好氧颗粒污泥降解有机物的数学模拟

利用好氧颗粒污泥在不同F/M值条件下进行有机底物的批式降解试验,监测降解过程中底物的利用及溶解氧的消耗,采用活性污泥3号模型(ASM3)对降解过程进行数学模拟,利用Aquasim对模型的主要参数进行估计,得到异养菌的最大比生长速率(uH)为17.17 d-1,异养菌产率(YH)为0.74g[COD]/g[COD],储存物质产率(YSTO)为0.85g[COD/]g[COD];模型验证表明模型能够很好地描述好氧颗粒对有机物的降解过程。     

印染废水异养菌产率系数的测定

某印染化工混合废水采用厌氧-好氧-混凝处理工艺,应用活性污泥1号模型(ASM1)模拟该废水生物处理过程。采用间歇式呼吸计量法,测得该废水的异养菌产率系数为0.65,此值不同于ASM1号模型中推荐的城市污水异养菌产率系数的典型值0.67。     

印染综合废水异养菌产率系数的测定

指出应用ASM1模拟活性污泥系统时，对于特定的废水及其处理工艺，需要实测异养菌产率系数YH。介绍了YH。的两种测试方法：间歇活性污泥法和间歇呼吸计量法。分别以醋酸钠和实际废水为底物，应用间歇呼吸计量法，测定印染综合废水处理厂的异养菌产率系数，最终结果为0．65，低于ASM1模型中城市污水异养菌产率系数的推荐值0．67。     

广州城市污水厂进水水质组分和模型参数的测定

针对污水处理厂优化运行及节能降耗的需求,以广州市某污水处理厂为研究对象,对其生化池进水COD和氮素进行了ASM2D模型的组分分析。分析结果显示:该厂进水中,生物降解有机物(Ss+Xs)和异养菌X_H仅占总COD(COD_T)的25.11%和16.74%,而溶解性不可生物降解有机物S_I、颗粒态惰性有机物X_I分别占COD_T的8.92%、49.23%,进水可生化性较差,后期泥水分离的效果直接决定了总COD的去除率。试验同时对该厂的异养菌产率系数Y_H进行了检测。     

Carrousel氧化沟中动力学参数的测定

以西安市某污水处理厂Carrousel氧化沟工艺为研究对象,在活性污泥2d号模型(ASM2d)的基础上,运用间歇OUR法,测定了该污水处理厂氧化沟内自养菌最大比增长速率μm A、异养菌衰减系数bH和异养菌最大比增长速率μm H的值。测定结果分别为0.726、0.471和5.200 d-1。测定结果与国际水协的推荐值存在差异,分析了存在差异的原因,该测定值可用于污水处理厂后续模拟与优化。     

二段淹没式膜生物反应器处理城市污水的研究

采用九保田板式膜,设计了二段淹没式膜生物反应器处理城市生活污水。运行结果显示,二段淹没式膜生物反应器能够增强高能级生物体蠕虫生长与少产污泥的目的。在污泥负荷为0.35~0.65g[COD]/(g[SS]·d)和容积负荷为2~5g[COD]/(L·d)的条件下,反应器出水COD和NH3-N的质量浓度分别为18.67mg/L和0.24mg/L,污泥产率为0.1kg[SS]/kg[COD]。     

膜生物反应器臭氧化同步污泥减量新工艺的研究

提出将臭氧直接充入到MBR中的同步臭氧化污泥减量新工艺,考察了同步臭氧化对MBR污泥产率及出水水质的影响.结果表明臭氧投加量为0.025 gO3/gVSS时,同步臭氧化对MBR具有显著的污泥减量效果,污泥产率系数Yobs为0.0096 g(MLSS)/g(COD),而对比工艺污泥产率系数Yobs为0.1147 g(MLSS)/g(COD),同时对COD和NH4+-N的去除率分别维持在91%和95.7%以上.     

