Jitter Measurement and Compensation for Analog-to-Digital Converters

Clock jitter is measured and digitized by a stochastic time-to-digital converter (TDC). This jitter information is used to compensate the sampling error of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) caused by the clock jitter. The following two system scenarios are covered: 1) an ADC with a clean external clock and 2) an ADC with an external clock as the main jitter source. TDC calibrations for both scenarios are proposed. The calibrations are based on signal reconstruction and can be performed in the background. Both theoretical analyses and system simulations are provided to verify the proposed jitter compensation and TDC calibration techniques.      

基于双相机的计算机视觉坐标测量系统

为了解决单相机坐标测量模型中轴向定位重复性差的问题,研究正交双相机视觉坐标测量系统;系统由一支特制光靶标、两台正交放置的CCD 摄像机和一台电脑组成.在单相机测量模型的基础上引入冗余算法,使得两个正交单相机系统相互补偿对方轴向测量误差,从而实现高精度的空间三维坐标测量;实验采用最简的共线三点测头模式搭建测试装置,在测量距离1 500 mm 处各个方向分辨率优于0.2 mm ,与坐标测量机移动对比测量精度达到±0.15 mm .     

Generation and Measurement of Phase Jitter Using Phase-Lock Techniques

The phase-locked loop (PLL) is applied to generating and measuring large phase jitter that can be encountered in digital transmission systems. It is shown that jitter can be generated and measured by a PLL operated as a phase modulator and phase demodulator, respectively. Equations and examples are given for practical PLL designs to generate and measure jitter of a certain amplitude range and bandwidth. Practical considerations such as 1) phase detector range, 2) limited voltage-controlled oscillator sensitivity, 3) frequency tolerances, 4) pull-in time, and 5) calibration are included. PLL's designed in this way can be useful in evaluating digital transmission systems. Jitter measuring sets have been designed to measure jitter on the 1.5, 6.3, 45, and 274 Mbit/s signals used in the LD-4 digital cable system [1]. A jitter set for measuring jitter on 45 Mbit/s signals is described in this paper.     

双摄像机靶标成像视觉坐标测量方法研究

提出了一种利用手持式靶标实现双目视觉三维坐标测量的新方法,以靶标作为成像目标,利用靶标与被测面接触,通过分析靶标上已知特征点的成像变化,实现与靶标接触点的三维坐标测量,这一测量新方法,可以实现视觉系统外部参数测量中的自标定,并能实现遮挡点的测量,研究中利用空间透视变换建立了这一方法的非线性测量模型,介绍了基于Newton非线性迭代的测量方程的求解方法,以矩阵分析理论为基础,讨论了影响测量方程求解的因素,并提出了方法中重要部件手握式靶标上特征点分布的基本约束条件,通过数值计算分析了图像处理误差、有效焦距和基线标定误差对测量方法的影响,实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性和应用的可行性。     

靶标成像双目视觉坐标测量建模

提出了一种利用手持式靶标实现双目视觉三维坐标测量建模的新方法。利用空间透视变换建立了非线性测量模型．介绍了基于牛顿非线性迭代的测量方程的求解方法。以矩阵分析理论为基础，讨论了影响测量方程求解的因素，并提出了方法中重要部件手持式靶标上特征点分布的基本约束条件，为这一方法在实际应用中获得较高的测量精度提供了较为完善的理论分析依据。通过数值分析与计算，验证了理论分析的正确性和这一方法应用的可行性。     

基于数字信号处理的时钟抖动测量与分析

讨论了时钟抖动测量中的一些问题,并给出了基于数字信号处理技术的一种测量方法.为了对新方法的性能进行估计,模拟了含有时间抖动的时钟信号,对不同抖动幅度和叠加不同噪声情况下的时钟抖动进行了测试.结果表明,新方法降低了测量精度对触发电平的稳定度、被测时钟叠加的噪声和上升沿斜率的敏感度.     

脉冲加热测量材料热物性技术的综述与分析

使用脉冲热技术测量热物性参数的瞬态量热法克服了利用经典稳态法进行测量的许多缺陷,因而取得了很大的发展.本文介绍了利用脉冲加热技术进行热物性测量的基本原理,简单介绍了最近三十年国内外利用此技术进行热物性测量的原理和装置,以及利用扫描高速高温计进行热膨胀系数和热传导系数测量的方法和实验装置.最后介绍了该领域国内外的最新研究动态和发展方向.     

A TRA Bridge Technique for In-Circuit Impedance Measurement

A bridge technique is given for the measurement of impedances of two-terminal passive components in an arbitrary network without opening the circuit connections. It is ideally suited to the in-circuit measurements of passive elements in hybrid integrated circuits (HIC's) and printed circuit boards (PCB's). The method employs a new type of bridge, basically improvised from a transformer ratio-arm (TRA), a quadrature amplifier (QA), and two standard capacitors. All the measurements are in terms of the capacitors and the turns ratios of the TRA, and provide results with good accuracy. The range of measurement, together with the sources of error and their minimization, are discussed. Experimental results are found to be in good agreement with the theory.     

