支持自适应过程中分析与规划的软件体系结构模型

模型驱动的软件体系结构自适应是支持软件适应性的主要方法之一,其重点是基于模型来支持适应过程中的分析和规划.但是已有的方法和实现大多特定于体系结构描述语言,导致复用性和集成性比较差.由于使用标准的模型技术能够提高方法的复用性和集成性,总结了分析和规划中所需的模型以及模型上的操作,并考察了如何在体系结构建模语言中引入标准模型技术进行支持.基于分析所得的设计原则,对ABC-ADL进行扩展,并且在实现中使用模型转换和模型查询等标准化技术来支持分析和规划.以ECPerf系统中一个性能相关的不良模式自适应分析和规划的过程为例,展示了如何使用扩展后的ADL对分析规划过程进行支持.此外,其中使用2种不同的分析方法,展示了如何使用ADL复用和集成不同的分析和规划方法.     

一个全特性软件通信架构核心框架的实现

介绍了一个全特性的软件通信架构(Software Communication Architecture,SCA)核心框架（Core Framework,CF)C 语言实现。还对在实现过程中发现的一些SCA架构相关的问题进行了简单的讨论。     

一种支撑电信新业务的软件过程建模方法

基于对软件过程建模基本方法的研究,针对支撑电信新业务领域的软件过程建模特征,提出了一种在业务运营支撑系统(OSS/BSS)中支撑电信新业务的软件过程建模方法。经实际应用,该方法能较好地指导实际工作,具有一定的实用性。     

An Architecture for Supporting Multi-Device, Client-Adaptive Services

The original idea of the World Wide Web was to create a universe of network-accessible information. Since its inception, the World Wide Web has evolved from a means to help people access and use information into an interactive medium. This has caused a dramatic increase in the development effort for interactive services, which now have to support multiple clients with widely varying computing and user interface capabilities. Personalization features tend to render this task even more complex. The paper presents the MUSA (Multiple User Interfaces, Single Application) system, which addresses both issues with the introduction of an event graph that abstracts user interface and personalization issues from the implementation of the service on different client-devices.     

支持动态配置和抽象编程的软件体系结构描述

随着软件规模的不断增长和对软件安全性要求的提高,软件体系结构、动态配置和较高层次上的程序设计成为软件工程中的研究热点。目前在软件开发过程中用于这三者的技术是不同的,因此软件开发过程中各个阶段的表述方式不统一。该文提出一种面向图形的编程方法来解决该问题,该方法以一种统一的方式实现了基于组件的分布式系统的软件体系结构描述、动态配置和抽象编程。另外还给出一个简单的例子来说明该方法如何支持上述三个阶段中的对软件的描述。     

管道-过滤器模式的软件体系结构及其设计

软件体系结构设计给出了大规模软件复用,特别是领域复用的重要设计模式。体系结构描述了软件系统的整体组织结构与风格,对软件的性能和质量有直接的影响。管道-过滤器模式是一种面向数据流的软件体系结构。该文对这种体系结构做了深入的讨论,并结合一个具体应用给出了设计原型。     

Web/Native混合软件体系结构研究

文章提出了一种Web/Native混合软件体系结构。通过在传统C/S结构的客户端软件中集成Web浏览器引擎,使得客户端软件既具有对硬件设备的全面控制能力,又具有与Web应用相同的灵活性。基于该架构开发的数字证书客户端管理软件,可以通过对Web服务器端代码实时动态的调整来控制客户端软件的用户界面和业务逻辑,满足数字证书运营商越来越复杂多变的业务需求。     

