Iterative nonlinear detection for SFBC SC–FDMA uplink MIMO transmission systems

Single‐carrier frequency division multiple access (SC‐FDMA) systems with space frequency block coding (SFBC) transmissions achieve both spatial and frequency diversity gains in wireless communications. However, SFBC SC‐FDMA schemes using linear detectors suffer from severe performance deterioration because of noise enhancement propagation and additive noise presence in the detected output. Both issues are similar to inter‐symbol‐interference (ISI). Traditionally, SC‐FDMA system decision feedback equalizer (DFE) is often used to eliminate ISI caused by multipath propagation. This article proposes frequency domain turbo equalization based on nonlinear multiuser detection for uplink SFBC SC‐FDMA transmission systems. The presented iterative receiver performs equalization with soft decisions feedback for ISI mitigation. Its coefficients are derived using minimum mean squared error criteria. The receiver configuration study is Alamouti's SFBC with two transmit and two receive antennas. New receiver approach is compared with the recently proposed suboptimal linear detector for SFBC SC‐FDMA systems. Simulation results confirm that the performance of the proposed iterative detection outperforms conventional detection techniques. After a few iterations, bit‐error‐rate performance of the proposed receiver design is closely to the matched filter bound. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种基于误差传递的短波信道均衡方法

电离层的不同传播模式是导致短波数字通信出现码间串扰的主要原因,为克服码间串扰,本文提出一种基于误差传递的短波信道均衡方法,并以青岛-长春链路为例进行了数值仿真和天波试验.数值仿真和空间链路试验表明,与非线性数据定向均衡方法相比,本文方法得到的信息符号的误差方差降低了约50%,而且在低信噪比情况下更有优势.     

一种水声通信Turbo均衡中的软迭代信道估计算法

Turbo均衡技术是水声相干通信克服信道多径、消除码间干扰(ISI)的有效工具。Turbo均衡实际使用时需要对时变、多径信道进行良好的估计。为了提高信道估计的效果,该文基于时变横向滤波和相位旋转信道模型,提出一种水声通信Turbo均衡中的软迭代信道估计算法。该算法采用快速自优化最小均方算法得到各数据符号处的横向滤波器系数矢量并与二阶锁相环联合优化计算。通过仿真比较,该算法明显优于硬迭代信道估计算法,且相位估计性能优于其他文献中的软迭代信道估计算法。在海上试验中,水声通信距离5 km,方向近似垂直,接收阵起伏周期10 s,起伏幅度5 m左右,在此情况下进行数据采集。将该算法用于对海试数据的单通道Turbo均衡处理,实现无误码输出,验证了所提算法在软迭代信道相位估计方面的优势。     

基于并行干扰抵消的OFDM/OQAM系统中的信号检测方法

在多径衰落信道中,基于交错正交幅度调制的正交频分复用(OFDM with Offset QAM, OFDM/OQAM)系统使用迫零均衡器进行信号检测时,不能完全消除信道复数特性和滤波器实数正交特性引入的时域符号间干扰和频域子载波间干扰,及信道估计误差导致的误码率性能损失。该文利用对数据初始判决并重构相邻载波及符号间干扰的思想,通过分析采用迫零均衡信号检测时的残余干扰与信道估计误差干扰,提出了一种基于并行干扰抵消和迫零均衡器结合的OFDM/OQAM信号检测方法,并在IEEE 802.22 技术标准的两种典型多径衰落信道中进行了计算机仿真与比较研究。仿真结果表明,与基于迫零均衡的检测方法相比,基于并行干扰抵消的迭代信号检测方法在误码率为1%时,可获得1 dB至2 dB的性能提升。     

一种IR-UWB系统FS-DFME均衡接收机

该文针对在密集多径室内环境中超宽带(UWB)信道的延迟扩展时间长,脉冲超宽带(IR-UWB)系统在高速数据传输时码间干扰(ISI)严重致使误码率(BER)增加以至于系统无法工作的问题,基于ISI的成因,提出了一种分数间隔判决反馈居中均衡(FS-DFME)均衡接收机,该均衡接收机能够联合实现匹配滤波和信道均衡,从而能够有效地收集多径信号能量和抑制ISI影响。研究结果表明均衡接收机的观察窗口长度是影响ISI消除效果的重要参数;与线性均衡(LE)和分数间隔判决反馈非居中均衡(FS-DFNME)均衡接收机相比,FS-DFME均衡接收机能够更加有效地消除ISI,提高系统的BER性能。     

修正恒模算法分数间隔盲均衡

分数间隔均衡(FSE)能够降低对时间同步误差的敏感性,本文通过修正恒模算法(CMA)的误差函数,提出了一种分数间隔盲均衡修正恒模算法(MCMA).利用通信信号8PSK,对修正恒模算法和传统恒模算法进行了盲均衡性能比较,在噪声环境下的频率选择性信道中,MCMA比CMA具有更强的鲁棒性.模拟结果显示MCMA能够通过提高收敛速率、降低稳态均方误差和符号间干扰(ISI),有效地改进了信道均衡性能.     

