新型超稠油取样器的三维数值模拟

超稠油是高粘高密度的稠油,目前超稠油油田中使用的取样器多是短管与管线相接,通过露天阀门进行取样,不仅易发生冻堵现象,取样误差大,而且连续取样为防盗工作带来不便。为了完善超稠油的取样技术,设计出一种可在管线内旋转取样的取样器,能在旋转的过程中将被困流体整体取出,充分利用管线内流体温度防止冻堵现象的发生。本文通过数值模拟分析了温度、流速和旋转速度对取样误差的影响,给出了该种取样器的最佳适用范围,并且对旋转过程中管线中的压力进行了安全性分析,对油田中的超稠油取样具有一定的指导作用。     

自制出厂水泥自动取样器

为了确保出厂水泥的质量,供物理检验用的水泥试样必须具有代表性。最近我们试制成一台出厂水泥自动取样器,该取样器能定时、定量地连续取样。经使用表明:该取样器工作可靠,运行稳定,取样具有代表性。一、构造取样器主要由叶轮式取样体,牵引电磁铁和电子开关组成。 1.叶轮式取样体     

自动粉料取样器高负压取样的问题及处理

<正>某5000t/d生产线,在原料及水泥粉磨与输送等部位,分别设置12台自动粉料取样器。按照取样有代表性的原则,取样器均安装在负压较小或没有负压的部位。但由于下料管道存在大小不等的负压,使用一段时间后,发现有的取样器不能正常取样;有的经与人工取样比较没有代表性。项目部经过分析,最终找到了问题的根源并采取措施,使问题得到解决。1设备工作原理和安装要求自动取样器适用于固体粉状干燥物料,利用螺旋输送机传送原理进行取样,插入深度250~380mm,温     

一种自制的简易进堆石灰石取样器

1存在问题多数水泥企业用自动取样器对进均化堆石灰石的质量进行预前控制。当石灰石粒度均匀,粉料和泥杂量较少时,自动取样器的取样代表性较好,而当石灰石质量总体较差,粉料与泥杂量较大时,自动取样器取样代表性则偏差,无法有效预前控制。因此,此种情况下进堆石灰石取样方式显得尤为重要。     

水泥定容式连续取样器

我厂在目前水泥厂常用的取样器如钢丝、钢球取样器及自动连续取样器等的基础上,自行设计了一种“定容式连续取样器”,它克服了我厂现用取样器橡皮筋易拉断的缺陷,并且,取样器每次取样量都是固定的,一段时间内取样量的多少,完全可以通过调整电磁铁振打器频率控制,不...     

新型超稠油取样器的二维数值模拟

目前常规超稠油取样器通常是短管与管线相接进行局部取样,样品含水率误差大;并且由于取样器暴露在室外冬季易冻堵。为完善取样技术,设计了一款新型球形阀旋转取样器,通过球形阀的旋转将管道中一段区域内的流体完整取出,有效减小取样误差,并且取样过程不影响管道正常运行,还可充分利用管道中流体的温度,避免发生冻堵现象。通过数值模拟分析含水率、流体速度、油品粘度及球形阀旋转速度对样品含水率误差的影响。通过计算分析可得适用于该取样器的最佳工况条件,对该新型超稠油取样器在实际生产中的应用及推广有一定的指导作用。     

乙烯裂解气在线分析仪自动清焦取样器

简述乙烯裂解气在线分析仪取样的特点和各种取样器的优劣比较,详细介绍了自动清焦取样器的特点、结构和功能。     

无动力连续取样器

我公司自行设计制作了一种无动力连续式取样器,它主要用于生料、水泥粉状物料连续不间断的取样,其结构简单、制作容易。它克服了过去购买的几种电动取样器磨损快、维修频繁、耗电量大等缺陷和人工定期间断式取样所造成的偶然性多、波动性大、真实性差等缺点。现简要介绍如下。     