Chameleon: A High Performance Flash/FRAM Hybrid Solid State Disk Architecture

Flash memory solid state disk (SSD) is gaining popularity and replacing hard disk drive (HDD) in mobile computing systems such as ultra mobile PCs (UMPCs) and notebook PCs because of lower power consumption, faster random access, and higher shock resistance. One of the key challenges in designing a high-performance flash memory SSD is an efficient handling of small random writes to non-volatile data whose performance suffers from the inherent limitation of flash memory that prohibits in-place update. In this paper, we propose a high performance Flash/FRAM hybrid SSD architecture called Chameleon. In Chameleon, metadata used by the flash translation layer (FTL), a software layer in the flash memory SSD, is maintained in a small FRAM since this metadata is a target of intensive small random writes, whereas the bulk data is kept in the flash memory. Performance evaluation based on an FPGA implementation of the Chameleon architecture shows that the use of FRAM in Chameleon improves the performance by 21.3%. The results also show that even for bulk data that cannot be maintained in FRAM because of the size limitation, the use of fine-grained write buffering is critically important because of the inability of flash memory to perform in-place update.     

Supporting Community Emergency Management Planning through a Geocollaboration Software Architecture

Emergency management is more than just events occurring within an emergency situation. It encompasses a variety of persistent activities such as planning, training, assessment, and organizational change. We are studying emergency management planning practices in which geographic communities (towns and regions) prepare to respond efficiently to significant emergency events. Community emergency management planning is an extensive collaboration involving numerous stakeholders throughout the community and both reflecting and challenging the community’s structure and resources. Geocollaboration is one aspect of the effort. Emergency managers, public works directors, first responders, and local transportation managers need to exchange information relating to possible emergency event locations and their surrounding areas. They need to examine geospatial maps together and collaboratively develop emergency plans and procedures. Issues such as emergency vehicle traffic routes and staging areas for command posts, arriving media, and personal first responders’ vehicles must be agreed upon prior to an emergency event to ensure an efficient and effective response. This work presents a software architecture that facilitates the development of geocollaboration solutions. The architecture extends prior geocollaboration research and reuses existing geospatial information models. Emergency management planning is one application domain for the architecture. Geocollaboration tools can be developed that support community-wide emergency management planning and preparedness. This paper describes how the software architecture can be used for the geospatial, emergency management planning activities of one community.     

Rafhyc: an Architecture for Constructing Resilient Services on Federated Hybrid Clouds

Federated hybrid clouds is a model of service access and delivery to community cloud infrastructures. This model opens an opportunity window to allow the integration of the enhanced science (eScience) with the Cloud paradigm. The eScience is computationally intensive science that is carried out in highly distributed computing infrastructures. Nowadays, the eScience big issue on Cloud Computing is how to leverage on-demand computing in scientific research. This requires innovation at multiple levels, from architectural design to software platforms. This paper characterizes the requirements of a federated hybrid cloud model of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) to provide eScience. Additionally, an architecture is defined for constructing Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS) in a resilient manner over federated resources. This architecture is named Rafhyc (for Resilient Architecture of Federated HYbrid Clouds). This paper also describes a prototype implementation of the Rafhyc architecture, which integrates an interoperable community middleware, named DIRAC, with federated hybrid clouds. In this way DIRAC is providing SaaS for scientific computing purposes, demonstrating that Rafhyc architecture can bring together eScience and federated hybrid clouds.     

