新型抗高温高密度有机盐钻井液体系研究

以海上某深井区块为研究对象,使用(w)50％甲酸钾盐水为基液,通过优选及研制抗高温增黏剂、复合降滤失剂以及流型调节剂等主要处理剂,并采用改性铁矿粉进行加重的方式,开发出一种新型抗高温高密度有机盐钻井液体系.室内评价了其基本性能、沉降稳定性、抑制性能、润滑性能和抗污染性能,评价结果表明:该钻井液体系具有稳定的流变性、较低...     

抗高温水基钻井液研究现状

井下复杂的地层状况(如高温)决定了钻井的深度,水基钻井液是钻井液的一种,钻井液处理剂的优化对深井的开采意义尤其重大,处理剂耐高温的性质往往决定钻探是否成功。论述了水基钻井液中处理剂耐高温性的研究现状,对耐高温水基钻井液中试剂进行比较和评价,并指明了今后的研究方向。     

新型抗高温抗盐钻井液降滤失剂的研究现状

随着油田钻井的发展和深井海洋钻井项目的增加,对钻井降滤失剂的要求也不断提高,以满足耐盐性和抗高温性的新要求.2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸的分子结构中具有强阴离子性、亲水性的磺酸基和不饱和乙烯基双键,以其为基料的多元聚合物具有良好的热稳定性和抗盐能力,是一种新型的抗高温抗盐钻井液用降滤失剂,是今后油田钻井添加剂的一个重要发展方向.     

抗高温白油基钻井液用有机土的研制及性能研究

通过对钙基膨润土钠化和有机改性,制备出了可抗240℃的白油基钻井液用有机土。测试表征及评价结果表明,改性后季铵盐类有机覆盖剂进入蒙脱石层间,在蒙脱石表面发生化学键连,晶层间距增大到18.78,有机土层片变得疏松;与国内外有机土相比,该有机土在白油中胶体率高,抗温性强,能起到很好的增粘提切和较好的流变性能,具有较好的推广前景。     

有机盐钻井液

在盐膏层等复杂地层钻探过程中，常规钻井液易受到盐、膏等的污染，导致钻井液性能恶化，维护处理复杂，甚至引发钻井事故。有机盐钻井液是国际公弘．的高效、低毒钻井液体系，国外已经广泛应用，取得了非常好的效果，该体系特点：性能稳定，抗污染能力强，有利于发现和保护油气层、抑制防塌能力强、有利于提高机械钻速、有利于提高固井质量，解决了井壁稳定和保护油气层之间的矛盾。     

抗温耐盐型钻井液降粘剂合成与性能评价

木质素磺酸钙、抗温耐盐型单体NS-1、丙烯酰胺(AM)和丙烯酸(AA)为原料,硝酸铈铵作为引发剂,用水溶液聚合的方法合成出接枝改性木质素磺酸钙钻井液降粘剂。其最优合成条件为:NS-1∶AA∶AM=3∶2∶2,木质素磺酸钙的用量为单体总量的50%,引发剂的用量占反应单体总质量的0.6%,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为2 h,单体的浓度为15%。当降粘剂的加量为1.5%,降粘率可达81.83%;在120℃的条件下,降粘率为61%;在Na Cl含量为10%的钻井液中,降粘率为60%;在Ca Cl2为1.5%的钻井液中,降粘率为62.86%。     

抗温耐盐型钻井液降粘剂合成与性能评价

木质素磺酸钙、抗温耐盐型单体NS-1、丙烯酰胺(AM)和丙烯酸(AA)为原料,硝酸铈铵作为引发剂,用水溶液聚合的方法合成出接枝改性木质素磺酸钙钻井液降粘剂。其最优合成条件为:NS-1∶AA∶AM=3∶2∶2,木质素磺酸钙的用量为单体总量的50%,引发剂的用量占反应单体总质量的0.6%,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为2 h,单体的浓度为15%。当降粘剂的加量为1.5%,降粘率可达81.83%;在120℃的条件下,降粘率为61%;在Na Cl含量为10%的钻井液中,降粘率为60%;在Ca Cl2为1.5%的钻井液中,降粘率为62.86%。     

钻井液高温抗盐降滤失剂的合成与性能评价

文章针对高温抗盐降滤失剂的性能要求进行了分子结构设计,优选多种带有磺酸基、酰胺基和阳离子基团聚合单体合成出JAA降滤失剂。在对降滤失剂产品的分子结构及抗温性能进行表征的基础上,评价了降滤失剂的高温抗盐性能。试验结果表明:在150℃条件下,降滤失剂能够明显降低基浆的高温高压滤失量,其高温抗盐性能接近或达到国内外同类产品的先进水平。     