常规SBR反应柱中好氧污泥颗粒化及其特性

应用高径比为3.67的SBR反应柱R1培养好氧颗粒污泥,结果表明,经90 d培养即可获得粒径主要分布在0.5~1.0 mm、形状规则、结构密实的好氧颗粒污泥。R1中颗粒污泥MLSS为5 500 mg/L,SVI_(30)为36 m L/g,好氧颗粒污泥沉降性能明显优于常规活性污泥。应用培养的好氧颗粒污泥处理实际集成电路工业综合废水,废水COD、氨氮、TP和TN去除率分别在85%、80%、60%和47%以上。通过污泥产率分析得出,好氧颗粒污泥比活性污泥污泥原位减量41.5%。     

低剂量臭氧氧化与延时曝气活性污泥法相结合的污泥前置减量技术在集中式工业污水处理厂的应用实践研究

介绍污泥减量技术的应用背景和已有的污水处理中的污泥减量技术及各自的优势和不足。通过臭氧催化氧化与延时曝气相结合的污泥减量技术在集中式工业污水处理厂的应用实践,提出了污泥表观产率新的计算公式Yobs=a VSS/g COD去除+b NVSS/g TSS进水。发现了污泥表观产率的由对照组的Yobs VSS=0.188g VSS/g COD去除,Yobs NVSS=0.442g VSS/g TSS进水降低到实验组的Yobs VSS=0.104g VSS/g COD去除,Yobs NVSS=0.177g VSS/g TSS进水。,VSS表观产率下降了44.7%;NVSS表观产率下降了60%。文中分析阐述了污泥表观产率与系统削减COD负荷和进水TSS的关系,臭氧氧化部分回流污泥与延时曝气相结合的污泥减量技术的基本原理,比较了它与传统臭氧氧化污泥减量技术不同之处,及在工业污水污泥减量上的意义,并指出臭氧氧化污泥减量当前在生产应用上仍存在的问题。     

ClO_2耦合超声波破解污泥回流SBR系统的隐性生长污泥减量研究

为了考察系统污泥减量效果及污泥回流对系统污水处理效果的影响,探讨实现污泥减量的机制,将70%剩余污泥经ClO2耦合超声波处理后回流至SBR中试系统,运行30 d,测定系统累计排泥量、系统出水水质、污泥活性、污泥沉降性能等指标。结果表明,经ClO2耦合超声波处理后的剩余污泥回流至系统后,产泥量减少了54.86%。污泥回流对SBR系统的SS、CODCr、NH3-N和TN去除效果无影响,对TP的去除率有所降低。当量表观污泥产率从对照组的0.410 kg[SS]/kg[CODCr]降低到了0.186 kg[SS]/kg[CODCr],当量衰减系数由对照组的0.036 0d-1提高到0.060 2 d-1。系统能保证出水水质稳定,污泥减量效果显著。     

Simulation of heterotrophic storage and growth processes in activated sludge under aerobic conditions

In this work, an extension of the Activated Sludge Model No. 3 (ASM3) is presented which takes oxygen transfer, microbial maintenance, and biomass decay into account, in order to describe the heterotrophic storage and growth processes in activated sludge. The sensitivity of the effluent chemical oxygen demand and oxygen uptake rate to the stoichiometric and kinetic coefficients was analyzed. Model calibration was successfully performed by comparing measured and predicted values for model components. Thereafter, the model was evaluated with the experimental results of four independent case studies. Results show that the established model is able to better and mechanistically describe the heterotrophic storage and growth processes in activated sludge.     

长泥龄改良A2/O工艺的短程硝化反硝化除磷

为解决传统A²/O工艺硝化与除磷泥龄(SRT)之间的矛盾,进一步提高低C/N(P)比生活污水同步脱氮除磷效率,采用一种改良A²/O工艺在长SRT条件下处理生活污水.试验结果表明,该工艺可有效筛选和强化反应器内活性污泥,并大量富集长SRT的反硝化除磷菌(DPAO).通过亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)淘洗阶段后,反应器在SRT=19.6d、A²O段污泥浓度(MLSS)=5.5 g·L^-1、水力停留时间(HRT)=8.2 h、污泥回流比(R)=90%、硝化液回流比(r)=250%、溶解氧(DO)=1.5～0.3 mg·L^-1,间歇曝气段HRT=4 h、曝气周期1 h曝气1 min(DO=0.3～0.5 mg·L^-1)、沉淀59 min条件下长期运行,COD、NH₄⁺-N、TP和TN的平均去除率分别为88.71%、99.2%、93.77%和89.52%,出水亚硝化率(NO₂^--N/NO_x^--N)可达97.2%,DPAO占聚磷菌(PAO)比为95.5%.污水中约72.96%的COD被DPAO合成PHA除磷,15.75%的COD由异养反硝化消耗,约41.96%和31.31%的N分别通过反硝化除磷和异养反硝化去除.剩余污泥主要由DPAO和反硝化菌增殖产生,分别占82.74%和17.24%,较传统脱氮除磷途径减少了58.76%的碳源消耗和44.6%的污泥排放.     

