聚氨酯预聚体增韧酚醛泡沫保温板的性能

研究了聚氨酯改性剂改性酚醛泡沫,测试了改性酚醛泡沫的性能,采用热重、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜分析改性酚醛泡沫的微观结构,最终得到一种保温效果好、力学性能优异的新型酚醛泡沫。改性后酚醛泡沫具有如下特点:保温效果好,导热系数为0.030 W/(m·K);硬度大,表观密度可达40~60 kg/m3;韧性好,弯曲强度达2.1MPa,压缩强度提高16.5%,可达0.134 MPa。     

玻璃纤维改性酚醛泡沫塑料的研究

采用玻璃纤维(GF)改性酚醛(PF)泡沫塑料,考察了其阻燃性能、表观密度和力学性能。阻燃性能测试结果表明,GF的加入进一步提高了PF泡沫塑料的阻燃性能。表观密度测试结果表明,PF泡沫塑料的表观密度随着GF含量的增加而增大。力学性能测试结果表明,当GF长度为3 mm、质量分数在10%以内时,随着GF含量的增加,PF泡沫塑料的压缩强度和弯曲强度都有所提高;当GF质量分数超过10%后,随着GF含量的增加,PF泡沫塑料的压缩强度和弯曲强度逐渐降低。当GF质量分数为6%时,随着GF长度的增加,PF泡沫塑料的压缩强度有所降低,弯曲强度略有增加。当GF质量分数为6%、长度为3 mm时,PF泡沫塑料的的极限氧指数为48%,表观密度为50 kg/m3,压缩强度为0.30 MPa,弯曲强度为0.34 MPa,综合性能较好。     

玻纤增强酚醛泡沫的制备及性能研究

为了研究玻璃纤维长度及含量对酚醛泡沫性能的影响,分别将微米级玻纤粉、3mm短切玻纤和6mm短切玻纤按照一定比例添加到酚醛泡沫体系中,利用Instron万能材料试验机,分别测试玻纤增强酚醛泡沫的压缩、拉伸强度,并利用扫描电镜观察酚醛泡沫的微观形貌。结果表明,添加了12%的3mm短切玻纤增强酚醛泡沫压缩性能最好,其压缩强度比纯酚醛泡沫增加了38%;添加了8%的6mm短切玻纤增强酚醛泡沫拉伸性能最好,其拉伸强度比纯酚醛泡沫增加47%;添加了12%的3mm短切玻纤增强酚醛泡沫的阻燃性能最好,其极限氧指数为44.1。     

粗酚酚醛泡沫的制备及其性能研究

以粗酚、苯酚、多聚甲醛为原料合成了可发性粗酚酚醛树脂,发泡制备了粗酚酚醛泡沫。研究了粗酚用量对酚醛泡沫表观密度、吸水率、压缩强度、弯曲强度、阻燃性等性能的影响。并通过生物显微镜观察、TG分析对粗酚酚醛泡沫的结构和耐热性进行了表征。结果表明:粗酚的加入使泡沫的力学性能、泡孔分布均有所提高。其中粗酚质量分数为30%时,泡沫综合性能最佳,此时,压缩强度为0.206 MPa,弯曲断裂力为36 N,吸水率为5.99%,较纯酚醛泡沫有一定程度提高。粗酚酚醛泡沫氧指数大于40%,阻燃性能优异,导热系数0.031 W/(m.K),保温性能良好。     

HO-PDMS改性酚醛泡沫材料的性能研究

研究了低聚羟基封端聚硅氧烷(HO-PDMS)改性酚醛泡沫的性能,考察了HO-PDMS含量对改性酚醛泡沫表观密度、吸水率、压缩强度和阻燃性的影响。结果表明:含10%HO-PDMS改性酚醛树脂制成的泡沫压缩强度达到336 k Pa,是改性前的1.9倍左右;泡沫的阻燃性随HO-PDMS含量的增加而下降,在HO-PDMS含量为25%时,泡沫的氧指数仍保留在40%以上;改性泡沫的表观密度随增韧剂含量的增加而增加;HO-PDMS的添加有效降低了酚醛泡沫的吸水率。     

