形式背景的蕴涵规则提取算法

对形式概念分析中如何从概念格提取出形式背景的完备的无冗余的蕴涵规则集进行了研究,从数学理论上证明了通过求出的概念格中的每个概念的真内涵缩减集可以得到形式背景的完备的蕴涵规则集,提出了如何再去除其中的冗余蕴涵得到形式背景的完备的无冗余的蕴涵集合的方法并从数学理论上证明了该方法的正确性,给出了一个从概念格得到形式背景的完备的无冗余的蕴涵规则集的算法。     

蕴涵的决策蕴涵表示研究

形式概念分析能够使用概念格和(属性)蕴涵来对知识进行可视化和表示.决策蕴涵是一种特殊的蕴涵,而决策蕴涵的研究就是在蕴涵中建立并研究一个/多个封闭的子系统(包括决策蕴涵子系统及相应的语义和语构子系统).为了进一步厘清蕴涵和决策蕴涵之间的关系,对由决策蕴涵子系统能不能得到整个蕴涵系统进行了研究.事实上,如果蕴涵可以由决策蕴...     

模糊Horn子句规则挖掘算法研究

模糊关联规则可以用自然语言来表达人类知识,受到数据挖掘与知识发现研究人员的广泛关注。但是,目前大多数模糊关联规则挖掘方法仍然基于经典关联规则的支持度和可信度测度。从模糊蕴涵的观点出发,定义了模糊Horn子句规则、支持度、蕴涵强度以及相关概念,提出了模糊Horn子句规则挖掘算法。该算法可以分解为3个步骤。首先,将定量数据库转换为模糊数据库。其次,挖掘模糊数据库中所有支持度不小于指定最小支持度阂值的频繁项目集。一旦得到了所有频繁项目集,就可以用一种直接的方法生成所有蕴涵强度不小于指定最小蕴涵强度阂值的模糊Horn子句规则。     

多粒度形式概念分析的介粒度标记方法

现有的多粒度标记形式背景将所有属性的粒度标记值通过多个单粒度标记形式背景的并置予以表示,这可能导致后续相关问题的研究主要集中于多个单粒度标记形式背景的知识发现及其相互关系,不利于挖掘多粒度标记形式背景的多层次知识.通过重构单粒度标记形式背景的属性粒度标记值,在多粒度标记形式背景中研究介粒度标记形式背景,使得知识发现不仅仅局限于数据采集或表示所形成的粗细粒度标记数据,还包括跨粒度重组数据的知识发现.首先,提出介粒度标记形式背景的概念,给出相应的语义解释;其次,讨论介粒度标记形式背景的泛化与特化,在此基础上证明所有介粒度标记形式背景在泛化-特化关系下构成一个完备格;然后,给出多粒度标记决策形式背景的介粒度知识发现方法,得到粗细介粒度标记形式背景之间的决策蕴涵诱导关系;最后,实验分析表明介粒度标记方法的有效性和优势所在.     

Tsallis熵的参数在图像阈值分割中的应用

Tsallis熵引入非广延参数q,用于描述集合元素间的长程关联,在图像分割中有着广泛应用.从数学原理与实证两方面分析了q参数的作用,并确定了它的合理取值范围.对于目标和背景之间不存在明显关联的图片,用两个具有不同q参数的Tsallis熵分别描述目标集合与背景集合,提出一种新的双q值算法,选择合适的q值确定这两个集合各自的像素灰度关联强度.通过对一系列红外图片的阈值分割,验证了该算法的有效性.     

融合决策蕴涵的知识图谱推理方法

决策蕴涵是形式概念分析中的决策知识表示和推理工具。提出了一种基于决策蕴涵的知识图谱关系补全方法。基于知识图谱构建对应的决策背景,证明决策蕴涵可以等价表示知识图谱推理中的规则;为了快速挖掘决策蕴涵,对复杂的决策背景进行多次约简,证明约简后的决策背景也可以获取知识图谱推理中的规则;设计了从简化后的决策背景中获取决策蕴涵的算法,给出了使用决策蕴涵进行关系补全的步骤;最后通过实验验证了上述方法的有效性。该研究为完成知识图谱关系补全任务提供了新的思路,也为融合推理提供了一个新的选择。     

基于属性蕴含的形式背景的生成

形式概念分析是近年来发展较快的一种用于数据挖掘的工具,它广泛地应用于机器学习、软件配置、信息获取、知识管理和软件工程等领域。以前大家研究的内容都是基于属性之间没有关联,给出相应的形式背景,然后得出概念格的,并在此基础进行约简和优化。然而在现实中属性之间存在诸如蕴涵、依赖等关系的。本文论述了基于一些属性间的蕴涵式来生成一个形式背景的算法,拓广了形式背景的生成的方法。     

两个系统间的协调控制问题

提出了两个系统协调控制的概念,主要研究了不同系统间的互助合作问题,给出两个系统间可协调稳定的充要条件及构造协调控制律的算法,并举例说明了所给结果的有效性,这些结果都可以向多系统协调稳定问题推广.本文结果表明,在自反馈与关联反馈下两个系统之间很容易实现协调稳定.本文所给出的控制机制有可能在由子系统集成组合系统的过程中起到作用.     

一种近似概念格及其在知识发现中的应用研究*

针对经典概念格基于完备形式背景,在缺值形式背景下不能很好的获取关联规则知识的问题,在偏小近似形式背景的基础上,提出了一种τ-近似概念格来解决信息不完备背景下的知识发现问题,利用它能够获取精度和可信度较高的关联规则知识。文章对τ-近似概念格的构建及其关联规则提取过程进行了详细描述,并将其与偏小近似概念格和偏大近似概念格这两种解决策略进行了案例分析对比,验证了它的可行性和有效性。     

形式概念分析与集值信息系统

形式概念分析与粗糙集理论是两种有效的知识发现工具,已在各个领域获得成功应用。本文给出了一种将形式背景转化为集值信息系统的方法,证明了形式背景分析中的对象粒协调集与由该形式背景导出的集值信息系统的协调集是等价的,并且分析了形式背景中三种不同类型的对象粒属性特征。最后给出了形式背景中属性粒的概念及相关结论。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.