制约中国光伏市场发展的主要因素(上)

<正>一我国光伏市场的特点我国光伏市场发展总体上与时俱进,稳步发展,具有以下明显的特点。1光伏市场发展严重滞后于光伏产业国内光伏市场的发展依然缓慢,光伏市场和产业之间的发展极不平衡。2007年光伏系统安装了20MW_p,只是我国太阳电池生产量的1.84%;2008年也只安装了40MW_p,占总产量的2%,见图1。     

基于资本市场视角的中国光伏产业特征分析及政策建议

本文从资本市场的视角,分析中国光伏产业特征。对光伏产业发展历程和光伏企业上市规律的研究表明,光伏企业三轮上市高潮与光伏发电产业的发展路径显著一致,具有明显的从电池制造向两端延伸的特点,实体产业与资本市场呈现相辅相成的发展关系。通过中证光伏产业指数50个成分股在资本市场中的表现分析和碳中和背景下光伏产业的展望,本文从政府、市场、企业三个维度,提出三条针对性建议。     

光伏产业发展现状、趋势及思考

一引言光伏发电是最具可持续发展理想特征的可再生能源发电技术,受到全球的普遍高度重视。本文介绍了我国光伏产业发展概况,指出我国光伏产业发展的主要问题是市场太小,通过分析2004～2010年国内外光伏产业发展概况和趋势,指出"上网电价法"是推动光伏产业发展最科学最有效的措施,应当尽快实施,以便科学启动我国光伏市场。     

“网”开一面,别有洞天——国家电网召开《关于做好分布式光伏发电并网服务工作的意见》会议

欧美对我国光伏产业进行贸易制裁的严峻形势下,中国光伏的海外市场布满荆棘,中国亟需在国内光伏市场开拓一片坦途。从去年开始,我国西部地区大型光伏电站建设的热潮拉开了中国光伏市场正式启动的序幕。9月14日,国家能源局发布《关于申报分布式光伏发电规模化应用示范区通知》,吹响了国内光伏市场向纵深发展的号角。救赎中国光伏产业"战役"     

太阳能光伏发电的现状及前景

从太阳能电池产业/技术、光伏市场及应用等方面综述了世界光伏产业的发展现状,根据国家近年出台的一系列有关扶持太阳能发电的法规、政策和规划,对我国的光伏产业发展进行了梳理,并对未来光伏发电前景进行展望,以期对我国未来光伏市场的有序开发和行业发展提供借鍪.     

必须支持光伏产业走出困境并健康发展

在我国光伏产品遭受欧美反倾销调查,出口市场遭受重创,光伏产业发展进入困境之际,国务院总理李克强2013年6月14日主持召开国务院常务会议,部署大气污染防治十条措施,研究促进光伏产业健康发展。会议指出,必须支持光伏产业走出困境并健康发展。会议指出,要围绕稳增长、调结构,陆续出台扩内需的举措,打造中国经济"升级版"。光伏产业是新能源产业的重要发展方向,我国光伏产业已具有相当的国际竞争力,但受全球光伏市场低迷、国内市场应用开发不足等影响,目前出现生产经营困难,必须支持光伏产业走出困境并健康发展。会议指出,要在努力巩固国际市场的同时,用改革的办法,发挥市     

从无锡尚德的破产思考我国光伏产业的持续健康发展

光伏产业作为我国的战略性新兴产业,应该有比较大的发展潜力和光辉前景,而如今却陷入了低谷,引起全社会的关注。本文剖析了我国光伏产业陷入困境的原因,提出了需要深入思考、探索光伏产业的发展规律、新的产业发展方式及加强企业管理、新的政府管理方式等问题,指出了中国光伏产业通过吸取经验教训,充分发挥市场机制作用,开拓国内市场、巩固国际市场,坚决遏制低水平重复建设,提升本土化光伏设备技术水平,全面增强产业核心竞争力,就一定能走上持续健康发展的道路。     

