X射线激励下的气隙放电现象探讨

试验研究了Ｘ射线激励下的气隙放电现象,在低电压下,这种放电是一种非自持性放电,利用这一特征,有助于发展低电压下的局部放电检测和定位。     

基于准直的X射线进行油间受激放电的定位

试验表明,在对X射线进行准直处理后,实现X射线激励下油间隙局部放电的定位是可能的,这一方法有望成为油纸绝缘系统局部放电定位的新手段。     

X射线激励下介质中气隙放电的研究

针对油-纸绝缘系统中的局部放电问题,提出在X射线激励条件下的局部放电检测和定位新方法。实验表明,X射线照射可以电离气体原子,为气隙放电提供必需的初始电子,减小放电的统计时延,从而降低放电的起始电压、增加放电脉冲的次数,这一结果有利于局部放电的检测和定位。     

X射线辐照对局部放电的影响

为在电力变压器的局部放电检测和定位中利用X射线的激励作用,对X射线辐照条件下,油中固体介质内气隙放电以及油中放电进行了模拟试验,研究表明X射线可降低局部放电起始电压增加放电强度。     

变压器局部放电测量中的干扰因素及提高信噪比的新方法

阐述了变压器局部放电测量中的干扰因素及其抗干扰的方法。提出在辅助Ｘ射线激励条件下测量局部放电的新方法，以提高测量的信噪比。     

基于X射线激励下的局部放电检测及定位新方法

在一定电压下，采用Ｘ 射线照射可激发或加强绝缘介质内气隙的局部放电，借此可有效地确定介质内的局部放电点。进行的实验结果证明了此法的有效性     

X射线激励下的油间隙放电现象

目前变压器局部放电位广泛采用超声波定位方法。由于变压器局部放电信号同弱以及现场干扰强烈等原因,使这一方法的有效性受到限制。本文实验研究了X射线激励下油间隙局部放电现象。实验发现,在X射线照射下,油／纸绝缘中的某些局部缺陷部位会因此发生局部放电,其效应与X射线光子对金属导体表面产生的光电效应以及油介质状态有关。在封闭型间隙中,导体表面受激产生了大量的电子并注入油间隙中,由于油的流动性受到极大限制,其间聚积的带电粒子可能在油和固体绝缘界面形成空间电荷层,在外加电压作用下,油间隙局部电场明显加强,从而导致油间隙的放电起始电压降低,局部放电加强,利用这一特性有可能为变压器局部放电的检测和定位提供一种新方法。     

检测GIS固体绝缘内部放电缺陷的特高频和X射线数字成像联合方法研究

相比超声波局部放电检测法,特高频局部放电检测法对GIS固体绝缘内部放电缺陷检测灵敏度和定位精度较高,但无法确证此类缺陷部位和类型,据此制定的设备检修策略难以保证完善、准确。因此,文中研究了特高频局部放电和X射线数字成像联合检测GIS固体绝缘内部放电缺陷的方法,使用特高频局部放电检测法对固体绝缘缺陷进行检测和定位后,在设备检修期间应用X射线数字成像技术对缺陷进行可视化确证。该方法在某110kV变电站110kV GIS的带电检测中成功发现隔离开关绝缘拉杆内部电树枝缺陷,表明了该方法有助于提升GIS固体绝缘内部局部放电的检测和定位效果,为检修提供可靠依据。     

检测GIS固体绝缘内部放电缺陷的特高频和X射线数字成像联合方法研究

相比超声波局部放电检测法,特高频局部放电检测法对GIS固体绝缘内部放电缺陷检测灵敏度和定位精度较高,但由于无法确证此类缺陷部位和类型,据此制定的设备检修策略难以保证完善、准确。因此,本文研究了特高频局部放电和X射线数字成像联合检测GIS固体绝缘内部放电缺陷的方法,使用特高频局部放电检测法对固体绝缘缺陷进行检测和定位后,在设备检修期间应用X射线数字成像技术对缺陷进行可视化确证。该方法在某110 kV变电站110 kV GIS的带电检测中成功发现隔离开关绝缘拉杆内部电树枝缺陷,表明该方法有助于提升GIS固体绝缘内部局部放电的检测和定位效果,为检修提供可靠依据。     