超稠油高温取样器的研究与应用

目前超稠油集输工艺下SAGD井普遍采用从换热器出口考克进行取样,取样结果比较准确。"十一五"期间,SAGD井要实现规模集输工艺,此时取样必须从井口进行取样,但SAGD油井井口温度在1~180℃、压力1M Pa左右,井口取样油样会发生闪蒸,结果不准确,并且操作时安全性较差,所以研究一种高温取样器来保证规模实施高温集输工艺后的取样的真实性和安全性是目前急需解决的重要问题。针对这种情况,研制了自动高温取样器,从目前的取样对比实验看,自动高温取样器能够实现井口的自动化取样、安全取样、准确取样,可以用于规模实施高温集输工艺后的SAGD生产井取样。     

简易高效取样器

我公司有5条回转窑生产线,化验室曾采用过国内多家厂制造的粉料取样器,普遍存在取不到样、故障率高和使用寿命短的情况,给取样工作带来诸多不便。进口取样器的可靠性高,但其价格高且配件采购不便。针对上述情况我公司自行研制了一种取样器,用于固体粉状干燥物料,如水泥生料、水泥、煤粉等。其取样方式为自动连续;取样量可随机调整,可安装在螺旋输送机侧下部或其它下料溜子处。1原理取样器由执行机构、储料装置和电气控制三部分组成,执行机构见图1。图1取样器结构原理该取样器是应用活塞传送原理,由减速电动机通过联轴器与拉杆连接。物料的一…     

WALL SAMPLING FROM HORIZONTAL SLURRY PIPELINES

An experimental study of the errors associated with wall sampling from a horizontal slurry pipeline has been conducted. Experiments were performed for water-sand slurries flowing in a one inch horizontal pipeline. The effects of particle size (0.08 mm to 0.4 mm), upstream slurry solids concentration (4% to 12%, by volume), upstream bulk velocity (1.8 m/s to 4.0 m/s), sampler diameter (4 mm to 25.4 mm), sampler location, and sampling velocity ratio (defined as the ratio of the sampling velocity to the upstream bulk velocity, 0 to 4.5) on the sample solids concentration and sample particle size distribution were examined.

The experimental results show that the observed sample solids concentration and its particle size distribution are functions of the sampler location, sampler diameter and sampling velocity. For the case of sampling from the top or from the side of the pipe, the sampling efficiency (defined as the ratio of the sample solids concentration to the upstream solids concentration) was found to be always less than unity, and it increases as the sampling velocity increases. Also, the sample mean particle diameter is significantly smaller than that in the main pipe, especially at low sampling velocities. For sampling from the bottom of the pipe, the relation of the sampling efficiency to the sampling velocity ratio exhibits a maximum, and the sample mean particle diameter is very close to that in the main pipe.

The operating conditions upstream of the sampler also affect the sample solids concentration and its particle size distribution. The importance of the upstream bulk velocity, upstream solids concentration and particle size on the sample efficiency and sample particle size distribution depend on the sampler location.     

全自动汽车煤炭采制样机的研究

介绍了全自动煤炭汽车采制样机的构成模块;分析了车辆信息采集、三维坐标点选取、采样方式及采样点坐标的测量、采样系统编码模块、采样系统与其他系统的接口等功能;该系统的应用实现了煤炭采制样系统真正意义上的全自动控制,引领了采样机控制技术的发展方向。     

自动取样器在油品罐区中的应用

文章对传统手工取样存在的问题进行分析,介绍了油罐自动取样器的安装原理、技术特点及其适用范围。     

湿氯气的密闭取样研究探讨

湿氯气中含有游离氯气、水汽、氯化氢,具有极强的腐蚀性,可以腐蚀钢材及大多数金属,湿氯气的密闭环保取样在化工生产中尤为重要。介绍了一种安全环保的湿氯气密闭取样,阀门管线选用了聚四佛乙烯材质,取样钢瓶内做聚四佛内衬,选用手动活接与钢瓶连接,防止了因腐蚀导致采样器的泄漏。     