光纤干涉仪条纹动态测量技术

针对光纤干涉仪条纹的CCD动态测量技术,分析了限制条纹最大允许移动速度的因素,提出了采用中值滤波提高信号处理速度的方法。在条纹移动速度成指数增长时,实验观察了条纹位移测量值的变化情况,并进行了中值滤波实验。结果表明,条纹的最大允许移动速度除受CCD的场频和信号处理时间影响外,还与干涉仪使用的光源波长和光纤直径以及两光纤间的距离有关;中值滤波可以缩短信号处理时间,同时获得较好的滤波效果。     

浅谈传统照相机与数码照相机的差异和共性

本文在研究传统成像系统和数码成像系统的共性和个性的基础上,将数码照相机与传统照相机独有的部件与功能以及两者相近部件与功能列表对比,并加以说明,以简明扼要的方式,表明两者的差异与共性,便于全面理解这两种成像系统的相关知识,对于原来熟悉传统成像技术的专业人员,充分运用原有的理论和实践知识,开展数码成像工作,尤其有帮助。     

长度计量技术浅析

长度计量在工业生产、日常生活中应用广泛,对技术的发展和进步作用巨大。文章介绍了长度计量技术的意义、任务、相关的原理和测量基础,阐述了常用的长度计量技术。     

电容式射频微机械谐振器芯片级测试技术

针对用电容式射频微机械谐振器芯片级测试时信号微小、寄生效应严重、从而使得激励和检测困难的问题,本文对基于固支梁的微机械谐振器的电学测试理论和技术进行了研究.利用机电类比的方法得到了包含寄生参数的谐振器的等效电路并利用安捷伦的ADS电路仿真软件进行模拟.根据电路仿真结果分析了谐振器寄生参数对测试结果的影响,并在此基础上搭建了经过良好电磁屏蔽设计的谐振器单端口电学测试平台.使用合适的偏置,对谐振器进行了芯片级测试.得到了一个8.6 MHz谐振器的幅度——频率响应特性曲线,其结果与设计值相符.     

A Delay Generation Technique for Narrow Time Interval Measurement

A new architecture for the on-chip measurement of short-time intervals is proposed in this paper. The measurement method is similar to a typical low-voltage measurement setup where the input signals are first amplified and then measured to relax the dynamic range of the succeeding analog-to-digital converter. In the proposed method, narrow time intervals are first amplified by a time amplifier (TAMP) and then measured by a time-to-digital converter. A delay-locked-loop (DLL) circuit is utilized to design a feedback time amplifier in which the gain is readily programmed by input data to any integer value within a range specified by the number of delay cells in the DLL. The TAMP's gain remains rather unchanged under process and temperature variations due to the inherent negative feedback of the DLL system. The circuit is implemented using complementary metal--oxide semiconductor (CMOS) 0.18- $muhbox{m}$ technology occupying less than 0.63 $hbox{mm}^{2}$ of the silicon area. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can successfully be employed to measure time intervals in the range of a few tens of picoseconds with acceptable accuracy.      

用于两相流测量的差动自相关测量系统研究

本文提出了差动自相关测量两相流流速的新方法,介绍了所使用的电容式传感器及其测量电路的原理.应用所研制的传感器及测量系统做了大量实验,并给出了实验结果.     

A Precision Ultrasonic Phase Velocity Measurement Technique for Liquids

Present paper reports the design and developmental aspects of a new technique for ultrasonic phase velocity measurement in liquids, which is based on the studies carried out on frequency dependence of ultrasonic velocity in pure, binary and ternary liquids/mixtures. The design and developmental aspects of the experimental set up are reported along with optimisation of data acquisition software developed in LabVIEW. Finally, the developed technique is used to measure phase velocity in water (W), aqueous solution of mannitol (M), binary mixture of tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) in water and a tertiary mixture of TBA + W + M. The results are reported within frequency bandwidth from 3 to 7 MHz. The main reason for selecting these liquids was to identify some of the liquids which can be used as reference liquids for metrological applications. Although, reporting the systematic studies to find out the reference liquid is beyond the scope of the present paper due to obvious reasons, and will be dealt separately, but the studies certainly demonstrate that the technique can successfully be used for phase velocity measurement as a function of frequency and temperature.     

激光标靶六自由度测量技术

针对目前工程测量领域六自由度测量存在精度低、实时性和便携性差等问题,设计了一种激光标靶,结合全站仪能够实现空间六自由度测量。在嵌入式平台上,研究了一种以重心法为核心的光斑中心提取算法,该算法重复性精度高、鲁棒性好。通过对相机的非模型化参数标定,提出了一种姿态解算算法。实验数据表明,激光标靶在全站仪坐标测量精度基础上,滚转角和俯仰角测量精度可达0.005°,方位角测量精度可达0.0062°,满足多种工程测量需求。     

数字照相机规范

本文从应用的角度探讨了数字照相机常用的DCF规范、EXIF规范、DPOF规范的作用以及具体内涵，分析了不同版本规范之间的差异。     

解析数码照相机的宽容度

在传统的银盐感光胶片中，照像宽容度是指其感光特性曲线的直线部分相对应的曝光量范围，而胶片的实际感光范围包含了特性曲线两端的足部和肩部，这与数码照相机完全不同。数码照相机的一项重要性能是其CCD传感器的动态范围。在信息传递系统中，所谓动态范围是指一个传感器响应的最大和最小信号之比，对数码照相机的CCD而言，这种响应是呈正比直线关系的，因此动态范围也表征数码照相机的照像宽容度。本文对数码照相机和传统照相胶片的宽容度进行详细的分析和对比，并提出很多在实际应用数码照相机拍摄中应注意的问题。     

Streak camera: a multidetector for diffuse optical tomography

We describe an experimental setup for time-resolved diffuse optical tomography that uses a seven-channel light guide to transmit scattered light to a streak camera. This setup permits the simultaneous measurement of the time profiles of photons reemitted at different boundary sites of the objects studied. The instrument, its main specifications, and detector-specific data analysis before image reconstruction are described. The instrumentation was tested with phantoms simulating biological tissue, and the absorption and reduced scattering images that were obtained are discussed.