Numerical Modelling of Damage Response of Layered Composite Plates

The paper addresses the problem of impact on layered fibre composites. The behaviour of composite laminates under impact loading is dependent not only on the velocity but also on the mass and geometry of the impactor. Using micromechanical Mori-Tanaka approach, mechanical properties of the laminate have been calculated utilizing the material constants of the fibre and matrix. General purpose FEM software ABAQUS has been modified by means of user written subroutines for modelling of composite laminate and rigid impactor. The kinematics of the impact has been simulated using transient dynamic analysis. Employing user defined multi point constraints, delamination zones have been modeled and visualised     

Static Response of Geometrically Nonlinear Laminated Composite Plates Having Uncertain Material Properties

The effect of uncertainty in material properties on the transverse bending of laminated composite plate is investigated. The transverse shear and large rotations have been included in the system equation in the framework of higher order shear deformation theory. The analysis uses Green–Lagrange nonlinear strain displacement equations to model geometric nonlinearity. The stochastic finite element analysis is performed using a direct iteration approach to handle deterministic geometric nonlinearity and perturbation approach to handle the randomness in the material properties. Mean and variance of the transverse deflection have been obtained by employing a C⁰ isoparametric nonlinear finite element model.     

Nonlinear Viscoelastic Response of Unidirectional Polymeric Laminated Composite Plates Under Bending Loads

Nonlinear bending analysis of polymeric laminated composite plate is examined considering material nonlinearity for viscoelastic matrix material through a Micro–macro approach. The micromechanical Simplified Unit Cell Method (SUCM) in three-dimensional closed-form solution is used for the overall behavior of the unidirectional composite in any combination of loading conditions. The elastic fibers are transversely isotropic where Schapery single integral equation in multiaxial stress state describes the matrix material by recursive-iterative formulation. The finite difference Dynamic Relaxation (DR) method is utilized to study the bending behavior of Mindlin annular sector plate including geometric nonlinearity under uniform lateral pressure with clamped and hinged edge constraints. The unsymmetrical laminated plate deflection is predicted for different thicknesses and also various pressures in different time steps and they are compared with elastic finite element results. As a main objective, the deflection results of viscoelastic laminated sector plate are obtained for various fiber volume fractions in the composite system.     

A Study on the Charpy Impact Response of the Cracked Aluminum Plates Repaired with FML Composite Patches

Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) are widely used in aerospace industries nowadays. Reparation of the cracks in these advanced materials was first done by some aeronautical laboratories in the early 1970s. In this study, experimental investigations were done on the effects of repairing the edge-cracked aluminum plates using the FML patches. The repairing processes were conducted to characterize the response of the repaired structures to the Charpy impact tests. The composite patches were made of one aluminum layer and two woven glass–epoxy composite layers. Three different crack lengths, crack angles, and patch lay-ups were examined. It was indicated that for the lengthen cracks, the effect of increasing the crack angle on energy absorption in the structure was more. When the ratio of crack length to the specimen width, i.e., a/w, is 0.5, the energy absorption per unit area of the specimens having different crack angles but the same patch lay-ups was so different. It was also observed that the percentage of the absorbed energy of 45° cracked angle specimens was about 25% higher than the 0° ones. Also it was observed that the lay-up of the patches and the place where the metal layer was embedded in the FML patches had an important effect on the impact response of the tested specimens. The more the metal layer of the patches is far from the interfacial surface of the aluminum plate and the FML patches, the less the energy absorbs in the structure.     

轧制钛-钢复合板工艺综述

从轧制钛-钢复合板生产工艺的各工序入手,概述了钛-钢复合板生产的原料准备,隔离材料的选择及应用方法,组料前待贴合面的处理,主要的组料方式,加工温度的确定,压下制度的确定,轧后冷却制度的确定,热处理温度的选择,以及矫平处理等在近几十年的发展,归纳了轧制方法生产钛-钢复合板的优缺点.     

Flutter of Thermally Buckled Composite Sandwich Plates

A high precision high order triangular plate element is developed for the linear flutter analysis of thermally buckled composite sandwich plates. Due to uneven thermal expansion in the two local material directions, the buckling mode of the plate may be shifted from one pattern to another for certain fiber orientation or plate aspect ratio as the aerodynamic pressure is present. This buckle pattern change alters the frequencies and modes of the plate and that in turn changes the flutter coalescent modes. Numerical results show that temperature has a destabilizing effect on the flutter boundary but the aerodynamic pressure has a stabilizing effect on the buckling boundary.     

