A Monolithic Buck Converter With Near-Optimum Reference Tracking Response Using Adaptive-Output-Feedback

A monolithic output-ripple-based buck converter with adaptive output and ultra-fast reference tracking is presented. Fixed-switching-frequency V²-control is used in steady-state operation; while its speed limitation during reference tracking is eliminated by employing end-point prediction, a novel oscillator with clock-holding function, and the proposed adaptive-output-feedback (AOFB)-scheme. The AOFB-scheme is obtained from a detailed analysis of the dynamics of general output-ripple-based controller during reference tracking. Then, an adaptive feedback voltage which satisfies the switching criterion for optimum switch control in reference tracking is formulated, and is incorporated into the controller design. The resultant single ON/OFF-switching during reference tracking is very close to the optimal solution for fast reference tracking. Moreover, it also leads to the lowest switching loss and minimized conduction loss at the fastest tracking speed, making the converter very suitable for adaptive-output applications. Fabricated in a 0.35 mum CMOS process, the 3-V input prototype chip exhibits stable operation across a wide output range of 0.7-2.4 V. High tracking speed within 10 mus/V is measured with different output voltages and output voltage steps. Maximum efficiency of 96% is obtained at 260 mA output current, while maximum output current is 800 mA.     

一种多模式高效率单片同步BUCK型DC-DC变换器

提出了一种可在两种控制模式下工作的峰值电流模式单片Buck型同步DC-DC变换器,在突发模式(Burst mode)下应用了动态部分关断技术(DPSS),使整个芯片的静态电流降低到63.5μA,并在宽负载范围内都有较高的效率.提出了一种适用于两种控制模式的电流检测和斜坡补偿叠加电路,提高了动态响应速度.该变换器采用0.8μm汉磊BCD工艺模型仿真,验证了设计的正确性.在4.2V转换1.5V的条件下,突发模式时,转换效率为84%;PWM模式时,转换效率为75.8%.在4.2转换到3.3V时,芯片能达到95.2%的最高转换效率,此时负载电流150mA.     

单片降压型DC-DC转换器的控制电路设计

基于峰值电流检测脉宽调制技术原理,设计了一种新颖的应用于单片降压型DC-DC转换器的控制电路。针对峰值电流采样和PWM比较器电路技术,提出了一种新颖的电路结构。其中,PWM比较器和逻辑及驱动电路由升压电路驱动,节省了一个电平转换电路,降低了电路功耗;PWM比较器直接对功率管和镜像管电流采样,无需使用运算放大器,简化了电路结构。采用华虹宏力BCD350GE工艺进行设计,流片测试表明,电路可实现3V到36 V宽幅输入,500 mA满载输出。在输入24 V电压,输出3.3 V电压时,纹波为2.3 mV。     

Fully Monolithic Cellular Buck Converter Design for 3-D Power Delivery

A fully monolithic interleaved buck dc-dc point-of-load (PoL) converter has been designed and fabricated in a 0.18-mm SiGe BiCMOS process. Target application of the design is 3-D power delivery for future microprocessors, in which the PoL converter will be vertically integrated with the processor using wafer-level 3-D interconnect technologies. Advantages of 3-D power delivery over conventional discrete voltage regulator modules (VRMs) are discussed. The prototype design, using two interleaved buck converter cells each operating at 200 MHz switching frequency and delivering 500 mA output current, is discussed with a focus on the converter power stage and control loop to highlight the tradeoffs unique to such high-frequency, monolithic designs. Measured steady-state and dynamic responses of the fabricated prototype are presented to demonstrate the ability of such monolithic converters to meet the power delivery requirements of future processors.      

