher external surface and mesoporous volume, and more active sites with suitable Brönsted acid strength. These advantages endowed the hierarchical SAPO-11-based catalyst with superior isomerization activity, enhanced selectivity to di-branched products, and decreased cracking selectivity. The strategy proposed opens a new route to synthesizing a variety of hierarchical mesoporous SAPO molecular sieves for size-selective catalytic conversions of relatively large hydrocarbon molecules.     

Ni_2P/Al_2O_3-SAPO-11催化剂的原位磷化法制备及其加氢异构化反应性能

以三苯基膦为磷化剂,采用原位磷化法制备具有较高分散性的Ni_2P/Al_2O_3-SAPO-11催化剂,通过低温N2吸附-脱附、XRD、HRTEM、NH_3-TPD和Py-IR等对催化剂晶相结构、微观形貌和酸性质进行表征。以正十四烷为模型化合物,考察SAPO-11含量及工艺条件对正十四烷加氢异构化性能的影响。结果表明,最佳SAPO-11质量分数为40%,优化的工艺条件为:反应温度360℃,反应压力2 MPa,体积空速1. 5 h-1,氢烃体积比300,该条件下,正十四烷转化率为78. 1%,异构化选择性为89. 2%。     

The selectivity changes in 1-hexene isomerization and its relation to acid properties of Pd/SAPO-11, SAPO-11, HZSM-5, and H-mordenite catalysts

The activity and selectivity patterns for 1-hexene isomerrzation have been compared in the temperature range of 150–450°C for four different kinds of acidic zeolites (H-mordenite, HZSM-5, SAPO-11 and Pd/SAPO-11) differing both ir acid properties and geometric structure. At lower reaction temperatures (150–175°C) the predominant reaction pathway was double bond shift(DBS) and was not influenced by the type of catalyst. At higher temperatures significant shifts in selectivity were observed from DBS to cracking (C) or skeletal rearrangement (SR) depending on the type of catalyst. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) patterns of chemisorbed NH₃ were also determined. Three different peaks were found for the most of TPD patterns. The first peak might be associated with Lewis acidsite, and the other two peaks at higher temperatures might be associated with Brönsted acid-sites. It was found that significant loss of strong Brönsted acidity upon Pd loading on SAPO-11. A selectivity correlation at 350°C showed strong dependence of DBS and cracking on total acidity. The reaction seems well suited for investigation of the interrelation between pore structure and surface acidity in terms of these selectivity factors.     

Skeletal isomerization of 1-butene into isobutene over Mg-ZSM-22 modified by the deposition of silicon alkoxide

Mg-ZSM-22, modified by the deposition of silicon ethoxide, was prepared and investigated as a catalyst for the skeletal isomerization of 1-butene to isobutene in a fixed-bed flow reactor. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPD, SEM-EDX, ICP and FT-IR. The deposition of silicon alkoxide on Mg-ZSM-22 led to a decrease in the amount of strong acid sites, confirmed by TPD experiments with ammonia and γ-collidine. The treatment also affected the size of pore opening, as evidenced by constraint index measurement and chemisorption experiment using -hexane. As the deposition time increased, the conversion of 1-butene decreased as the result of reduced acidity, while selectivity to isobutene increased. The deposition of silicon alkoxide resulted in the suppression of side reactions and coke deposition, thus enhancing the skeletal isomerization. The modification of Mg-ZSM-22 by deposition of silicon alkoxide was very effective in terms of catalytic stability and coke removal. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Dehydroisomerization of n-Pentane to Isopentene on Molecular Sieves Impregnated with Platinum

The direct conversion of n-pentane to isopentene by dehydrogenation and isomerization in a single step was studied on Pt supported over SAPO-11, ferrierite (FER) and HZSM5 molecular sieves. The Pt/SAPO-11 presented the best selectivity to mono-branched pentenes. The characterization of acidic sites with isomers of propylamine revealed a better capacity for SAPO-11 to diffuse mono-branched amines and that is considered a consequence of its pore geometry, which could explain the obtained selectivity.     

A study on structural suitability of immobilized aluminum chloride catalyst for isobutene polymerization

Catalytic performance and structural suitability of immobilized AlCl₃ catalyst for isobutene polymerization have been studied. It was found that the activity, selectivity and number-average molecular weight of the product polyisobutene depend, to a certain extent, on the pore structure and the granulation of the catalyst. AlCl₃ on γ-Al₂O₃ support having macro- and meso-pore bimodal structure show excellent catalytic activity and high stability, while those on γ-Al₂O₃ with micro (d 15.6 Å) and meso-pore (d 28.6 Å) structure exhibit low stability and rapid fall of conversion with time. Granulation of the catalyst is also an important factor which affects activity and selectivity of the catalyst and average molecular weight of the product. Increasing granulation of the catalyst (particles become finer) brings about an increase in isobutene conversion, but a decrease in selectivity, resulting in lower average molecular weight and broader distribution.     

甲醇制烯烃催化剂SAPO-34分子筛的改性研究进展

甲醇制烯烃（MTO）被认为是最有希望以煤或天然气为原料替代石油制取烯烃的技术路线。具有CHA结构的SAPO-34分子筛是MTO反应生产乙烯和丙烯最理想的催化剂,但在甲醇转化过程中,芳香烃类中间体受到SAPO-34分子筛八元环微孔结构的限制,使催化剂孔道堵塞并覆盖其酸性位点,造成催化剂积炭失活。为了提高SAPO-34分子筛催化剂的寿命和低碳烯烃的选择性,改善传质并延缓焦炭的沉积至关重要。从构建多级孔结构、减小晶粒尺寸及调控分子筛酸性3个方面出发,总结了SAPO-34分子筛在MTO反应中的研究进展,并对今后催化剂的粒度、孔尺寸、酸性质等方向的改进及发展进行了展望。