A Basis for Analyzing Software Architecture Analysis Methods

A software architecture is a key asset for any organization that builds complex software-intensive systems. Because of an architecture's central role as a project blueprint, organizations should analyze the architecture before committing resources to it. An analysis helps to ensure that sound architectural decisions are made. Over the past decade a large number of architecture analysis methods have been created, and at least two surveys of these methods have been published. This paper examines the criteria for analyzing architecture analysis methods, and suggests a new set of criteria that focus on the essence of what it means to be an architecture analysis method. These criteria could be used to compare methods, to help understand the suitability of a method, or to improve a method. We then examine two methods—the Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method and Architecture-level Modifiability Analysis—in light of these criteria, and provide some insight into how these methods can be improved. Rick Kazman is a Senior Member of the Technical Staff at the Software Engineering Institute of Carnegie Mellon University and Professor at the University of Hawaii. His primary research interests are software architecture, design and analysis tools, software visualization, and software engineering economics. He also has interests in human-computer interaction and information retrieval. Kazman has created several highly influential methods and tools for architecture analysis, including the SAAM and the ATAM. He is the author of over 80 papers, and co-author of several books, including “Software Architecture in Practice”, and “Evaluating Software Architectures: Methods and Case Studies”. Len Bass is a Senior Member of the Technical Staff at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI). He has written two award winning books in software architecture as well as several other books and numerous papers in a wide variety of areas of computer science and software engineering. He is currently working on techniques for the methodical design of software architectures and to understand how to support usability through software architecture. He has been involved in the development of numerous different production or research software systems ranging from operating systems to database management systems to automotive systems. Mark Klein is Senior Member of the Technical Staff of the Software Engineering Institute. He has over 20 years of experience in research on various facets of software engineering, dependable real-time systems and numerical methods. Klein's most recent work focuses on the analysis of software architectures, architecture tradeoff analysis, attribute-driven architectural design and scheduling theory. Klein's work in real-time systems involved the development of rate monotonic analysis (RMA), the extension of the theoretical basis for RMA, and its application to realistic systems. Klein's earliest work involved research in high-order finite element methods for solving fluid flow equations arising in oil reservoir simulation. He is the co-author two books: “A Practitioner's Handbook for Real-Time Analysis: Guide to Rate Monotonic Analysis for Real-Time Systems” and “Evaluating Software Architecture: Methods and Case Studies”. Anthony J. Lattanze is an Associate Teaching Professor at the Institute for Software Research International (ISRI) at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) and a senior member of the technical staff at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI). Anthony teaches courses in CMUs Masters of Software Engineering Program in Software Architecture, Real-Time/Embedded Systems, and Software Development Studio. His primary research interest is in the area software architectural design for embedded, software intensive systems. Anthony consults and teaches throughout industry in the areas of software architecture design and architecture evaluation. Prior to Carnegie Mellon, Mr. Lattanze was the Chief of Software Engineering for the Technology Development Group at the United States Flight Test Center at Edwards Air Force Base, CA. During his tenure at the Flight Test Center, he was involved with a number of software and systems engineering projects as a software and systems architect, project manager, and developer. During this time as he was involved with the development, test, and evaluation of avionics systems for the B-2 Stealth Bomber, F-117 Stealth Fighter, and F-22 Advanced Tactical Fighter among other systems. Linda Northrop is the director of the Product Line Systems Program at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) where she leads the SEI work in software architecture, software product lines and predictable component engineering. Under her leadership the SEI has developed software architecture and product line methods that are used worldwide, a series of five highly-acclaimed books, and Software Architecture and Software Product Line Curricula. She is co-author of the book, “Software Product Lines: Practices and Patterns,” and a primary author of the SEI Framework for Software Product Line Practice.     

3G核心网软件体系架构及其关键技术概述

本文针对3G核心网的特点,提出一种核心网软件体系架构,并描述各层次功能。同时,对软件的可移植性和系统的高可用性进行了设计。     

Architecture and Performance Evaluation for Redundant Multicast Transmission Supporting Adaptive QoS

In this paper we describe the architecture of an application that was developed for the transmission of multimedia data, using the multicast mechanism, over the Internet. There are two major issues that have to be considered when designing and implementing such a service, the fairness and the adaptation schemes. The fairness problem results from the fact that Clients with different capabilities have to be served. In our application we use a mechanism that categorizes the Clients into a number of groups according to each Client's capabilities and (the mechanism) serves each group of Clients with a different multicast stream. With the term capabilities we do not only mean the processing power of the Client, but also the capacity and the condition of the network path towards that Client. Because of today's Internet heterogeneity and the lack of Quality of Service (QoS) support, the Server cannot assume that the Clients will permanently be able to handle a specific bit rate. We have therefore implemented an additional mechanism for the intra-stream bit rate adaptation. The proposed mechanism uses a friendly to the network users congestion control policy to control the transmission of the data. We evaluate the adaptive multicast transmission mechanism through a number of experiments and a number of simulations in order to examine its behaviour to a heterogeneous group of Clients and its behaviour against TCP and UDP data streams.     