油/纸绝缘中的受激放电现象分析

分析了油 /纸绝缘中气隙和油间隙受激放电特征 ,认为绝缘中受激产生的带电粒子是促使放电的产生和发展的首要原因。X射线激励下油 /纸绝缘中的放电特征有助于变压器局部放电的检测和定位     

变压器特高频、超声波侵入式PD联合检测技术

最新颁布的IEC TS 62478-2016《高电压技术-电磁和声学法测量局部放电》国际标准,指出了现有的外置式超声波法测量PD主要存在:设备外壳对声波的衰减和不同介质声阻抗引起的传输多路径问题。笔者基于变压器放油阀结构,将特高频(UHF)天线和压电陶瓷声发射(AE)传感器进行一体化设计,再考虑电磁波和超声波信号耦合、防变压器油渗漏两个主要问题的基础上,加工研制了能够同时耦合UHF、AE信号的侵入式PD复合传感器。110 kV变压器内置尖端放电下与外置式压电陶瓷AE传感器的对比试验表明:所设计的UHF、AE侵入式PD复合传感器能够有效探测到油中微弱放电产生的具有特定时间差Δt的电磁波和超声波信号,这为变压器PD检测提供了一种全新的"声-电"即UHF、AE联合检测技术。     

Application of common transformers faults diagnosis methods on biodegradable oil-filled transformers

Due to environmental concerns regarding the use of mineral oil, biodegradable oil is increasingly being used as an alternative dielectric fluid. This paper presents results of experiments performed in the laboratory on the use of biodegradable oils for transformer application. The investigations cover two important diagnostic techniques for insulation assessment: (i) an investigation of partial discharge (PD) activity and characteristics in such oils and (ii) an investigation of the standard hydrocarbon dissolved gas products produced due to transformer faults. The fundamental aim of the investigation was to provide information as to whether the existing analysis techniques of PD fault pattern recognition and dissolved gas analysis methods, developed for mineral oil, are valid when used for insulation assessment with biodegradable transformer oil. The experiments were conducted on test samples to simulate three common types of transformer faults: low-energy PDs, high-energy arcing/sparking, and overheating. For the purpose of comparison, the same tests were performed using a mineral oil (Shell Diala MX) and a biodegradable oil (Envirotemp FR3). Also, each oil type was tested at three different moisture levels and with or without the presence of solid insulating materials (pressboard). PD activity was monitored using the standard IEC60270 phase-resolved analysis method. The fault gases produced were extracted and analysed by standard gas chromatography methods. Test results indicate that the PD phase resolved patterns are, in general, similar for the two oil types and thus existing PD pattern interpretations can be used to distinguish different types of PD faults, e.g. corona versus surface discharges. However, the values of various discharge quantities (PD magnitudes, repetition rate, current, etc) are very different under the same test condition. The quantities and the trend of dissolved gases for faults in biodegradable oil are substantially different compared with mineral oil. For the PD fault, biodegradable oil was found to release only a limited number of gases. For arcing and overheating faults, the main key gas produced is different between the two oils. Also, the presence of cellulosic materials such as pressboard influences the extent of hydrocarbon gases dissolved in the oil. It was found that for biodegradable oil, fewer amounts of gases are produced as the oil gets wetter.     

