间十五烷基酚在正庚烷中密度和粘度的测定和关联

实验测定了温度为283．15～308．15 K条件下间十五烷基酚与正庚烷形成的二元体系的密度和粘度。通过拟合,得到了准确的模型参数,同时计算了测定值和计算值之间的误差。结果证明,数据和模型拟合效果良好, VTF方程的标准方差是0．78％,数据和模型对于间十五烷基酚分离提纯的工程设计非常有用。     

间十五烷基酚与丙烯酰氯酯化反应动力学

为开发间十五烷基丙烯酸苯酯(PDPA)制备工艺,及今后工业化生产提供基础的动力学数据支持。系统地研究不同温度下,无催化剂和以离子液体为催化剂条件下,间十五烷基酚(PDP)与丙烯酰氯合成PDPA的反应动力学。在无催化剂和敷酸剂条件下,酯化反应是二级可逆反应,正反应活化能64.8 kJ/mol,指前因子1.78×106L/(mol·min);逆反应活化能25.1 kJ/mol,指前因子2.25×103L/(mol·min)。在离子液体为催化剂、三乙胺为敷酸剂条件下,酯化反应是二级不可逆反应,反应活化能33.9 kJ/mol,指前因子5.05×103L/(mol·min)。     

水的饱和蒸汽压的计算

针对文献中计算水的饱和蒸汽压的安托尼方程适用温度范围较窄的情况,由文献实验数据拟合出了水的饱和蒸汽压的计算公式,该关联式的准确性和温度范围比文献公式有改进。     

间十五烷基酚乙醇溶液以及正己烷溶液密度与粘度的测定与关联

在常压条件下,利用比重瓶和乌氏粘度计,测定了间十五烷基酚分别与乙醇和正己烷形成的溶液在不同组成下的密度与粘度,并用VTF方程对所得到的数据进行关联,间十五烷基酚乙醇溶液的密度和粘度数据的标准偏差分别为0.15%和1.22%,间十五烷基酚正己烷溶液的密度和粘度数据的标准偏差分别为0.08%和0.15%,基本符合工程设计需要。     

水的饱和和蒸汽压的计算

针对文献中计算术的饱和蒸汽压的安托尼方程适用温度范围较窄的情况,由文献实验数据拟合出了水的饱和蒸汽压的计算公式,该关联式的准确性和适用温度范围比文献公式有改进。     

碳酸丙烯酯稀溶液饱和蒸汽压的测定

本文实验测定丙碳稀溶液饱和蒸汽压数据，用数学回归方法建立了浓度－温度－饱和蒸汽压三者关联式，为丙碳脱碳溶剂损耗等工艺提供更简便的计算式。     

对(艹孟)烷饱和蒸汽压的测定与关联

采用改进的Ellis平衡釜和毛细管气相色谱分析方法,测定了常压及气压为61．66～90．98kPa、温度424．89～444．31K条件下高浓度对meng烷体系的汽液平衡数据,根据稀溶液的溶剂符合Raoult定律的规则,使用EVIEWS数理统计软件推算出上述实验温度下纯对meng烷的饱和蒸汽压,然后采用最小二乘法编写VB程序回归出Antoine方程的各参数,回归相关系数达0．9989,建立了对meng烷饱和蒸汽压与温度的关联式,其计算值与实验结果的相对误差范围为0．60％～0．79％,为天然产物饱和蒸汽压的实验测定与关联提供了一种便捷的方法。     

纯液体饱和蒸汽压测定的实验研究

纯液体的饱和蒸气压是液体物质一个重要热力学参数,对其测量方法的研究具有重要的科学意义。本文设计了一种操作简单的纯液体饱和蒸汽压测定的实验装置,利用该装置我们测定了20℃、25℃、30℃下的环已烷、异丙醇及蒸馏水的饱和蒸汽压值。实验结果表明,测定的实验值与已有的文献值相对误差均在6%以内,测量精度较高。环已烷、异丙醇及蒸馏水饱和蒸气压值的精确测量证明我们设计的测定液体饱和蒸气压值的实验装置具有很好的可靠性。     

蒎烷饱和蒸汽压的测定与关联

采用改进的Ellis平衡釜和毛细管气相色谱分析方法，测定了常压及在绝对压力59．34～93．93kPa、温度421．23-441．06K条件下高浓度蒎烷体系的汽液平衡数据。根据稀溶液的溶剂符合Raoult定律的规则，由Raoult定律计算出上述实验温度下蒎烷和顺式蒎烷的饱和蒸汽压，然后使用FVIEWS数理统计软件回归出Antoine方程的A、B、C参数分别为：蒎烷9．299577，325．7533，-319．4974：顺式蒎烷9．27180l，321．8889，-319．400，从而建立了蒎烷和顺式蒎烷的饱和蒸汽压与温度的关联式。其计算蒸汽压的相对误差范围为0．046％-0．18％，并用对应态基团贡献法估算了蒎烷的蒸汽压，相对误差为1．4％。     

Determination of Vapor Pressures for Binary and Ternary Mixtures Containing Ionic Liquid 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium Bromide

