裂解C9催化加氢工艺及条件优化研究

概述了裂解C9利用现状,提出以裂解C9为原料,Ni-Cu系催化剂,采用2次深度加氢工艺,在加压固定床反应器上进行催化加氢.考察了不同压力、温度和空速对裂解C9加氢效果的影响,优化加氢过程条件,为进一步放大研究提供依据.实验表明,在反应压力为5.0 MPa、温度为150℃,空速为0.75 h-1条件下,不饱和组分的转化率...     

乙烯C9加氢精制工艺研究

以上海金山石化乙烯裂解C9为原料,采用两段加氢工艺,在微反固定床反应器进行试验研究。试验表明,加氢后C9可作为溶剂油或高辛烷值汽油的调和组分,并通过产品溴价考察工艺条件对加氢效果的影响。结果表明,最适宜工艺条件为：一段温度70 ℃、压力3.0 MPa、空速2.0 h^-1、V(氢)∶V（油）为200∶1;二段分别为250 ℃、3.0 MPa、空速2.0 h^-1、V(氢)〖DK〗∶V（油）为200∶1。     

SL-C9-04系列催化剂在裂解碳九加氢装置的应用

南京扬子精细化工有限公司裂解碳九加氢装置采用国产SL-C9-04系列催化剂,工艺采用双反应器串联加氢工艺。一段为鼓泡床反应器,镍系催化剂;二段为滴流床反应器,鉬镍催化剂。在一段高分压力3.65 MPa,体积空速0.72 h~(-1),反应器入口氢油体积比650:1;二段高分压力3.55 MPa,体积空速0.61 h~(-1),反应器入口氢油体积比720:1的条件下,产出低硫,低溴价的产品。经6个月的工艺考察,SL-C9-04系列催化剂加氢脱硫除胶性能稳定,产品质量满足市场要求。     

裂解C9二段加氢催化剂性能研究及工业应用

采用改性Al_2O_3为载体,以Co、Mo、Ni为活性组分制备出C9二段加氢催化剂,研究了温度、空速、压力对催化剂加氢性能的影响。实验结果表明反应温度285℃、空速1.2 h-1、压力3.5 MPa对该催化剂较为合适,该催化剂应用于工业装置,稳定运行15个月,加氢产品总硫小于2 mg/kg,溴价小于2 g Br/100g,显示出良好的加氢活性及稳定性。     

裂解汽油加氢一、二段催化剂反应特性的研究

本文从应用角度较详尽地叙述了入口温度、液时空速、进口压力、氢油比工艺参数及原料性质对裂解汽油加氢一、二段催化剂加氢活性的影响。并指出入口温度、空速及进料浓度对双单烯烃加氢率、脱硫率和床层绝热温升的影响程度。为成套裂解汽油加氢装置国产化提供了必要的设计依据。     

裂解碳九两段加氢开车总结

介绍了乙烯裂解碳九两段加氢工艺原理,一段加氢在较低温度条件下使碳九原料中苯乙烯、双环戊二烯、双烯烃、烯烃加氢饱和,防止催化剂结焦,二段加氢在相对高的温度条件下使单烯烃饱和以及将有机硫加氢转化为硫化氢。某装置开车运行结果表明,经过两段加氢精制后的油品的总硫小于10 mg/kg,出口溴价低于0.1 gBr/100g,加氢油品可以作为溶剂油或者汽柴油的调和原料,具有广阔的应用前景。     

裂解碳九加氢利用技术进展

系统总结了裂解碳九(C9)来源、组成及其综合利用情况;指出裂解碳九加氢技术是裂解碳九综合利用的核心和关键技术;详述了裂解碳九加氢生产高品质芳烃溶荆油或调和油、裂解碳九闪蒸油加氢生产溶剂油及全加氢裂解碳九加氢轻质化增产BTX;重点分析了裂解碳九加氢工艺和催化剂技术,强调了原料预处理、反应工艺和催化剂设计等要点.     

焦化石脑油单独加氢实验研究

根据某石化公司焦化石脑油加工过程中存在的弊端,提出焦化石脑油提高干点后单独加氢的工艺路线,通过实验对其加氢工艺参数及做乙烯裂解原料的性能进行了研究,并提出最终的可行性方案:将干点提高至255℃,反应条件为压力6.0 MPa、温度320℃,空速1.5 h~(-1)、氢油比400∶1,加氢后的精制石脑油质量完全满足乙烯裂解的质量要求,但需协商修改供裂解用石脑油指标(主要为干点和密度)。     

裂解碳五双烯烃选择加氢

通过对裂解碳五（C₅）馏分中双烯烃选择加氢催化剂的研制及其加氢工艺条件试验,考察了反应压力、空速、氢/双烯摩尔比和入口温度等主要工艺条件对催化性能的影响,得出裂解C₅双烯烃选择加氢的适宜工艺条件为：入口温度30～40 ℃、反应压力2.0～3.0 MPa、氢/双烯摩尔比1.5～2.5、体积时空速为2～4 h^-1。在上述条件下研制的催化剂可以使双烯烃转化率大于95％,生成单烯烃的选择性大于90％。稳定性试验结果表明研制的催化剂具有良好的稳定性。通过再生,催化剂可恢复原有的催化性能。     

裂解碳八、碳九加氢技术

以乙烯裂解碳八、碳九为原料,采用两段加氢工艺,一段加氢采用镍系加氢催化剂,二段加氢采用活性金属催化剂。二段催化剂均可再生,运行周期长。混合油品可先脱胶质,再经一段使双烯烃加氢成单烯烃,二段单烯烃加氢饱和、脱硫氮氧等,使原料不饱和组分大幅降低,提高了裂解碳八、碳九油品品质。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。