Development of a Personal Sampler for Collecting Fungal Spores

Exposure to fungal aerosols is of concern in indoor environments. However, sampling limitations have previously made it difficult to assess exposures accurately, especially long-term exposures. A prototype personal aerosol sampler, based on cyclone principles and using a 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube as a particle collection receptacle has been designed and fabricated. Collection efficiency for aerosol particles in the size range of fungal spores has been evaluated for different types of microcentrifuge tubes, together with the effect of a polyethylene glycol coating on the inside of the tube and the effect of adding water to the tube. Monodisperse, fluorescently tagged polymer microspheres with median diameters of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, and 16 μm were used to evaluate sampler performance with particle diameter. The microcentrifuge-tube sampler was tested at flow rates of 2 and 4 liters per minute (l/min). Experimental results indicate that the microcentrifuge-tube sampler has an aspiration efficiency of 100% in calm air for particles up to 16 μm. At 4 l/min, the microcentrifuge-tube sampler is able to collect nearly 100% of particles greater than 3 μm and > 90% of particles between 2.5 and 3 μm. The 50% cutoff size is 1.5 μm. The performance of the sampler did not vary with the different brands of tubes tested or with the presence or absence of a coating on the tube surface. Furthermore, the addition of water to the tube resulted in a slight increase in collection efficiency. A sampling time of 5 h was feasible at 45–50% relative humidity before evaporation led to significant water loss.

The cutoff size of 1.5 μm is comparable to many commercially available bioaerosol samplers. Besides being easy to use, simple to fabricate, and inexpensive, this novel sampler has several advantages over conventional samplers: long-term samples are possible (the limitation of impaction methods); there is no sample transfer loss since the transfer step has been eliminated (the limitation of filter cassettes); laboratory analyses are not dependent solely upon a single analysis method (the limitation of impaction methods), and there is no sampler adherence loss (the limitation of trying to wash microorganisms from filters). In addition, use of the sampler would be applicable in a variety of occupational settings from low bioaerosol concentrations (i.e., indoor environments) to high bioaerosol concentrations (i.e., agricultural setting) by varying sampling time periods and using sensitive analytical methods.     

事故氯引风机连锁装置

从经济、安全、环保等方面分析现有事故氯风机连锁装置不足之处。比较2种止回装置——加装自控阀和添加水封装置的优缺点,选用风机出口水封装置代替自控阀实现风机互相切换,将风机出口至水面的垂直高度提高至1 000 mm,将出口管道浸入水中的深度由300 mm改为50 mm,很好地解决了启动、运行电流高的问题。实践证明,该装置不但能保证安全环保,而且投入少、维护方便、运行成本低,能达到良好的使用效果。     

天然气水化物防治

天然气脱水是管道安全输送或进行轻烃回收前必不可少的环节。只有将天然气中的水汽含量控制在工艺流程要求的范围内,才能保证气体输送或冷凝分离法轻烃回收工艺的实施。本文详细介绍了天然气脱水工艺,并对比各种脱水工艺优劣与使用条件。     

硫酸电导浓度仪不同取样方法比较及插入式无电极电导传感器在硫酸测量中的应用

介绍LS型无电极电导传感器的技术指标,插入式传感器的安装结构。与抽出式取样相比,其安装简单,工艺参数与测量时一致,浓度指标稳定可靠,无酸渗漏,应用于LM65～LM105等硫酸浓度仪,已在多家硫酸厂使用,解决了抽出式取样的各种弊端。     

油气管道泄漏检测技术概述

油气管道泄漏将造成巨大的经济损失和环境污染，因此，研究并选择合适的油气管道泄漏检测技术尤为重要。总结了国内外油气管道泄漏检测与定位的一些技术，以及各种方法的原理与优缺点，并对存在的问题和发展方向进行了说明。