Vapor pressure values of binary systems water + ethanol, water + ionic liquid 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([PMIM][Br]), ethanol + [PMIM][Br] and ternary system water + ethanol + [PMIM][Br] at different temperatures were measured by using a modified boiling point method in various concentrations of (16.66%, 33.7%), (17.4%, 33.9%) and (16.5%, 32%) mass percent of ionic liquid, respectively. The experimental vapor pressures of solvent were well correlated by the Antoine-type equation, and the overall average absolute deviation (AAD) was found to be 0.39%. The experimental results for mixtures containing ionic liquid indicate that the vapor pressure of the solvents can be decreased noticeably to different extent due to the affinity difference between ionic liquid and solvent, which is similar to the salt effect of common inorganic salts. As a result, ionic liquid may find industrial applications in extractive distillations for the system with a low separation factor or even for an azeotropic mixture.     

含离子液体溴化1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑的二元和三元体系的蒸气压测定

Vapor pressure values of binary systems water ＋ ethanol, water ＋ ionic liquid 1-propyl-3- methylimidazolium bromide （[PMIM] [Br]）, ethanol ＋ [PMIM] [Br] and ternary system water ＋ ethanol ＋ [PMIM] [Br] at different temperatures were measured by using a modified boiling point method in various concentrations of （16.66%, 33.7%）, （17.4%, 33.9%） and （16.5%, 32%） mass percent of ionic liquid, respectively. The experimental vapor pressures of solvent were well correlated by the Antoine-type equation, and the overall average absolute deviation （AAD） was found to be 0.39%. The experimental results for mixtures containing ionic liquid indicate that the vapor pressure of the solvents can be decreased noticeably to different extent due to the affinity difference between ionic liquid and solvent, which is similar to the salt effect of common inorganic salts. As a result, ionic liquid may find industrial applications in extractive distillations for the system with a low separation factor or even for an azeotropic mixture.     

压力容器蒸气爆炸现象研究进展

总结了当前研究对于蒸气爆炸机理的认识、蒸气爆炸压力的试验测量和理论计算的研究成果.分析了当前压力容器蒸气爆炸研究中存在的不足,提出了进一步研究的方向.     

水蒸气透过率、透过量与透过系数的应用

详细介绍了3项透湿性参数——水蒸气透过率、透过量和透过系数的定义、应用范围以及相互之间的差异和换算关系,同时对于目前国际国内标准中定义不清晰的情况给予了说明。     

石油产品饱和蒸气压测定方法探讨

介绍了石油产品饱和蒸气压常用测定方法,给出了各种方法的适用范围及其傀缺点。特别分析了蒸气压的现代测量方法（三级膨胀法、色谱法）和我国炼油厂中常用的雷德法的特点,得出应大力发展现代蒸气压测量技术,探索这些现代分析仪器对特定样晶的适宜的操作条件。     

CH_3CF_3的蒸汽压与临界参数实验研究

测量了CH_3CF_3 230K以上的蒸汽压与临界参数.蒸汽压测量精度为|△T|≤28mk和|△р|≤1.4Pa,结果对文献蒸汽压方程呈明显偏差.基于汽液界面消失位置和临界乳光现象,测定了临界密度ρ_c=442±4kg/m~3、临界温度T_c=346.16±0.05K,由本文蒸汽压方程算出临界压力ρ_c=3.781±0.006MPa.文中还给出了一个新的正常沸点推算值T_b=225.69K.     

新铃兰醛饱和蒸汽压测定和关联

采用静态法,利用Rose釜测定了新铃兰醛在391.85~416.35K范围的饱和蒸汽压,并用Antoine方程lnP=A-B/(T+C)进行关联,确定了蒸汽压方程的三个参数A=10.701,B=558.048,C=-296.730。新铃兰醛饱和蒸汽压测定值与上述Antoine方程关联值吻合较好,相对误差均在1%以内。所得饱和蒸汽压方程对新铃兰醛精馏分离设计和操作具有重要意义。     

1,3-二甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐的合成及其水溶液的蒸气压测定

In absorption cycles,ionic liquid(IL)1,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate([Dmim]BF4)may be a promising absorbent of working pair using water as refrigerant.The vapor pressures of[Dmim]BF4 aqueous solution were measured with the boiling-point method in the temperature range from 312.25 to 403.60 K and in the mass concentration range of 65%to 90%of[Dmim]BF4.The experimental data were correlated with an Antoine-type equation and the Non-Random Two-Liquid(NRTL)model,and the average absolute deviations between the experimental and calculated values were 1.06%and 1.15%,respectively.For the[Dmim]BF4 aqueous solution,the experimental vapor pressures show negative deviations from the calculated data with Raoult’s law.For higher mass concentration of the IL,the deviation is more negative.In addition,the vapor pressures,the hydrophilicity and the solubility of[Dmim]BF4 aqueous solutions were compared with those of[Dmim]Cl aqueous solutions and [Bmim]BF4 aqueous solutions at IL-mole fraction of 0.20.