TiB_2增强酚醛泡沫的制备及性能

为提高酚醛泡沫材料的耐高温性能和高温裂解前后的力学性能,通过物理共混法在发泡酚醛树脂中添加二硼化钛(TiB_2)无机填料制备了酚醛/TiB_2泡沫复合材料。研究了泡沫复合材料的固化过程和在1 000℃下裂解前后的微观结构,以及不同的TiB_2颗粒含量对泡沫复合材料的热物理性能、裂解前后力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加的TiB_2颗粒并不能被引入到酚醛树脂的分子链中,但是能够与酚醛树脂裂解释放出的含氧气体发生氧化还原反应,将裂解气体中的C和O元素吸收并转化为无定形碳和TiO_2等固相产物,从而提高了酚醛泡沫的残炭率和裂解后的力学性能。随着TiB_2含量的增加,泡沫复合材料的残炭率以及裂解前后的表观密度、比压缩强度和比弯曲强度均呈上升趋势,其中裂解后的强度上升更为明显。当TiB_2用量为30份时,酚醛泡沫复合材料在1 000℃下裂解产物的残炭率、比压缩强度和比弯曲强度分别比纯酚醛泡沫材料提高了39.2%,76.5%和43.9%。     

建筑保温材料用酚醛泡沫的改性与性能

在苯酚、甲醛的聚合体系中添加硼酸和碳纤维,通过正己烷发泡剂的方法制备了硼改性和碳纤维复合的酚醛泡沫材料。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪、微控电子万能试验仪、冲击试验机、热失重分析仪等对酚醛泡沫的结构特性、力学性能和抗氧化性能进行表征与分析。研究结果表明,当表面活性剂吐温80的用量为4%~6%,发泡剂正己烷的用量为5%左右时,酚醛泡沫具有均一的孔结构和较高的表观密度;在反应体系中添加硼酸和碳纤维可改善酚醛泡沫材料的性能,添加7.2%含量的硼使得酚醛树脂具有最高的抗氧化性能,添加30%含量的碳纤维增强了酚醛泡沫材料的弯曲强度和冲击强度,其值分别达到132 MPa和52 k J/m2。     

玻璃纤维/芳纶纤维混杂增强酚醛泡沫的研究

利用玻璃纤维和芳纶纤维的混杂纤维增强酚醛泡沫,考察了玻璃纤维和芳纶纤维的混杂比对酚醛泡沫的压缩强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度的影响。结果表明,玻璃纤维能够大幅提高酚醛泡沫的压缩强度,且在混杂纤维增强的酚醛泡沫中,压缩强度随着玻璃纤维所占的比重的增加而增大;芳纶纤维能够大幅提高酚醛泡沫的冲击强度,且在混杂纤维增强的酚醛泡沫中,冲击强度随着芳纶纤维所占的比重的增加而增大;玻璃纤维和芳纶纤维均可提高酚醛泡沫的弯曲强度,但当二者以1∶1（质量比,下同）的比例混杂增强酚醛泡沫时,复合酚醛泡沫的弯曲强度达到最大,此时出现了两种纤维最优的混杂协同效应。     

复合改性酚醛树脂增韧酚醛泡沫的研究

通过在基础酚醛树脂的合成过程中同时引入长链酚(十五烷基酚)和长链醛(戊二醛),分别代替部分苯酚和多聚甲醛,制备了一种复合改性甲阶酚醛树脂,然后以之为改性剂对酚醛泡沫进行增韧。考察了该复合改性酚醛树脂对酚醛泡沫物理力学性能的影响。结果表明:复合改性酚醛树脂的引入显著改善了酚醛泡沫的韧性。另外,随着酚醛泡沫中复合改性酚醛树脂含量的增加,泡沫的弯曲位移增大、压缩强度下降、表观密度增加,吸水率则先减小后增大,而泡沫的氧指数仅略有下降。     

高硅氧玻璃纤维改性泡沫炭复合材料的制备与性能

为了提高传统泡沫炭的力学性能和电磁屏蔽效能,分别以碳纳米管(CNTs)改性酚醛树脂为主要碳源,酚醛空心微球为闭孔相,短切高硅氧玻璃纤维作为添加相,制备了不同高硅氧玻璃纤维含量的多孔泡沫炭复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜、万能试验机和网络分析仪,研究了玻璃纤维含量对泡沫炭复合材料的微观结构、力学性能、电磁屏蔽效能的影响。结果表明：引入质量分数0.9%的CNTs,泡沫炭复合材料的压缩强度最高,达21.3 MPa,较纯泡沫炭提升了16%;而玻璃纤维的加入并没有明显改善泡沫炭复合材料的压缩强度,但提高了其断裂韧性。质量分数8%的玻璃纤维掺杂泡沫炭复合材料的电磁屏蔽效能最好,在8.2～12.4 GHz下的均值为74 dB,较纯泡沫炭提升了76%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.