有机盐钻井液

在盐膏层等复杂地层钻探过程中,常规钻井液易受到盐、膏等的污染,导致钻井液性能恶化,维护处理复杂,甚至引发钻井事故。有机盐钻井液是国际公认的高效、低毒钻井液体系,国外已经广泛应用,取得了非常好的效果,该体系特点:性能稳定,抗污染能力强,有利于发现和保护油气层、抑制防塌能力强、有利于提高机械钻速、有利于提高固井质量,解决了井壁稳定和保护油气层之间的矛盾。     

抗高温耐盐型钻井液用降滤失剂的合成与性能评价

选用对苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、丙烯酰胺(AM)单体为原料,利用自由基聚合的方式,得到一种抗高温耐盐聚合物降滤失剂.通过傅里叶红外光谱分析(FT-IR)表明合成产物结构与设计结构相符.当降滤失剂加量为1.8%时,室温下和210℃下淡水基浆的滤失量分别为7.9mL和13.5mL;在25%NaCl和3%CaCl₂的盐水泥浆中,钻井液的滤失量分别为14.8mL和11.0mL.通过扫描电镜(SEM)可以分析钻井液形成的滤饼的微观结构,由此得到降滤失剂作用的机理是:当降滤失剂吸附在黏土表面时,降滤失剂可以使黏土颗粒在钻井液中分散,从而形成致密的滤饼来减少滤失量.     

深水钻井环境下低温高压对油基钻井液流变性的影响

本文重点讨论油基钻井液在低温高压下的流变特性,在参阅大量海洋深水钻井液受温度影响的技术文献资料的基础上,建立一个温度变化范围为0℃到150℃的油基钻井液的流变特性模型。目的在于总结国外经验,为我国今后开展这方面研究工作做一些技术信息方面的借鉴。     

The effect of etching temperature on the photoluminescence emitted from, and the morphology of, p-type porous silicon

The temperature at which silicon is electrochemically etched has been found to influence the structure and photoluminescence properties of porous silicon. Decreasing the temperature increased both the current efficiency of the dissolution process and the porosity of the resulting porous layer. Furthermore, a blue-shift was observed in the photoluminescence indicating that the decreased temperature allowed smaller nanocrystals to be formed. An analysis of temperature dependence of the pore initiation and propagation models currently available in the literature failed to yield a satisfactory explanation for the decrease in the average size of the nanocrystals indicated by the results presented in the present paper. Therefore it was proposed that at lower temperature smaller nanocrystals are stabilized due to a combination of their reduced solubility and the increased viscosity of the diffusion layer that leads to a higher localized concentration of silicon ions, thereby allowing smaller nanocrystals to be in equilibrium with their surroundings. The fact that previous authors did not observe blue-shifting highlights the importance of the composition of the etching solution in controlling the quality of the porous silicon produced.     

L-组氨酸标准液稳定性研究

研究了温度、时间、pH值等因素对L-组氨酸标准溶液稳定性的影响。实验结果表明:对L-组氨酸稳定性影响最小的条件是:温度6℃,恒温时间72 h,pH值为等电点pI。对L-组氨酸稳定性影响最大的因素为温度,其次为时间和酸碱度。因此,为保证检测用L-组氨酸标准液的稳定性,在实际储存中应在低温下保存,等电点时的组氨酸标准溶液在使用时,3 d后应该重新配制。     

3-溴噻吩的合成及其在有机合成中的应用

3 -溴噻吩是一种重要的有机化工中间体 ,它的合成主要通过还原和异构化这两个方面的作用来实现。它的用途主要用于噻吩聚合物的合成。以 3 -溴噻吩为原料可合成 3 -( 6-溴己基 )噻吩 ,也可合成 3 -己基噻吩 ,再以后者为原料 ,合成不同的噻吩聚合物。它的用途将更加广阔。     

Pulse energy-storage performance and temperature stability of Bi2O3-added BaTiO3 based ceramics

