Higher-order statistics-based input/output system identification and application to noise cancellation

Higher-than-second-order statistics-based input/output identification algorithms are proposed for linear and nonlinear system identification. The higher-than-second-order cumulant-based linear identification algorithm is shown to be insensitive to contamination of the input data by a general class of noise including additive Gaussian noise of unknown covariance, unlike its second-order counterpart. The nonlinear identification is at least as optimal as any linear identification scheme. Recursive-least-squares-type algorithms are derived for linear/nonlinear adaptive identification. As applications, the problems of adaptive noise cancellation and time-delay estimation are discussed and simulated. Consistency of the adaptive estimator is shown. Simulations are performed and compared with the second-order design.Part of the results of this paper were presented at the workshop on HOSA, Vail, CO, June 1989, and at the International Conference on ASSP, Albuquerque, NM, April 1990. The work of G. B. Giannakis in this paper was supported by LabCom Contract 5-25254.     

Adaptive Input Design for Identification of Output Error Model with Constrained Output

Optimal input design for system identification is an area of intensive modern research. This paper considers the identification of output error (OE) model, for the case of constrained output variance. The constraint plays a very important role in the process industry, in the reduction of degradation of product quality. In this paper, it is shown, in the form of a theorem, that the optimal input signal, with constrained output, is achieved by a minimum variance controller together with a stochastic reference. The key problem is that the optimal input depends on the system parameters to be identified. In order to overcome this problem, a two-stage adaptive procedure is proposed: obtaining an initial model using PRBS as input signal; application of adaptive minimum variance controller together with the stochastic variable reference, in order to generate input signals for system identification. Theoretical results are illustrated by simulations.     

动态系统多层网络模型的递推辨识算法研究

本文基于对多层前向神经网络学习训练获得最优权集合过程看成是非线性动态系统模型参数自组织、自学习的辨识过程，阐述了基于多层前向网络描述体系的定常和时变非线性动态系统的ＧＢＰ（广义反向传播算法）自适应递推辨识算法和模型的校验。ＧＢＰ递推算法包括在采样时间段上的纵向参数辨识过程和时序上的横向滑动辨识过程，它是现有多层网络学习算法的拓广，仿真研究表明该算法的有效性。     

A microprocessor system for surveillance of sensors via autoregressive identification

This paper presents an on-line sensor tester based on autoregressive models. The noisy signal delivered by the sensor is analysed as a response of a linear system to a white noise excitation. This model is identified and then used to obtain an estimation of the frequency and step responses of the sensor.After this identification stage, the model and its characteristics are used to determine whether or not the sensor is in working order. This decision concerning the sensor state is taken following statistical criteria.The main part of the paper discusses the theoretical background of the realized device: choice of the model and order determination, model validation, responses calculation and decision on the sensor state. Results of the preliminary study in simulation are shown. Then the hardware and software of the realized device are described as well as the obtained performances.     

基于改进粒子群算法的红外WSN覆盖研究北大核心CSCD

为了提高红外无线传感器网络覆盖效果,采用改进粒子群算法。首先建立红外无线传感器网络覆盖模型,包括无线传感器的覆盖率、剩余能量率、利用率;接着对粒子进行方向感知,粒子的适应度函数值与自身当前最佳值比较,获得不同的更新速度与位置,为了避免进化过程中受方向感知粒子过度引导,自适应感知因子在算法运行初期设置较大值,而在算法运行后期设置较小值;最后构建粒子群适应度函数,给出了算法流程。实验显示本文算法增加了覆盖率,减少了功耗,同时也降低了传感器节点利用率,不同场景下本文算法评价指标较优。     

On-line estimation of signal and noise parameters with application to adaptive Kalman filtering

This paper presents two algorithms for on-line estimation of the optimal gain of the Kalman filter applied to sensor signals when the signal-to-noise ratio is unknown. First-order spectra of a pure signal and colored measurement noise have been assumed. The proposed adaptive Kalman filtering algorithms have been tested for various spectra of the pure signal and noise, and for various signal-to-noise ratios. The effect of the length of an adaptation step and a sampling frequency on the mean square errors of the pure signal estimation has also been examined. Although the test have been performed for stationary signals, the algorithms presented can also be used successfully for time-varying sensor signals when the signal-to-noise ratios vary very slowly in comparison with the length of the adaptation step.The results are helpful for designers who synthesize optimal linear digital filters for sensor signals with first-order spectra and colored measurement noise. The estimation error curves presented enable designers to determine the noise reduction attainable for particular applications of the adaptive Kalman filtering algorithms.     