关于促进光伏产业健康发展的若干意见

各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府,国务院各部委、各直属机构:发展光伏产业对调整能源结构、推进能源生产和消费革命、促进生态文明建设具有重要意义。为规范和促进光伏产业健康发展,现提出以下意见:一充分认识促进光伏产业健康发展的重要性近年来,我国光伏产业快速发展,光伏电池制造产业规模迅速扩大,市场占有率位居世界前列,光伏电池制造达到世界先进水平,多晶硅冶炼技术日趋成熟,形成了包括硅材料及硅片、光伏电池及组件、逆变器及控制设备的完整制造产业体系。光伏发电国内应用市场逐步扩大,发电成本显著降低,市场竞争力明显提高。     

广西光伏产业的发展分析与对策建议

光伏产业作为新能源开发领域的重要战略,发展前景广阔。广西光伏产业发展虽尚处于起步阶段,但在光伏应用领域出现着良好的发展趋势。广西光伏产业利用自身的光热资源、矿产资源等优势有了一定的发展,目前还有很大的发展空间,光伏产业发展潜力巨大。但广西光伏产业发展仍存在着传统模式的不适应、未能充分开拓广西及东南亚市场、广西农村市场开发力度不足、创新人才缺乏等问题。针对这些问题,文中提出建立农村示范点、推广小型独立光伏发电系统、重视与发展光伏产业中的关键部件储能产业等建议措施,有效地推动新能源光伏产业在广西的发展。     

欧盟“光伏双反”引风波

自2012年年初,由于全球经济陷入衰退,海外市场对中国光伏产品的需求大幅萎缩。产能过剩、过度依赖海外市场以及国内市场开发不足令我国光伏产业深陷泥潭,加之欧盟对华光伏"双反"更是给我国光伏行业带来巨大打击,也促使我国光伏产业不得不转型升级。     

Dynamic modelling and simulation of a photovoltaic refrigeration plant

In this paper, we will present the performances, the simulation responses and the dynamic behaviour of a photovoltaic (PV) refrigeration plant using latent storage. This approach uses a new storage strategy of stand alone PV plants which substitutes the battery storage with thermal, eutectic, latent or a hydraulic storage. The measurements and the evaluation of these less battery storage systems at several climatic conditions and under load disturbances allow us to evaluate the PV system reliability and to compare its performances with classic battery storage systems.     

一种聚光型太阳能光伏系统的研究

讨论了多平面镜作直线布置的聚光器设计原理,给出了单镜面的面积计算方法和平面镜二维旋转角度的计算方法,并分析了在太阳能电池接收最佳光强Em可获得最佳发电量控制策略要求。实验采用9平面镜构成抛物面聚光器,太阳能电池接收光源达到额定光强的5倍左右,在太阳能电池标准配置下很大地提高了光伏系统的输出功率。     

Design of a novel battery voltage regulator for photovoltaic systems

The battery voltage regulator (BVR) circuit is designed to protect the battery against heavy discharge and overcharge conditions, thus prolonging the battery lifetime. Conventional BVRs are designed to disconnect the load from the battery when the battery state of charge (SOC) drops below a specified value so that heavy discharge is prevented. Alternatively, when the SOC exceeds a certain value, the photovoltaic (PV) array is disconnected from the battery to avoid overcharging (and consequent gas formation) of the battery. However, disconnection of the PV array when the battery is fully charged results in a loss of part of the available array power.The novel BVR described in this paper is designed to prevent such power loss from the PV array when the battery is fully charged. Instead of disconnection of the PV array, there is disconnection of the battery, and the load is directly connected to the PV array through a chopper circuit which ensures operation at maximum power or constant voltage according to load requirements. The importance of the novel BVR increases when the battery storage size is relatively small, and the frequency of disconnection of the PV array increases during the summer season.     