软件通信架构解析

软件通信架构（scA）为软件定义无线电（sDR）提供了一种规范,是软件无线电技术实现的标准化。SCA是一套适用于软件可编程电台的法则、方法和设计标准,它独立于系统实现,目标是确保软件和硬件的可移植性和可配置性,并确保依据SCA开发的产品之间能够互通。SCA系统地提炼了各种无线通信系统的共同属性,采用面向对象的系统设计和分析方法对各部分的组成、层次划分以及互连方式进行了描述,从而使其涵盖各种特定的应用领域。     

Software Architecture Reconstruction: A Process-Oriented Taxonomy

To maintain and understand large applications, it is important to know their architecture. The first problem is that unlike classes and packages, architecture is not explicitly represented in the code. The second problem is that successful applications evolve over time, so their architecture inevitably drifts. Reconstructing the architecture and checking whether it is still valid is therefore an important aid. While there is a plethora of approaches and techniques supporting architecture reconstruction, there is no comprehensive software architecture reconstruction state of the art and it is often difficult to compare the approaches. This paper presents a state of the art in software architecture reconstruction approaches.     

基于SCA的小型化核心框架研究

针对软件无线电核心框架(CF)的软件实现相对复杂与具体应用困难等同题.在遵循软件通信架构(SCA)的基础上,通过rational rose建模软件,并采用统一建模语言(UML)对CF进行建模分析,对核心框架的部分接口进行裁剪,提出一种适合于工程应用的小型化核心框架(mini-CF),同时研究分析mini-CF的在软件无线电中的具体实现;通过与SCA核心框架的比较,得出该mini-CF可减少软件实现的复杂度,减小占用软件无线电硬件平台的资源,使软件无线电系统更易于实现与应用.     

一种新型统计计数器结构及其性能研究

提出了一种新型的统计计数器结构及相应的计数器管理算法IF-CMA,通过深入的分析和大量仿真,该文给出了不同参数下模型性能的计算方法。较之以前提出的统计计数器结构及其更新算法LCF-CMA,该方法具有便于实现,节省大量SRAM之优点。     

一种面向模型的动态架构及其支撑平台

为了让应用系统能够灵活地动态演化以适应用户需求的变化,提出了一种面向模型的动态应用架构.该架构以生成的框架对象实例来调度各应用构件的工作,在框架层解释模型与构件间的引用和交互过程.通过把用户业务需求这一抽象概念具体化为可直接操控的模型,给出一种面向模型的动态架构演化技术.为支持这一架构,设计并实现了一个支撑平台IPmis,为具有动态调整能力的应用系统的开发和运行提供了可视化的集成环境.在此平台上完成了医疗保险集成系统的开发,系统满足了随用户需求变更动态可调的需要.     

基于位置的服务:架构与进展

随着无线通信技术和智能移动终端的快速发展,基于位置的服务( Location-based Services,LBS)在军事、交通、物流等诸多领域得到了广泛应用,它能够根据移动对象的位置信息提供个性化服务.目前,主流的定位技术大致可分为卫星定位、基于网络基础设施的定位和感知定位三类.LBS使用有效的移动对象时空索引技术来...     

浅谈长输管道SCADA软件的架构和性能

文章首先简述了长输管道SCADA系统硬件结构,接着从通信与网络软件、操作系统、实时数据库、组态软件和应用软件等五个方面对系统的软件架构进行了详细闸述,同时对SCADA系统软件的性能进行论述,主要包括功能性、安全性、维护性和实用性等。