退火工艺对湿磨铜锌粉末组织的影响

研究了铜锌粉末在不同退火工艺下的显微组织变化.结果表明,平均粒径约50 μm的铜锌粉末退火时,在250 ℃×2 h条件下发生再结晶,随着退火温度的升高,再结晶较充分;在350 ℃条件下,延长保温时间,也可使再结晶充分;当在400 ℃×1 h退火时,完成再结晶过程,超过400 ℃退火,会出现铜锌粉末脱锌.     

退火工艺对7×××系某铝合金板材组织和性能的影响

为了改善7×××系某铝合金板材的塑性,试验研究了退火工艺参数对7×××系某铝合金冷轧板材组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,7×××系某铝合金冷轧板材,开始再结晶温度为200℃,终了再结晶温度为360℃;最佳完全退火制度为退火温度380℃~390℃,保温1.0 h;可作为制定工业生产7×××系某。O状态某铝合金板材退火工艺制度的基础。     

固溶前退火温度对2519A铝合金棒材织构的影响

通过固溶前退火温度来调控2519A铝合金棒材固溶时的再结晶状态,以获得不同织构组态。采用X射线衍射分析研究了2519A铝合金棒材经150、200、300和350℃退火1 h后再经535℃×2 h固溶与直接经535℃×2 h固溶4种热处理工艺对合金织构和微观组织的影响。结果表明：2519A铝合金棒材直接经535℃×2 h固溶,挤压棒材强的〈13〉织构转变为〈110〉再结晶织构,而经上述4种温度退火和535℃×2 h固溶,织构分别演变为〈113〉,〈605〉,〈5110〉和〈7 214〉织构。退火后不固溶试样〈111〉织构和硬度值都保持不变。样品固溶发生再结晶的〈110〉织构与挤压〈13〉织构间可用40°〈111〉长大理论解释。     

0Cr13铁素体不锈钢等径转角挤压变形与再结晶组织和性能

研究了0Cr13铁素体不锈钢经等径转角挤压(ECAP)变形和退火处理后的微观组织和力学性能.金相观察表明,变形态0Cr13钢经650～800℃退火1h后,内部形成平均晶粒尺寸为10 μm左右的再结晶组织.同时,力学性能测试表明,退火温度对变形态0Cr13钢的力学性能影响显著,随退火温度由650℃升高到800℃,再结晶组织的发展导致对应的强度、硬度下降,而塑性则逐渐改善.结果表明,优选的ECAP变形+700℃×1h退火工艺,可使实验钢获得最佳的强度-塑性配比.     

连续退火过程中信号传输电缆用铜铝合金再结晶行为研究

分析了热感应连续退火和等温炉退火工艺对高频信号传输电缆用铜铝合金再结晶行为的影响规律。结果表明,利用热感应连续退火工艺,铜铝合金在290℃时开始再结晶行为,在400℃时发生完全再结晶;在温度为320℃时,合金晶界处析出金属间化合物Cu Al2和Cu9Al4,当温度增加至在430℃时,金属间化合物平均厚度分别为0.67μm和0.56μm。与等温炉式退火工艺相比,采用热感应连续退火工艺的铜铝合金达到再结晶时间短,且形成的再结晶组织细小。     

退火温度对5182铝合金冷轧板显微组织和性能的影响

对5182铝合金冷轧板进行了不同温度的退火处理试验,采用显微组织观察、拉伸试验、杯突试验等研究了不同温度退火处理对5182铝合金冷轧板组织和性能的影响。结果表明:300℃退火保温2 h的5182冷轧态铝合金开始发生再结晶。合金经330℃退火保温2 h后,组织中冷轧态纤维组织完全消失,均匀再结晶组织形成,材料已完全再结晶。在240～390℃退火,随着退火温度的升高,合金的抗拉强度先降低,之后基本保持不变,铝合金杯突值与应变硬化指数先升高之后基本保持不变。330℃退火保温2 h的5182铝合金应变硬化指数达到最大值,为0.41。     

铝箔用8011铝合金冷轧板中间退火工艺的优化

通过对8011铝合金进行不同工艺的中间退火试验,研究了8011铝合金的中间退火过程。结果表明,再结晶阶段时8011铝合金的显微硬度下降最为显著,且退火温度越高硬度下降越大,最适宜的中间退火工艺为340℃×2 h。     

退火温度对连铸-轧制成形铜包铝复合扁排组织与性能的影响

研究退火温度对连铸-轧制成形铜包铝复合扁排组织、界面结构与结合强度、力学性能以及电学性能的影响。结果表明:铜包覆层在300℃开始再结晶,400℃时再结晶完成;芯部铝靠近铜包覆层的剧烈变形区在200℃完成再结晶;而在中心部位,粗晶区在250℃时已开始再结晶,400℃时再结晶完成。铜包铝复合扁排的抗拉强度和伸长率在300℃以下退火时变化较小,在300℃以上退火时变化显著。随着退火温度的增加,界面结合强度先增大后减少。在250℃及以下温度退火时,界面处无明显金属间化合物相生成,因此,在此温度范围内,界面结合强度随着退火温度的升高而升高;退火温度在300~400℃时,界面处有金属间化合物相生成,且随温度升高,界面厚度由约1μm增大到约4μm,界面结合强度由54.0 MPa逐渐降低到25.8 MPa。铜包铝复合扁排的电阻率主要受基体金属组织状态的影响,随着退火温度的升高,铜包铝扁排的电阻率逐渐降低;在本实验条件下,当界面处金属间化合物层的厚度不大于4μm时,金属间化合物层对电阻率的影响不明显。     

同轴电缆用铜铝复合带中间退火工艺的研究

研究了中间退火工艺对同轴电缆用铜铝复合带力学性能的影响.结果表明,随着退火温度的升高或退火时间的延长,复合带的伸长率先增加后降低.在340℃×3 h退火后,伸长率达到最大值35.80%.温度升高或时间延长都会导致复合带的抗拉强度降低.同轴电缆用铜铝复合带合理的中间退火工艺为310℃×1.5 h.     

异步累积叠轧纯铜再结晶温度、时间对孪晶的影响

采用异步叠轧法辅以热处理制备超细孪晶铜材,研究了不同再结晶退火温度和时间,对退火组织和其中退火孪晶的影响。结果表明:当退火温度在185℃时,随着退火时间的延长,发生再结晶的区域增多,退火孪晶也相应增多,但是再结晶不完全;当退火温度在190℃时,在20～25min退火时间内形成了均匀细小的退火孪晶,退火孪晶大小在2μm左右;当退火温度达到220℃时,退火孪晶的尺寸明显长大,且数量有所减少,达不到所需的超细孪晶铜的要求。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。