Advanced removal of organic and nitrogen from ammonium-rich landfill leachate using an anaerobic-aerobic system☆

A novel system coupling an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was introduced to achieve advanced removal of organic and nitrogen from ammonium-rich landfill leachate. UASB could remove 88.1%of the influent COD at a volumetric loading rate of 6.8 kg COD·m?3·d?1. Nitritation–denitritation was responsible for removing 99.8%of NH4+-N and 25%of total nitrogen in the SBR under alternating aerobic/anoxic modes. Simultaneous denitritation and methanogenesis in the UASB enhanced COD and TN removal, and replenished alkalinity consumed in nitritation. For the activated sludge of SBR, ammonia oxidizing bacteria were preponderant in nitrifying population, indicated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) anal-ysis. The Monod equation is appropriate to describe the kinetic behavior of heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria, with its kinetic parameters determined from batch experiments.     

Modelling a sequencing batch reactor to treat the supernatant from anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste

In this study, a lab‐scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) has been tested to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH₄⁺‐N from the supernatant of anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. This supernatant was characterized by a high ammonium concentration (1.1 g NH₄⁺‐N L^?1) and an important content of slowly biodegradable and/or recalcitrant COD (4.8 g total COD L^?1). Optimum SBR operating sequence was reached when working with 3 cycles per day, 30 °C, SRT 12 days and HRT 3 days. During the time sequence, two aerobic/anoxic steps were performed to avoid alkalinity restrictions. Oxygen supply and working pH range were controlled to promote the nitrification over nitrite. Under steady state conditions, COD and nitrogen removal efficiencies of more than 65% and 98%, respectively, were achieved. A closed intermittent‐flow respirometer was used to characterize and model the SBR performance. The activated sludge model ASM1 was modified to describe the biological nitrogen removal over nitrite, including the inhibition of nitrification by unionized ammonia and nitrous acid concentrations, the pH dependency of both autotrophic and heterotrophic biomass, pH calculation and the oxygen supply and stripping of CO₂ and NH₃. Once calibrated by respirometry, the proposed model showed very good agreement between experimental and simulated data. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

活性污泥废水处理系统的优化

提出了基于活性污泥处理系统的模型,目的是优化能量消耗和提高废水排出质量。采用ASM1模型来模拟生物反应,对包括硝化、反硝化和曝气等复杂过程的活性污泥废水处理系统进行了模拟和优化研究。对比模拟结果和优化结果得到以下结论:对废水处理过程进行优化后,提高了废水出口质量,出口处的TSS、COD、BOD和TKN全部满足环境标准,同时降低了操作费用(约1/4)。     

水热污泥渣活性炭的制备及其应用

利用城市污水厂剩余污泥经水热反应(T=320℃、P=12 MPa、RT=10 min)得到的污泥水热渣为原料,以ZnCl2为活化剂制备污泥水热活性炭。通过正交、单因素分析,研究制备工艺条件对污泥活性炭碘吸附性能及产率的影响。结合比表面积、孔径分布和浸出特性,对制备的污泥活性炭的性能进行评价,并探讨其作为水处理吸附剂的去除效果。结果表明当活化温度为450℃、活化时间为30 min、ZnCl2浓度为40%、固液比为1∶2时为最佳制备条件,制得的水热污泥活性炭的碘吸附值为543 mg/g、产率为56.0%。其比表面积为501.4 m2/g、平均孔径为5.78 nm、孔体积为0.47 mL/g、微孔体积为0.18 mL/g、中孔体积为0.21 mL/g,污泥中重金属大多被固化。将该产品用于处理ASBR出水,当吸附平衡时间约为90 min、投加量为11 g/mL时,COD的去除率为87%,吸附容量为76.82 mg/g。     

污泥活性炭的制备及其脱色性能

以污水污泥为原料,采用物理活化法制得污泥活性炭,并用该活性炭处理染料废水,研究了pH值、污泥活性炭的投加量、温度、吸附时间等因素对染料废水的脱色率和COD去除率的影响。结果表明:用污泥制备的活性炭,其碘值和亚甲基兰吸附值分别为254.36 mg/g和20.26 mg/g,而且BET比表面积值为25.1995 m2/g,总孔容积为0.0399 m3/g,具有较好的吸附性能;将污泥活性炭用来吸附氨基黑染料,并与商品活性炭处理氨基黑染料的效果进行对比,自制污泥活性炭的脱色效果达到了商品活性炭的水平;污泥活性炭对氨基黑染料的吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线。