一种针对MCM互连的10 Gbit·s-1自适应收发器

均衡和预加重方法是实现MCM高性能收发器的关键。文中采用MCM互连的四端口[WTHX]S[WT5"BZ]参数传输线模型获得了信号衰减分布规律。在此基础上,采用0.13 μm CMOS工艺,设计了一种基于MCM互连的高速收发器:发送端采用二阶预加重技术提高了信号高频分量的增益,并通过高速CML驱动电路发送数据;接收端采用连续时间线性均衡器和基于LMS算法的自适应均衡器。仿真结果表明,该结构的MCM收发器完成了对10 Gbit·s^-1随机信号的收发,补偿了高达-30 dB的互连损耗,并消除了码间干扰(ISI),总功耗仅为23.3 mW。     

The ISDN U interface and transceiver

This paper describes the integrated services digital network (ISDN) basic rate interface (BRI) two-wire U interface and the transceiver necessary for the digital transmission of 160 kb/s of information over unshielded twisted pair transmission media. Topics discussed include the U interface structure and framing as described in the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) T1.601 specification, and the VLSI implementation of the ISDN U transceiver. Pertinent transceiver design issues addressed include the type of line code used, such as 2B1Q or 4B3T, echo cancellation, near end crosstalk, equalization and sampling rates.     

Diversity Combining and Equalization with TCM for Wireless Communications

This paper presents an equalization structure in which antennadiversity, adaptive decision feedback equalization (DFE), interleavingand trellis-coded modulation (TCM) can be effectively combined to combatboth ISI and cochannel interference in cellular mobile radioenvironments. The feedback filter of the DFE can use either tentative orfinal decision symbols of the TCM Viterbi decoding to cancel tail ISIwith the square root Kalman algorithm. A performance bound on theaverage pairwise error probability for TCM under perfect interleavingand equalization is obtained by analysis. Some simulation results whichillustrate the potential of the proposed system will also be given. Inparticular, a performance comparison between the proposed method anduncoded QPSK modulation will be undertaken.     

A 200-Mbps 0.02-nJ/b Dual-Mode Inductive Coupling Transceiver for cm-Range Multimedia Application

A 200-Mbps 0.02-nJ/b dual-mode inductive coupling transceiver is proposed for cm-range multimedia application. The inductive link geometry and the advantage of the pulse-based inductive coupling are explained. In this paper, the parallel capacitor connected with the TX inductor, the intersymbol interference (ISI) reduction scheme, and the pulse generation scheme are newly proposed. The parallel capacitor connected with the TX inductor increases the transmitter impedance so that it enhances the transmission distance by twofold, and the ISI reduction scheme pushes data rate up to 200 Mbps. Moreover, the pulse generation scheme reduces the energy consumption as low as 0.02 nJ/b. Maximum data rate and energy consumption are achieved in simulation. The transceiver occupies $0.012~{hbox {mm}}^{2}$ in 0.25-$mu{hbox {m}}$ CMOS process.      

高阶调制通用恒模盲均衡算法

在无线通信高速数据传输中,限带效应及多径信道带来的码间干扰(ISI)严重影响接收信号的质量。目前广泛采用恒模盲均衡算法(CMA)消除ISI,但是对于高阶非恒定幅度调制信号,CMA算法收敛后的稳态误差很大,收敛效果较差。该文在改进原CMA算法误差更新函数的基础上,提出了一种新的均衡算法。新算法有效地降低了高阶调制下均衡器的稳态偏差并能适应各种调制体制。理论分析和数值仿真给出,新算法在MQAM以及MAPSK调制下都较原CMA算法性能有较大的提升,适合应用在高阶调制体制的通信系统中。     

单载波通信系统的迭代频域合成均衡算法

为提高符号间干扰(ISI)信道条件下信号接收的可靠性,该文研究单载波通信系统的多天线空间分集接收问题,提出一种迭代频域合成均衡算法。该算法推导先验信息条件下合成均衡器的频域传输函数,并借助快速傅里叶变换(FFT)实现合成均衡器系数和均衡滤波的高效计算。仿真结果表明,相比时域算法,该算法能够在不损失性能的前提下,大幅降低运算复杂度。与单载波频域均衡(SC-FDE)算法相比,该算法不需要在数据传输的结构中插入循环前缀(CP),提高频谱利用率,能够直接应用于现有单载波通信系统。     

Improved Nyquist filter characteristics using spline interpolation

This paper presents and investigates a novel approach for constructing a family of intersymbol interference (ISI)-free pulses that shows comparable or better ISI performance in the presence of sampling errors, compared with some recently proposed pulses. We propose and discuss a new parametric method for the design of Nyquist filter characteristics using constraints in frequency characteristics construction. The method for constructing the filter characteristics uses a piecewise polynomial approximation of an ideal optimized staircase characteristic by spline functions. The spline polynomials are used to approximate a function that must pass through specified points. The performances of new ISI-free pulses are studied with respect to the ISI error probability. This family provides flexibility in designing an appropriate pulse even after the roll-off factor has been chosen. The results for error probability outperform the fourth-degree polynomial pulse [4].     