Fluctuation control for many-to-one routing in wireless sensor networks

This paper presents a distributed and adaptive fluctuation control scheme for many-to-one routing(FCM) in wireless sensor networks.Unlike well-known topology control schemes,the primary design objective is to reduce the fluctuation which happens due to overload of sensors in a data collection tree.More specifically,an estimation model of a sensor available capacity based on the number of its neighbors is proposed.In addition,this paper proposes a parent selection mechanism by three-way handshake.With such model and the selection mechanism,it is ensured that the load of a sensor does not exceed its available capacity.Finally,an adaptive maintenance mechanism is proposed to adjust the estimation of a sensor available capacity as the network environment changes.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme.     

Statistical analysis of neural network modeling and identificationof nonlinear systems with memory

The paper presents a statistical analysis of neural network modeling and identification of nonlinear systems with memory. The nonlinear system model is comprised of a discrete-time linear filter H followed by a zero-memory nonlinear function g(.). The system is corrupted by input and output independent Gaussian noise. The neural network is used to identify and model the unknown linear filter H and the unknown nonlinearity g(.). The network architecture is composed of a linear adaptive filter and a two-layer nonlinear neural network (with an arbitrary number of neurons). The network is trained using the backpropagation algorithm. The paper studies the MSE surface and the stationary points of the adaptive system. Recursions are derived for the mean transient behavior of the adaptive filter coefficients and neural network weights for slow learning. It is shown that the Wiener solution for the adaptive filter is a scaled version of the unknown filter H. Computer simulations show good agreement between theory and Monte Carlo estimations     

Generating optimal adaptive fuzzy-neural models of dynamicalsystems with applications to control

The paper describes an approach to generating optimal adaptive fuzzy neural models from I/O data. This approach combines structure and parameter identification of Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy models. We propose to achieve structure determination via a combination of modified mountain clustering (MMC) algorithm, recursive least squares estimation (RLSE), and group method of data handling (GMDH). Parameter adjustment is achieved by training the initial TSK model using the algorithm of an adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), which employs backpropagation (BP) and RLSE. Further, a procedure for generating locally optimal model structures is suggested. The structure optimization procedure is composed of two phases: 1) locally optimal rule premise variables subsets (LOPVS) are identified using MMC, GMDH, and a search tree (ST); and 2) locally optimal numbers of model rules (LONOR) are determined using MMC/RLSE along with parallel simulation mean square error (PSMSE) as a performance index. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by a variety of simulation examples. The examples include modeling of a nonlinear dynamical process from I/O data and modeling nonlinear components of dynamical plants, followed by tracking control based on a model reference adaptive scheme (MRAC). Simulation results show that this approach is fast and accurate and leads to several optimal models     

改进权值算法在物联网噪声过滤中应用

提出了一种自适应线性权值算法过滤传感网散粒噪声,算法首先提取散粒噪声的特征参数,然后对参数进行线性迭代变换,计算获得自适应权值参数,从而有效实现对散粒噪声的过滤。实验结果表明,该算法能过滤传感网中的散粒噪声,且效果良好。     

A Genetic‐Algorithm‐Based Optimized Clustering for Energy‐Efficient Routing in MWSN

With the increasing demands for mobile wireless sensor networks in recent years, designing an energy‐efficient clustering and routing protocol has become very important. This paper provides an analytical model to evaluate the power consumption of a mobile sensor node. Based on this, a clustering algorithm is designed to optimize the energy efficiency during cluster head formation. A genetic algorithm technique is employed to find the near‐optimal threshold for residual energy below which a node has to give up its role of being the cluster head. This clustering algorithm along with a hybrid routing concept is applied as the near‐optimal energy‐efficient routing technique to increase the overall efficiency of the network. Compared to the mobile low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol, the simulation studies reveal that the energy‐efficient routing technique produces a longer network lifetime and achieves better energy efficiency.     

Improved adaptive observer with optimal convergence

A simple technique for simultaneous parameter identification and state estimation of linear discrete systems is presented. The gradient method is used for identification and the global stability of the scheme is guaranteed by the use of Lyapunov's method. The optimal adaptive gains are also considered for more rapid convergence.     