The temperature stability and temperature stability range of barium titanate-based pulse energy-storage ceramics were modified by Bi₂O₃ tailoring in (Ba_0.98-xLi_0.02Bi_x) (Mg_0·04Ti_0.96)O₃ (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1) and (Ba_1.03-1.5xLi_0.02Bi_x) (Mg_0·04Ti_0.96)O₃ (x = 0.125, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25) ceramics. Excellent pulse energy-storage performances of ceramic films are achieved via the new dual priority strategy of establishing cationic vacancies and forming a liquid phase. The dielectric constant plateau appears due to the cubic phase and space charges. Outstanding temperature stability, frequency stability and antifatigue performance are obtained in the ceramics, and their variations are all less than 15%. The comprehensive energy-storage properties with dual priority parameters of energy-storage density and efficiency of 3.13 J/cm³ and 91.71%, accompanied by an excellent pulse discharge energy density of 2.48 J/cm³, current density of 1313.23 A/cm² and power density of 195.26 MW/cm³ are gained at x = 0.1. The perfect pulse energy-storage performances as well as ultrahigh stability are correlated with synergistic effects of multiphase coexistence, cubic phase, liquid-phase sintering, grain size, ceramic resistance, space charges and polar nanoregions. The comprehensive parameters indicate that the (Ba_0·88Li_0·02Bi_0.1) (Mg_0·04Ti_0.96)O₃ ceramics have potential application in high precision fields.     

刚性有机粒子对PVC／CPE共混体加工和力学性能的影响

本文用Ｂｒａｂｅｎｄｅｒ塑化仪，双锟开炼机研究了刚性有机粒子对ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ共混体熔融塑化为及力学性能的影响，探讨了不同加工温度对ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ共混体力学性能的影响，实验表明：添加少量刚性有机粒子后，体系的塑化时间缩短，塑化行为改善，韧性有较大幅度提高，拉伸强度有所改善，加工温度为１６０－１８０℃体系性能最好。     

Investigation into the phase structures and temperature stability of BiScO3-PbTiO3-based piezoelectric ceramics

Phase structure has a strong influence on the temperature stability of ceramics; however, their influence on BiScO₃-xPbTiO₃ has been neglected. To meet the requirements for practical applications, (0.98-x)BiScO₃-xPbTiO₃-0.02Bi(Sn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ (BS-xPT-BSN, 0.59 ≤ x ≤ 0.65) polycrystalline ferroelectrics with rhombohedral phase, morphotropic phase boundary (Cm and P4mm coexisting), and tetragonal phase has been prepared and studied. The relationship between the phase structures and temperature stability is established from the macro properties as well as the underlying domain behaviors. The results show that the tetragonal phase is not sensitive to temperature because of its stable domains, which is a positive motivator for improving the temperature stability of ceramics. This work provides a new strategy for the design of high-temperature piezoelectric ceramics in the future.     

分散剂对纳米四氧化三铁磁流体稳定性的影响

通过球磨手段,经表面活性剂表面处理颗粒,制备稳定分散纳米四氧化三铁磁性液体。选择表面活性剂GD-01、GD-02和GD-03,研究了溶液pH、球磨时间和表面活性剂用量对磁性液体分散性的影响,采用红外光谱分析仪（FT-IR）和高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）表征磁性液体中的颗粒。结果表明： GD-02的最佳pH为4.5,GD-01和GD-03的最佳pH为2.5,最佳球磨时间皆为5 h,最佳表面活性剂为GD-02,其最佳用量为0.5 g左右,此时颗粒表面形成稳定的吸附双电层结构,通过静电位阻和空间位阻作用,阻止颗粒团聚,制得分散性能很好的纳米磁性液体。     

Effect of B-site substitution on the luminescence,thermal stability and temperature sensitivity of Ba2NaNb5O15:Eu3+/Er3+ glass ceramics

Transparent glass ceramic with Ba₂NaNb₅O₁₅ as the main crystal phase was prepared, and the appropriate heat treatment condition was selected as 710 °C/150 min through various characterizations. The luminous intensity and thermal stability were enhanced significantly when the glass ceramic was used as the luminous matrix. After introducing Ti⁴⁺ ions as charge compensators, the luminescence performance and thermal stability were further improved, and the reasons for this were analyzed. At 458 K, the luminous intensity of 0.5%Eu³⁺ doped glass ceramic containing 0.5%Ti⁴⁺ can maintain about 65% of room temperature with a chromaticity shift of 5.16 × 10⁻². The relative and absolute sensitivities of 0.7%Er³⁺ doped glass ceramic were 4.04 × 10⁻³ K⁻¹ and 1.31% K⁻¹. Introducing Ti⁴⁺ ions would weaken the population redistribution ability of ²H_11/2 and ⁴S_3/2 levels and reduce the temperature sensitivity. However, the sample containing Ti⁴⁺ shows good thermal stability, its green emission at 458 K has a small chromaticity shift of 6.45 × 10⁻³. The research shows that the glass ceramic can be used as a good luminescent host material, and Eu³⁺/Er³⁺ doped glass ceramic can be used in the fields of LEDs or temperature sensing.