CD3S通信的软件无线电实现

针对混沌直接序列扩频(Chaotic Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum,CD3S)通信技术的实现问题,提出了一种CD3S通信的软件无线电实现方案,阐述了CD3S通信系统发收机的设计方法。发射机由软件实现信息码的混沌扩频,并通过硬件平台完成发射。接收机由硬件平台完成下变频与采样,然后通过软件实现定时同步、载波同步与信息解调。信息解调由多滤波器解调算法实现。在多滤波器解调算法中,由无损卡尔曼滤波(Unscented Kalman Filter,UKF)估计混沌码、卡尔曼滤波(Kalman Filter,KF)估计信道参数和最小均方误差(Minimum Mean Square Error,MMSE)滤波估计信息码这3个滤波器交替工作,通过联合估计实现信息码的解调。实验结果表明,该方案可以实现CD3S通信。     

OFDM系统在循环前缀不足时的两种高效迭代均衡方法

本文提出两种新的用于循环前缀(CP)不足时正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的迭代均衡方法。首先,我们提出并行迭代均衡(PIE)方法,该方法分别使用时域判决反馈方法和频域并行迭代方法来消除符号间干扰(ISI)和子载频间干扰(ICI)。为了改进PIE的性能,提出基于高斯-塞德尔迭代的串行迭代均衡(SIE)方法。在不增加计算复杂度的情况下,SIE具有比PIE更快的收敛速度。仿真结果表明,新方法可以在几次迭代后得到接近CP足够情况下的系统性能,PIE的性能与传统的迭代干扰消除方法相同,而SIE则提供好得多的收敛性能。     

单载波频域均衡系统中一种简化的IBDFE算法

在单载波频域均衡系统中,线性均衡算法虽然简单易行,但是其抑制噪声干扰和符号间干扰的能力有限,因此需要引入非线性的反馈和迭代机制以进一步提升系统性能.迭代块判决反馈均衡（Iterative Block Decision Feedback Equalization,IBDFE）就是一种行之有效的非线性算法,但其缺点是计算复杂度高.鉴于此,在IBDFE结构的基础上,利用最小均方误差准则,推导出了一种新的简化算法.之后,对简化后算法和现有低复杂度算法的均方误差（Mean Square Error,MSE）性能进行了理论分析和比较,并在两种无线多径衰落信道下对三种不同的算法进行了仿真.结果表明,在所给信道条件下,这种算法在迭代两次后已基本收敛.同时,仿真也验证了MSE分析的结论.最后,对算法复杂度的分析和比较表明,提出的简化算法相比传统IBDFE算法,其误比特率性能有所下降,但能有效地减小计算量.     

瑞利衰落信道下的Turbo均衡

Turbo均衡是一种将Turbo原理和均衡技术结合起来的技术。他通过反复均衡和信道译码来提高接收机性能。针时瑞利衰落信道，采用基于线性滤波器的软输入／软输出均衡器来消除码间干扰，其系数由最小均方误差准则确定。译码器采用最大后验概率算法时卷积码译码。考虑到瑞利衰落信道为随机信道，用非相干检测时信道进行估计。接收机通过联合均衡和译码以充分利用已经获得的信息，实现信道估计及信道均衡与信道译码的迭代更新。仿真结果表明其性能不仅远远优于非迭代系统．而且在信噪比高于4dB时几乎可以完全消除符号间干扰的影响，与MAPSE相比其复杂度大大降低。     

SC-FDE系统的一种新型判决反馈均衡器

针对单载波频域均衡系统MMSE均衡器存在残留码间干扰的缺点,提出MMSE-RISIC判决反馈均衡器消除残留码间干扰.MMSE-RISIC均衡器采用传统MMSE均衡后的判决数据,对残留码间干扰进行估计并消除.残留码间干扰的估计主要采用FFT和IFFT运算,与其他方法相比计算量较小.对该均衡器在不同信道下进行了计算机仿真,结果表明,在频率选择性衰落信道条件下,系统性能有了较为明显的提高.     

Joint MF combining and turbo equalization for wireless communications over ISI channels with diversity reception

A new method called joint Matched Filter (MF) combining and turbo equalization is proposed for wireless communications over Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) channels with diversity reception. This method takes diversity combining and equalization as integrity and need just one turbo equalizer for all diversity branches. Computer simulations prove that our method can take advantage of turbo equalization and diversity reception to combat fading of wireless channels.     

ISI-free FIR filterbank transceivers for frequency-selectivechannels

Discrete multitone modulation transceivers (DMTs) have been shown to be very useful for data transmission over frequency-selective channels. The DMT scheme is realized by a transceiver that divides the channel into subbands. The efficiency of the scheme depends on the frequency selectivity of the transmitting and receiving filters. The receiving filters with good stopband attenuation are also desired for combating narrowband noise. The filterbank transceiver or discrete wavelet multitone (DWMT) system has been proposed as an implementation of the DMT transceiver that has better frequency band separation, but usually, intersymbol interference (ISI) cannot be completely cancelled in these filterbank transceivers, and additional equalization is required. We show how to use over interpolated filterbanks to design ISI-free FIR transceivers. A finite impulse response (FIR) transceiver with good frequency selectivity can be designed, as demonstrated by the design examples