Initiation and formation of partial discharges in mineral-basedinsulating oil

This paper reports the results of fundamental investigations concerning the behavior of partial discharges (PD) in mineral-based oil with the aim of characterizing the physical mechanisms that lead to the initiation and formation of PD pulses. First the influence of the parameters temperature, moisture, pressure and oil condition on the PD inception voltage, the apparent charge and the number of PD pulses are introduced. Furthermore some results achieved by investigating the shape of PD pulses and the behavior of visible PD channels using the Schlieren technique are explained. The paper ends with a discussion of the obtained results     

纤维杂质对油纸复合绝缘局部放电特性影响研究

为研究纤维杂质对油纸绝缘局部放电特性的影响,搭建了直流油纸绝缘实验平台,观测了油中纤维杂质产生及成桥过程,就杂质成桥的动力学基础进行了分析,并对杂质影响下的油纸绝缘局部放电频数、平均放电量及最大放电量等特征参数进行了研究。结果表明,直流电压下纤维杂质在油中受电场力、重力、浮力及油黏性阻力作用。当杂质所在处场强大于2.12×105 V/m时,纤维杂质以缓慢速度向高压电极运动,且沿电压梯度最大方向成桥;纤维杂质畸变电场可使油纸绝缘局部放电频数上升、放电量下降。进一步实验表明,纤维小桥可导致油隙内泄漏电流增加,引起局部发热,并使油中水分局部气化为微小气泡。直流电压下低电导率气泡承担较强电场,先于变压器油发生放电,宏观表现为更加密集且强度较低的局部放电。     

油纸屏障对变压器局部放电超高频检测信号的影响

受变压器内部复杂结构的影响,局部放电超高频信号在变压器内部的传播特性非常复杂。笔者通过变压器局部放电超高频实验研究,分析了油纸屏障对变压器局部放电被测超高频信号的影响。设计了油中气隙放电、油中沿面放电和油中电晕放电3种局部放电模型,在实验油箱中进行局部放电实验,采用超高频小环天线进行放电信号检测,在有无油纸屏障情况下获得了局部放电超高频信号实测数据,对所测局部放电超高频信号在时域和频域上进行了对比分析。结果表明,油纸屏障对超高频信号幅值衰减及信号功率谱有一定影响。     

基于超高频和超声波相控接收原理的油中局部放电定位法仿真研究

提出一种基于超高频和超声波相控接收阵的局部放电定位法。该方法以分别检测局部放电产生的超高频和超声波信号的相控接收阵构成平面传感器,以超高频相控接收阵检测到的局部放电超高频电磁波信号作为时间基准,由此得出接收到的超声波信号的时延,进而计算出放电点与传感器间的距离;再根据相控阵扫描的方位角和仰角,与算出的距离一起就可得出局部放电源的几何位置。多个空间位置不同的局部放电,其产生的最大信号所处的对应于空间角度的波束阵列的位置不同,相对于同一采样起始点的时间基准不同,而且时间间隔也不同,因此还可实现多局放源的定位。对这一设想进行仿真研究,结果表明该方法能对油中局部放电进行较精确的定位,并可较好地解决多局放点定位问题。     

Polarity Effect and Electromagnetic Radiation of Partial Discharge Accompanying Growth of Electrical Tree

We have investigated the characteristics of radiated electromagnetic (EM) waves from positive and negative partial discharges (PD) in epoxy resin and cross‐linked polyethylene. We found that there is a correlation among the EM level from PD, the positive PD current, and electrical trees. Therefore, the growth of an electrical tree produces a lot of positive PD. We have also investigated the characteristics of the frequency region of EM waves from PD in air, insulating oil, and liquid epoxy in addition to the above insulators. EM waves were detected in the frequency region of 40 MHz to 300 MHz from positive and negative PD in epoxy resin and cross‐linked polyethylene. EM waves were also detected in the frequency region of 40 MHz to 150 MHz from positive and negative PD in air. In the case of insulating oil and liquid epoxy, EM waves were detected in the frequency regions of 40 MHz to 150 MHz from positive PD, and 40 MHz to 250 MHz from negative PD. The frequency region differed depending on the material and the discharge polarity. Our investigation indicates that the cause is differences in electric field strength at the time of PD occurrence.     

电力变压器典型局放模型放电脉冲的特性研究

构造了几种典型的变压器局部放电模型 ,利用研制的宽带测量系统提取其放电脉冲波形。分析表明 :变压器油中的放电不稳定 ,放电脉冲存在振荡分量 ;不同放电波形的特性参数有差别 ,这些特征可用作放电类型识别的依据