小波变换在爆炸焊接复合板超声检测中的应用

在传统超声波检测的基础上,利用小波变换将超声检测回波信号分解成不同频带上的信号成分,通过分析这些不同频带上的焊接界面回波和底面回波,结合爆炸焊接复合板不同结合界面对超声波传播的影响,检测出爆炸复合板界面的结合形态.钢钛爆炸焊接复合板的实验室检测结果表明,该方法具有检测方便、检测周期短和不破坏材料整体性的优点.     

Evaluation of the Strength of Bolted Joints of Composite Plates

Materials Science - We determine the bearing strength of many-row bolted joints of layered carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites according to the level of strains in the vicinity of a single...     

Rehabilitation of Composite Steel Bridges Using GFRP Plates

The current study is a part of an extensive research program conducted to assess the use of Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) sheets in enhancing the flexural capacity of steel beams. The properties of a heavy-duty adhesive system that can be used to bond GFRP sheets to the flanges of steel beams were experimentally determined in a previous study. The excellent performance of a W-shaped steel beam strengthened using GFRP sheets has encouraged the authors to assess the applicability of this technique to composite steel bridges.The dimensions and cross section properties of a real composite steel plate girder bridge are considered in a case study analysis. A detailed nonlinear numerical model is developed for the bridge before and after attaching GFRP sheets to the bottom flange of its steel girders. Nonlinear moving load analyses are first conducted to determine the critical truck locations that will lead to maximum GFRP axial stresses, and maximum adhesive shear and peel stresses. Using these configurations, nonlinear analyses are then conducted to assess the increase in the bridge capacity that can be achieved by bonding 38 mm GFRP sheet to the bottom flange of its steel girders.     

冲击荷载作用下轴向运动层合板非线性动力学响应

研究轴向运动层合板在冲击荷载作用下的非线性动力学响应。基于单层材料本构关系及大变形理论,考虑几何非线性得到冲击荷载作用下的轴向运动层合板非线性动力学控制方程;通过Galerkin法对控制方程进行离散得到模态方程组,用Runge-Kutta法对模态方程组求解,得到冲击荷载作用下轴向运动层合板的动态响应。讨论了轴向速度、冲击波峰值和相位持续时间对轴向运动层合板动力学响应的影响。     

Prediction of Impact-Induced Fibre Damage in Circular Composite Plates

A simple analytical impact damage model for preliminary design analysis is developed on the basis of experimental findings observed from quasi-static lateral load and low velocity impact tests. The analytical model uses a non-linear approximation method (Rayleigh–Ritz) and the large deflection plate theory to predict the number of failed plies and damage area in a quasi-isotropic composite circular plate (axisymmetric problem) due to a point load at its centre. It is assumed that the deformation due to a static transverse load is similar to that occurred in a low velocity impact. It is found that the model, despite its simplicity, is in good agreement with finite element (FE) predictions and experimental data for the deflection of the composite plate and gives a good estimate of the number of failed plies due to fibre breakage. The predicted damage zone could be used with a fracture model developed by the second investigator to estimate the compression after impact strength of such laminates. This approach could save significant running time when compared to FE numerical solutions. Corresponding author.     

复合材料层合板脱层诊断的实验研究

利用动态特性对复合材料层合板的脱层损伤进行无损检测,是一种方便、实用的方法.复合材料层合板发生脱层损伤时,其内部微观结构、应力分布以及材料性能参数都会发生变化,这些变化会引起材料的动态特性发生显著的变化.因此,分别研究层合板在健康状态下和损伤状态下的动态特性,就可以分析建立脱层损伤的诊断知识规则.     

