小挤压机上保护模和宽展模设计几例

介绍几个扁宽空心型材宽展保护模和扁宽实心型材宽展模设计在小型挤压机上应用的典型实例,合理的设计能有效地提高模具寿命和挤压机生产能力。     

铝型材宽展挤压数值模拟及模具参数优化

在Deform-3D分析软件平台上,以卷帘门三扇门片为例,采用有限元法对铝型材宽展挤压过程进行了数值模拟,分析了铝型材宽展挤压金属流动过程及变形规律。通过对不同导流孔尺寸宽展挤压模拟结果进行对比分析,得出导流孔中段宽度L取值为19 mm时,金属流出模孔流速均匀,能够实现平稳挤压。根据数值模拟结果设计出的宽展模具能够顺利挤出合格的型材,说明有限元数值模拟能够为宽展模具设计提供有力的技术支持。     

宽展模设计探讨

以宽展模具的设计实例，论述了用宽展模，在小挤压机上实现宽展挤压铝型材。     

AZ31镁合金型材宽展挤压工艺参数研究

在某镁业有限公司的挤压车间进行了AZ31镁合金型材宽展挤压温度、挤压速度和变形程度等工艺参数的研究,在某铝业有限公司进行了AZ31镁合金型材宽展挤压。通过对挤压温度、挤压速度和变形程度进行控制,有效地提高了出品速度和成品率,对于镁合金型材宽展挤压技术具有实践意义。     

大断面铝型材的挤压模宽展分流设计

在大断面型材模具的设计过程中,如何充分利用宽展分流的设计方法,是模具成功的关键。通过实际案例介绍大断面铝型材挤压模,如何进行宽展分流设计。实践表明,本模具的设计方法对合理调整金属的分配和流速非常有效,可以充分发挥设备的潜能,降低模具成本和铝型材的生产成本。     

宽展挤压模具正交试验研究

宽展模具的结构参数(入口宽度、出口长度、宽展模的高度、工作带的基准长度、模孔的位置)对SDV值(流速均方差值,该值越小,挤压过程越稳定)存在影响,在模具设计中,更重要的是确定这些参数对流速均方差的影响。针对上述问题,本文在数值模拟的基础上,采用正交试验法,对铝型材产品FD-Awdd-7生产中所用的宽展模具进行了研究,在这些模具结构参数中,对挤压流速均方差有显著的影响的参数包括：宽展模的入口长度、模孔位置以及宽展模入口长度与宽展模出口长度的交互作用。     

铝型材宽展挤压模具参数优化模型

基于MATLAB平台,提出了一种集数值模拟、BP神经网络和遗传算法为一体优化模型,用于型材宽展挤压模具结构参数优化.以FR029铝型材的宽展挤压为例,合理选择宽展模具入口宽度和出口宽度尺寸.通过有限元模拟验证,说明提出的工艺参数优化模型是行之有效和正确的,对指导型材宽展挤压模具优化设计具有重要意义.     

铝合金壁板宽展挤压的数值模拟及参数优化

在铝型材挤压模具的设计中金属流速、挤压载荷、模具应力是需要考虑的重要因素。宽展模具的结构参数（人口宽度、出口长度、宽展模的高度、模孔的尺寸）对以上因素存在显著影响。结合正交试验法,对铝合金壁板的宽展挤压过程进行数值模拟并优化模具的结构参数,为模具的设计提供了参考依据。     

型材宽展挤压的数值仿真

基于MSCSuperforge软件平台,对宽展挤压中金属材料在模具内的流动进行了数值模拟分析,研究了宽展模参数:模具入口宽度、模具出口宽度、宽展模高度以及工作带基准长度和模孔位置等因素对金属流动的影响,从而为优化模具设计提供了重要的参考依据     

铝合金扁宽薄壁型材的宽展挤压

宽展挤压是一种挤压新工艺,用此法可部分代替扁文简介西南铝加工厂,在大型挤压机上,用宽展挤压法筒生产薄壁铝合金实心型材或空心型材,本壁板的情况及宽展模设计制造等。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。