集成于电流模降压型DC-DC变换器的电流采样电路

针对电流模降压型DC-DC变换器,提出了一种新颖的CMOS片上电流采样电路.该电路结构简单,易于集成,功率损耗小,且通过MOSFET的匹配使采样比例几乎不受温度、模型以及电源电压变化影响.并通过进一步的优化设计,使得响应速度更快,工作电压进一步降低.提出的采样电路在一款基于0.5μm CMOS工艺没计的单片电流模降压型DC-DC变换器中进行了验证.在2.5～5.5V的电压范围,0～2A的负载范围内芯片工作稳定,瞬态响应良好,且效率高达96%.     

一种新的应用于降压式DC-DC变换器电流采样电路的设计

在分析了传统的应用于大负载电流降压式DC-DC变换器电流采样电路主要缺点的基础上,提出一种新的应用于降压式DC-DC变换器的电流采样电路。该方法通过一个电阻电容网络来消除电感寄生电阻的影响,并利用开关电容积分器来实现降压式DC-DC变换器的电流采样,在Chartered 0.35μm CMOS工艺下实现该电路并流片验证。最终的测试结果显示,提出的电流采样电路实现了对降压式DC-DC变换器精确的电流采样。     

A Constant Frequency Output-Ripple-Voltage-Based Buck Converter Without Using Large ESR Capacitor

A constant frequency output-ripple-voltage based CMOS current-mode dc–dc buck converter, providing fast load transient response and reference-tracking speed, is proposed in this paper. Unlike ${V}^{2}$ control output-ripple-voltage based buck converter, the proposed buck converter can achieve fast and stable load transient response without relying on ESR value of output capacitor. In addition, the proposed converter has faster reference-tracking speed than the ${V}^{2}$ control counterparts by about 25 times.      

一种用于Buck变换器的带隙基准电压源

本文提出了一种用于Buck变换器的带隙基准电压源,该电路结构简单,性能可靠,可移植性好。当温度在-40℃~125℃范围内变化时,基准电压的典型温度系数为7.3ppm/℃。本设计采用0.6μm HVCD工艺进行仿真验证,Hspice仿真结果表明该带隙基准电压源能够满足Buck变换器系统的需求。     

一种高性能电压前馈Buck变换器

设计了一种前馈电路,电路产生的前馈信号受温度的影响很小,与电源成比例关系.结合前馈控制和反馈控制各自的特点,实现了一种性能优异的Buck变换器.采用0.6 μm 30 V BCD 工艺模型进行仿真验证.结果表明,基于此前馈电路的Buck变换器,其线性调整率可达到0.375%/V.     

一种基于Buck变换的新型逆变器

文中提出一种基于Buck变换的新型逆变方法,通过DC-DC变换实现逆变器的正弦波形输出,分析了电路的工作原理,并研究了该逆变器的控制策略、抗扰动性能、负载特性和动态响应特性等,仿真和实验结果表明,采用误差反馈PD控制,逆变器在输入直流电压或负载电流出现扰动时输出电压能保持动态稳定,且具有良好的负载外特性.与传统桥式逆变器相比具有低开关损耗、低成本等优点.     

一种用于Buck变换器的整流管驱动控制电路

介绍了一种用于断续导通模式Buck变换器的效率提升电路.详细分析了影响转换效率的关键因素,在此基础上提出了一种高效率的整流管驱动控制方案.该方案具备自适应死区时间和电感电流过零检测的功能,在兼顾系统功耗的前提下大幅优化了体二极管导通损耗和反向电感电流损耗,实现效率最大化.在0.18 μmBCD工艺下完成了设计和仿真,仿...     

模拟电流模式(ECM)控制的集成降压稳压器

本文介绍了降压稳压器基础、电流模式控制的操作、模拟电流模式控制的操作以及散热问题。最后,讨论了回路补偿设计的方法,并给出了降压-升压应用的实例。降压稳压器基础图1给出了降压稳压器的典型电路,包括功率管电流、续流二极管电流以及电感电流。图中忽略了功率管、续流二极管、电感等寄生电容,以及输出电容的ESR。这样有利于获得降压稳压器的一些关键特性,包括非绝缘接地、输出纹波电流以及高输入纹波电流,高端(浮动)门驱动电路等。     

A Current-to-Frequency Converter for Switched-Current Circuits

A current-to-frequency converter using switched-current (SI) circuits is proposed. The SI integrator with a hold-and-reset switch can control integration by the output signals. In the proposed circuit the oscillation frequency can be controlled by the input current, and the circuit is operated in the current domain. This is verified by HSPICE simulations.     