2500kW同步电机中基于MRAS的电压模型改进

本文针对2500kW同步电机交一直一交变频调速系统,提出了一种基于模型参考自适应算法(MRAS)的转速辨识方法,依照MRAS方法把得到的转速自适应结构运用到系统中,替代了电机上的传感器和系统的磁链观测单元,达到了转速和磁链幅值、角度的一同辨识,并在PSIM中构建了仿真模型。结果表明,采用无速度传感器的矢量控制方法具有较好的准确性以及更好的鲁棒性。     

极化域-空域联合的四元数APES波束形成算法

为了得到稳定的波束方向图、进一步提高极化敏感阵列的滤波性能,文中提出了一种极化域 空域联合的四元数幅度相位估计(Q-APES, Quaternion-Amplitude and Phase EStimation)自适应波束形成算法。首先,利用四元数信号模型很好的保持了两分量阵列各阵元输出信号分量之间固有的正交特性,使得该模型较传统的长矢量模型更适合于极化敏感阵列信号处理。然后,将纯空域的APES算法拓展到极化域-空域联合处理中,给出了Q-APES算法的理论推导和分析,得出了四元数最优滤波权向量,并通过仿真实验验证了文中算法的有效性。计算机仿真结果表明,在强期望信号、低采样快拍数或是入射干扰信号与期望信号相干的情况下,文中算法都可以很好的实现极化域-空域联合自适应滤波。      

Adaptive quantized target tracking in wireless sensor networks

This paper addresses target tracking in wireless sensor networks (WSN) where the observed system is assumed to evolve according to a probabilistic state space model. We propose to improve the use of the variational filtering (VF) by optimally quantizing the data collected by the sensors. Recently, VF has been proved to be suitable to the communication constraints of WSN. Its efficiency relies on the fact that the online update of the filtering distribution and its compression are executed simultaneously. However, this problem has been used only for binary sensor networks neglecting the transmission energy consumption in a WSN and the information relevance of sensor measurements. Our proposed method is intended to jointly estimate the target position and optimize the quantization level under fixed and variable transmitting power. At each sampling instant, the adaptive method provides not only the estimate of the target position by using the VF but gives also the optimal number of quantization bits per observation. The adaptive quantization is achieved by minimizing the predicted Cramér–Rao bound if the transmitting power is constant for all sensors, and optimizing the power scheduling under distortion constraint if this power is variable. The computation of the predicted Cramér–Rao bound is based on the target position predictive distribution provided by the VF algorithm. The proposed adaptive quantization scheme suggests that the sensors with bad channels or poor observation qualities should decrease their quantization resolutions or simply become inactive in order to save energy.     

基于自适应噪声抵消的无线传感网络信道优化

无线传感器网络通信技术广泛应用在物联网近场通信、水声通信等领域。无线传感网络通信信道受到多途干扰,导致信道失衡,需要进行信道均衡模型设计。提出一种基于自适应噪声抵消的无线传感器网络通信信道优化技术,首先构建了无线传感器网络通信的信道模型,对无线传感器网络信道传播过程中衰减损失和各条路径的信号进行重组,采用自适应噪声抵消算法进行信道的多途干扰滤波,结合最小二乘（ RLS）准则算法进行无线传感器网络通信信道均衡设计。仿真结果表明,采用该通信信道均衡技术能有效提高无线传感器网络通信的信道质量,降低通信传输失真和误比特率,实现信道自适应均衡,提高通信的抗干扰能力。     

Modeling and identification of electrohydraulic servos

In general, design of adaptive controllers requires a proper model of the actual plant. This is normally done by considering a discrete-time linear model and estimating its unknown parameters, periodically. In this note, we discuss some practical issues concerning the identification of electrohydraulic actuators, using discrete-time linear models.     

机动目标自适应高斯模型与跟踪算法

提出了一种描述机动目标运动状态的自适应高斯模型,在这种模型中,机动目标的加速度被认为是具有非零均值、时间相关的随机过程,并假定其概率密度函数服从高斯分布。指出了机动目标运动模型的均值和方差与目标机动加速度最佳当前估计值之间的关系,在此基础上,提出了相应的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法。仿真结果表明,该算法对机动目标在不同机动方式下的位置、速度和加速度均有良好的跟踪效果,且所需计算量小。     

A STATISTICAL NOISE MODEL AND MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF SPECKLE PATTERN AND ADAPTIVE FILTERING APPROACH

A statistical noise model and a mathematical model for real speckle pattern are presented in this paper, and then, in view of the models, a new adaptive suboptimal image filtering approach is proposed. The proposed approach, with the local direction features of speckle pattern, combines the characteristics of optimal linear filter with non-linear filter and is an adaptive approximation to linear minimum mean square error filter. Experimental results show that the proposed approach has fairly good edge-preserved performance, compared with other present image filters, as well as much better filtering performance and robustness for speckle pattern.