光伏系统蓄电池组不均衡性的故障分析及排除

蓄电池组是光伏系统的重要设备,其故障往往导致光伏系统不能正常运行。光伏系统蓄电池组的故障多数因其不均衡所致。文章分析了蓄电池组因不均衡性导致的故障,提出了故障预防措施和故障排除方法。     

Installation and use of a 3 kWp PV plant at Umbuji village in Zanzibar

This paper covers the installation and use of a 3 kW_p photovoltaic (PV) plant at Umbuji village, in Zanzibar, Tanzania. The PV system is intended to provide power supply for a village school, health centre, school staff quarters, and mosques. Further, it gives a detailed discussion of the main factors that govern the performance of each component of the PV system. Precautionary measures are well outlined in the document and concluded with some recommendations. Solar photovoltaic electric systems are one of the most clean, alternative, reliable sources of energy so far known. Solar cell technology is guaranteed for over 20 years and the advanced revolution in the battery industry has pushed the lifetime of batteries to 8–10 years. When properly designed, the installed systems are cost effective to power appliances in rural remote areas where the national grid connection does not reach or power supply is unreliable. The power management, i.e. charging and discharging of the battery, is controlled by a solar regulator so that it can meet the designed lifetime of the system. The lights and other appliances which are used in connection with the PV system are the most efficient advanced technology available that ensures minimum energy losses.     

西藏4kW风/光互补发电系统优化设计

根据在西藏一个实际村庄的风、光资源和负载特性，利用美国可再生能源实验室开发的混合发电系统性能模拟软件“Ｈｙｂｒｉｄ２”，模拟并比较了在该村庄利用风／蓄、风／光／蓄、光／蓄系统解决其基本生活用电的技术经济可行性。模拟结果指出，风／光／蓄混合发电系统是该村庄最适合的发电系统。文中还对风／光／蓄发电系统进行了优化设计。通过改变风资源数据，利用“Ｈｙｂｒｉｄ２”模拟和优化设计不同风速时的发电系统，结果显示在西藏那曲地区利用风／光混合发电系统解决无电村庄居民的供电问题是可行的。     

光伏电站免维护蓄电池的维护分析

通过分析光伏电站用蓄电池工作特点和影响使用寿命的主要因素，提出了用纵向对比和横向对比的相对比较方法来准确判断蓄电池单体的工作状态，依据工作状态决定对应的维护措施，同时认为给予欠充电的落后电池以适量补充电是最为有效的维护。     

Lead-acid battery use in the development of renewable energy systems in China

Policies and laws encouraging the development of renewable energy systems in China have led to rapid progress in the past 2 years, particularly in the solar cell (photovoltaic) industry. The development of the photovoltaic (PV) and wind power markets in China is outlined in this paper, with emphasis on the utilization of lead-acid batteries. The storage battery is a key component of PV/wind power systems, yet many deficiencies remain to be resolved. Some experimental results are presented, along with examples of potential applications of valve regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries, both the absorbed glass mat (AGM) and gelled types.     

Assessment of residential battery storage systems and operation strategies considering battery aging

With the increasing popularity of combining residential photovoltaic systems with battery storages, research, industry, and customers look for ways to determine if such an investment is economically profitable. Simulation programs may serve to predict the profitability and lifetime of the system. In this paper, we use techno-economic analysis with a specific account of battery degradation to determine profitability and lifetime of a residential photovoltaic (PV) battery system under different energy management and tariff regimes. This work presents two case studies: the first being a techno-economic comparison for a residential PV-battery system in New South Wales, Australia and Germany, and the second analyzing the profitability and degradation impact of three different operation strategies for a battery storage in Australia. The results reveal that site-specific conditions (i.e., geographical and energy-economic constraints) may have a significant impact on the ideal system configuration and ultimately the anticipated battery lifetime. Furthermore, statistical analysis of different storage operation strategies applied to various prosumer load and generation profiles reveals the effects of storage dispatch strategies on battery aging.     

Operational experience of a residential photovoltaic hybrid system

This paper reports on the operational experience acquired with a photovoltaic (PV) hybrid system installed as a line extension alternative at a residence located in northern New York State. The system includes an 850 W PV array, 25 kWh worth of battery storage, and a 4 kW propane generator. The paper features a detailed analysis of the energy flows through the system and quantifies all losses caused by battery storage round-trip, rectifier and inverter conversions, and non-optimum operation of the generator and of the PV array. The paper also analyzes the evolution of end-use electricity consumption since the installation of the PV hybrid system.