氯化苦急性经口、经皮、吸入毒性试验

[目的]检测氯化苦经消化道、皮肤和呼吸道3种暴露途径引起动物的中毒症状、死亡率及半数致死剂量,为急性毒性分级和生产使用防护提供科学的资料。[方法]GB 15670—1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》中急性经口、经皮、吸入染毒方法。[结果]氯化苦急性经口LD50:雌性为369(271~501)mg/kg,雄性为316 mg/kg,经皮LD50雌雄大鼠均为926(636~1 350)mg/kg,吸入LC50(2 h)雌雄大鼠均为316 mg/m3。[结论]该实验室条件下,氯化苦对大鼠急性经口、经皮、吸入毒性均属于中等毒。     

一种次氯酸消毒液的理化检测和毒性观察

目的：观察一种次氯酸消毒剂的理化相关性能指标及毒性指标，为该消毒剂产品开发和实际应用提供实验依据。方法：采用化学方法和动物毒性试验方法，检测相关指标，对消毒剂的理化性能和毒理安全性进行评价。结果：该消毒剂pH值为6.265，有效氯含量为0.073 g/L,54℃稳定性试验有效氯下降率为5.48%；该消毒液对铝、不锈钢为基本无腐蚀；铜为轻度腐蚀；碳钢为中度腐蚀；该消毒液中铅含量未检出，砷含量未检出，汞含量为0.005 mg/kg。对小鼠急性经口毒性试验LD₅₀>5000 mg/(kg·bw)，属实际无毒级。一次完整皮肤刺激试验和多次皮肤刺激试验中皮肤刺激强度属无刺激性；一次破损皮肤刺激试验中皮肤刺激强度属轻刺激性，急性眼刺激试验中眼刺激强度属无刺激性；对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验均呈阴性。结论：该消毒剂具有较稳定的理化性能，属于实际无毒类、对皮肤无刺激性、无致微核作用的消毒剂，具有良好的应用价值。     

抑食肼的致突变性、急性及亚慢性毒性研究

目的:研究抑食肼原药的急性和亚慢性毒性及致突变性,求出最大无作用剂量.方法:按照GB15670-1995<农药登记毒理学试验方法>进行试验.结果与结论:抑食肼原药的急性经口、经皮毒性均属低毒;小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验,小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验,Ames 试验均为阴性;抑食肼原药的亚慢性经口最大无作用剂量:雌雄大鼠均为2mg/kg·d.     

双灭多威的毒性实验研究

双灭多威的毒性实验研究王淑琴，王蕊，谢玮，李厚勇，王小芬，张树来（山东省劳动卫生职业病防治研究所，济南２５０００１）双灭多威对Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠急性经口ＬＤ＿（５０）雌雄均为５６．２毫克／公斤，急性经皮ＬＤ＿（５０）为１４７毫克／公斤；有轻度蓄积毒性，...     

制蚜菌素毒性研究

研究制蚜菌素的急性、亚慢性毒性及致突变性结果表明,急性经口LD50雌雄性大鼠均为38.3mg/kg,雄性小鼠为38.3mg/kg,雌性小鼠为17.8mg/kg,急性经皮LD50雄性大鼠为1470mg/kg,雌性大鼠为1210mg/kg;小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验及Ames试验结果均为阴性。大鼠亚慢性经口毒性无作用剂量雄性大鼠为(0.18±0.01)mg/(kg.d),雌性大鼠为(0.22±0.02)mg/(kg.d)。     

农药毒菌锡的毒性研究

本研究按照农药登记毒理学试验方法(GB15670－1995),对毒菌锡原药进行了大鼠急性经口毒性试验,蓄积性毒性试验,亚慢性(90天)混饲经口毒性试验,小鼠骨髓细胞微核率,小鼠睾丸初级精母细胞染色体畸变率试验,以及Ames试验和皮肤致敏试验.结果显示雌、雄大鼠急性经口毒性(LD50)分别为162、200mg／kg,蓄积系数≥1.亚慢性毒性试验结果显示最大无作用剂量为1．6mg／kg.小鼠骨髓细胞微核率,小鼠睾丸初级精母细胞染色体畸变率试验,以及Ames试验和皮肤致敏试验结果均为阴性.     

基于胍类消毒剂与阳离子表面活性剂联合用于抗冠状病毒的手用消毒剂研究

目的：研究一种以葡萄糖酸氯已定和二癸基二氯化铵为有效成分的无醇手用消毒剂的相关抗菌、抗病毒效果。方法：采用悬液定量杀菌试验、悬液定量病毒灭活试验、急性经口毒性、多次完整皮肤刺激试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和理化测定方法，评估该消毒剂的性能。结果：本品37℃条件下保存90天后，主成分含量下降率均小于4%；原液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌等细菌及人类冠状病毒的杀灭对数值均符合《消毒技术规范》(2002年版)的要求。本品无毒副作用，小鼠急性经口毒性LD₅₀>5000 mg/kg。结论：本品对常见细菌杀菌效果较好，对人类冠状病毒有一定的杀灭效果，毒性低，稳定性好。是一种经济实用、市场前景良好的手用泡沫消毒剂。     

氯胺嘧草醚原药的急性毒性试验研究

目的:评价新型除草剂氯胺嘧草醚的急性毒性,为制定生产和应用过程中的防护措施提供依据.方法:按GB15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》进行.结果:氯胺嘧草醚对雌雄大鼠的急性经口LD50均大于5000mg/kg;急性吸入LC50＞2000 mg/kg;对新西兰种兔的急性眼刺激积分指数(I.A.O.I.)最高值为4；眼刺激平均指数(M.I.O.I.)48 h后为0;皮肤刺激强度平均分值为0.结论:氯胺嘧苹醚经口和经皮毒性属于低毒,吸入毒性属于低毒,对眼睛和皮肤均无刺激性.     

氟菌唑的致突变性及亚慢性毒性研究

目的：研究氟茵唑原药的致突变性及亚慢性毒性，得出最大无作用剂量。方法：按照GB15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》进行试验。结果与结论：氟茵唑原药小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验，小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验，Ames试验均为阴性；该药对雌雄大鼠亚．隧性经口毒性试验的最大无作用剂量分别为：雌性一16．28mg／kg／d；雄性-15．12mg／kg／d。     

迈康片的毒理安全性研究

目的:对迈康片的毒理安全性进行研究.方法:应用小鼠急性经口毒性实验评价迈康片的急性毒性;通过遗传三项实验评价其遗传毒性;通过大鼠的30 d喂养实验评价其亚急性毒性.结果:雌、雄小鼠经口急性毒性试验的最大耐受量>20.0 kg.bw,根据急性毒性分级,受试物属无毒级物质;三项遗传实验的结果与对照组比较均为阴性(P值均>0...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。