一种软开关Buck变换器的分析与设计

针对微波功率模块集成电源应用,研究了一种附加非最小电压应力无源无损缓冲电路的Buck变换器,通过缓冲元件的作用,实现了开关管的零电流开通（ZCS）和零电压关断（ZVS）,有效降低了开关损耗,同时将缓冲元件所存储的能量进行转移和反馈,达到了无损的效果。这里首先对变换器的稳态过程进行详细的时域分析;其次给出了一种基于开关损耗最小的参数优化设计方法;最后通过仿真和实验进行了验证。     

Generation of Generalized Impedance Converter Circuits Using NAM Expansion

The generation of the voltage generalized impedance converter (VGIC) circuits using a nodal admittance matrix (NAM) expansion is given in detail. Thirty-two equivalent circuits using current conveyors (CCII) or inverting current conveyors (ICCII) or a combination of both are generated. The reported circuits are suitable for realizing inductors or frequency dependent negative resistors (FDNR) using grounded passive elements. Similarly the generation of the current generalized impedance converter (CGIC) circuits published recently is reexamined and this resulted in 16 more new CGIC circuits using an alternative NAM expansion. Modification of two of the generated circuits to realize a floating inductor or floating FDNR is also given together with Spice simulation results.     

一种快速响应数字COT控制Buck变换器

提出了一种数字恒定导通时间(COT)控制的DC-DC Buck变换器。通过跨导放大器、流控振荡器(CCO)和数字滤波器对电感电流进行采样,形成电流内环。在基于ADC、PI补偿器的电压外环输出信号上叠加由误差电流、CCO产生的斜坡补偿信号,最终形成双环控制的Buck变换器电路。提出的数字谷值电流模COT控制方法采用数字电流内环和额外的斜坡补偿方式,加快了电路的瞬态响应,同时保持了数字电源高输出精度的特性。该Buck变换器在输入电压5 V、输出电压3.3 V、开关频率1 MHz下进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,负载上阶跃和下阶跃响应时间分别为11 μs和17 μs。     

A Note on the Generation of Generalized Impedance Converter Circuits Using NAM Expansion

The nodal admittance matrix (NAM) expansion is used to generate the voltage generalized impedance converter (VGIC) and the current generalized impedance converter (CGIC) with both A and D of the transmission matrix (T) being negative. Simulation results are included.     

A Monolithic 8-Bit Video A/D Converter

A monolithic 8-bit two-step flash type A/D converter has been designed. To obtain full resolution and good linearity at high frequencies, a double folding analog signal processing system is used. Delay time errors between the coarse and the fine quantizes used can be corrected for in this system. An on-chip input amplifier allows adjustment of the input sensitivity with a high input impedance and a low input capacitance. the 3 x 4.2 mm/sup 2/ chip made in a standard bipolar technology consumes 100 mA from a 5.2 V supply.     

一种10位乘法型D／A转换器的设计

本文介绍一种采用Ｒ－２Ｒ梯形电阻网络和ＣＭＯＳ模拟开关的典型结构的单片１０位Ｄ／Ａ转换器。在设计和制作上进行优化，不用激光修调能够达到１０位精度，在全温范围内有较高的温度跟踪特性。     

一种适用于单片集成DC-DC变换器的带隙基准电路

文章设计了一种用于单片集成DC-DC变换器的高性能带隙基准电压电路。当温度从-40℃～125℃变化时,温度系数为23ppm/k,其电源抑制比(PSRR)为54dB。当输入电压在2.5V～6V变化时,基准电压的变化范围为±0.055mV。