Dynamic Instability of Rectangular Composite Plates under Parametric Excitation

The dynamic instability of rectangular graphite/epoxy composite plates under parametric excitation was investigated analytically and experimentally. In analysis, the dynamic system of the composite plate, obtained based on the assumedmodes method, is a general form of Mathieu’s equation, including parametrically excited terms. The instability regions of the system, each separated by two transition curves, were found to be functions of the modal parameters of the composite plate and the position and the excited amplitude of the electromagnetic device on the composite plates. The fiber orientation, the aspect ratio and the layer numbers of the composite plates were varied to assess their effects on the dynamic instability behavior of the composite plates. In experiment, an electromagnetic device, acting like a spring with alternating stiffness, was used to parametrically excite the composite plates. The frequency and the amplitude of the excitation force were accurately controlled by the AC current flowing through the coil of the electromagnetic device. Since the excitation force was a transversely non-contact electromagnetic force, the disturbances induced by the eccentricity of the usual planar excitation force and by the geometric imperfection of the composite plate were effectively avoided. The experimental results, for the cases of twice the fundamental frequency, were found to agree well with the analytical ones. The excitation frequencies at tip of instability regions decrease as the fiber orientation increases for composite plates with [±θ2]s lamination at bending mode; while the excitation frequencies increase to a maximum at 45° fiber orientation for composite plates with [±θ2]sslamination at torsional mode. The excitation frequency at tip of instability regions decreases for higher aspect ratios and thinner composite plates.     

Response of Elliptical Composite Cylinders to Axial Compression Loading

The results from semianalytical predictions and experiments are used to study the response of composite cylinders with elliptical cross sections loaded axially to a significant percentage of their buckling load. The semianalytical approach is based on the methods of Marguerre, Rayleigh-Ritz, and Kantorovich. The radius of curvature and the displacements are approximated by expansions in harmonic series in the circumferential arc-length coordinate, and the coefficients of the displacement series are unknown functions of x which are solved for using the finite-difference method. The primary features of the predicted response are first described. Then the experiments are described and results for elliptical cylinders with varying degrees of orthotropy are compared with predictions. Where appropriate, calculations based on the analysis of circular cylinders are compared with the semianalytical calculations for the ellipse. Correlation between experiments and predictions is good, and it is demonstrated that despite the noncircular cross section, many responses of an ellipse are very similar to the axisymmetric response of circular cylinders subjected to an axial load. The similarity is independent of the degree of orthotropy of the elliptical cylinder.     

敷设覆盖层圆板水下爆炸响应理论计算方法研究

为研究敷设覆盖层圆板水下爆炸响应,提出一种理论计算方法。敷设覆盖层对圆板水下爆炸响应影响包括两方面:一为对冲击载荷的影响,二为在冲击载荷作用下对响应的影响。该理论计算方法运用波在多层介质传播理论得到湿表面压力,并积分得到冲量,运用等效均一化理论得到覆盖层与钢板整体结构的等效参数,根据圆板振动理论得到圆板真空振动方程,通过考虑水附加质量的影响修正圆板振动频率,最后根据初始条件得到圆板的响应。将理论方法的结果与有限元结果通过实例进行对比,证明该理论计算方法可以很好地预测圆板振动的位移响应。     

On the Viscoelastic Response of Composite Laminates

The present work deals with the determination of theviscoelastic properties of composite laminates based on the viscoelasticbehaviour of the single lamina. A viscoelastic lamination theory isdeveloped assuming that the lamina stiffness matrix is fully complex andfrequency dependent.For the measurement of the complete setof frequency dependent viscoelastic properties of the single lamina(i.e. complex moduli and Poisson's ratio) a new methodology has beenintroduced, based on the free and forced vibration of unidirectional and[45/–45] _ns composite laminates.Allmeasurements have been performed both in air and in vacuum. Since thevibration amplitude was very small, in order to fulfil linearityrequirements, the results do not show any significant difference due toair damping.The effects of experimental errors on theevaluation of the viscoelastic properties of the single lamina have alsobeen discussed.     

Application of Composite Materials in the Fire Explosion Suppression System

In order to lighten the weight of the special vehicles and improve their mobility and flexibility,the weight of all subsystems of the whole vehicle must be reduced in the general planning. A fire explosion suppression system is an important subsystem for the self-protection of vehicle,protection of crews and safety of a vehicle. The performances of the special vehicles determine their survival ability and combat capability. The composite bottle is made of aluminum alloy with externally wrapped carbon fiber; it has been proven by a large number of tests that the new type explosion suppression fire distinguisher made of such composite materials applied in the special vehicle has reliable performance,each of its technical indexes is higher or equal to that of a steel distinguisher,and the composites can also optimize the assembly structure of the bottle,and improve the reliability and corrosion resistance. Most important is that the composite materials can effectively lighten the weight of the fire explosion suppression system to reach the target of weight reduction of the subsystem in general planning.