Corrosion-enhanced dislocation emission and motion resulting in initiation of stress corrosion cracking

A special constant deflection device for TEM has been designed, and then change of dislocation configuration ahead of a crack tip during stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of brass in water and of Ti-24Al-11Nb alloy in methanol and initiation of SCC can he observed in TEM In situ tensile test in TEM for brass was carried out for comparison The results show that anodic dissolution during SCC can facilitate dislocation emission, multiplication and motion, and a dislocation free zone (DFZ) is formed The stress at a particular site in the DFZ, which is an elastic zone and is thinned gradually through corrosion-enhanced dislocation emission and motion, is possibly up to the cohesive strength, resulting in initiating of a nanocrack of SCC in the DFZ or sometimes at the crack tip. Because of the action of the corrosion solution the nanocrack of SCC propagates into a cleavage or intergranular microcrack rather than blunts into a void like in situ tension in TEM     

Effect of fine precipitates on initiation and propagation of micro-cracks in low alloy Cr-Mo-V steel

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Microscopic study of mode I crack tip deformation

By simulating edge dislocation emissions from a mode I crack tip along multiple inclined slip planes, the plastic zone and dislocation-free zone around the crack tip are obtained. It is found that the shape of the mode I plastic zone consists of two leaning forward loops which is better agreement with experimental observations. Except at the crack tip there are also stress peaks in front of the crack tip. A formula of the maximum peak stress as a function of the applied stress intensity factor and the friction stress has been regressed.     

Chemisorption-facilitated dislocation emission and motion, and induced nucleation of brittle nanocrack

Using a special TEM constant deflection device, the change in dislocation configuration ahead of a loaded crack tip before and after adsorption of Hg atoms and the initiation of liquid metal-induced nanocracks (LMIC) have been observed. The results show that chemisorption of Hg atoms can facilitate dislocation emission, multiplication and motion. Nanocracks will be initiated in the dislocation-free zone (DFZ) or at the crack tip when chemisorption-facilitated dislocation emission, multiplication and motion reach a critical condition. On the basis of the available experimental evidence concerning liquid metal embnttlement (LME), a new mechanism for this phenomenon is considered. This involves the fact that the decrease in surface energy induced by chemisorption of Hg atoms results in a reduction in the critical stress intensity factors for dislocation emission and the resistance for dislocation motion. On the other hand, the plastic work and KIC will decrease with the decrease in the surface energy.     

无限长条功能梯度材料的反平面裂纹问题

研究了无限长条正交各向异性功能梯度材料在平面剪切作用下的Yoffe裂纹的动力学问题，材料的两上方向的剪切模量假定为指数模型，通过采用积分变换-积分方程方法，求得了裂纹尖端的动态应力场和动态应力强度因子，并研究了裂纹运动速度、几何尺寸、梯度参数和不均匀系数对动态应力强度因子的影响，结果表明，裂纹尖端应力具有的奇异性，裂纹的运动速度越大，应力强度因子越大；材料的模量梯度越大，应力强度因子越低；不均匀系数越大，应力强度因子越小。     

Hydrogen-enhanced dislocation emission, motion and nucleation of hydrogen-induced cracking for steel

The change in dislocation configuration ahead of a loaded crack tip before and after charging with hydrogen was in situ investigated in TEM using a special constant deflection loading device The results showed that hydrogen could facilitate dislocation emission, multiplication and motion The change in displacement field ahead of a loaded notch tip for a bulk specimen before and after charging with hydrogen was in situ measured by the laser moire interferometer technique. The results showed that hydrogen could enlarge the plastic zone and increase the plastic strain The in situ observation in TEM showed that when hydrogen-enhanced dislocation emission and motion reached a critical condition, a nanocrack of hydrogen-induced cracking ( HIC) would nucleate in the dislocation-free zone (DFZ) or at the main crack tip. The reasons for hydrogen-enhanced dislocation emission, multiplication and motion, and the mechanisms of nucleation of HIC have been discussed     

Ⅰ-Ⅱ型裂纹发展的剪应力准则研究

将Ⅰ-Ⅱ型裂纹表面的剪应力引入裂尖应力强度因子的计算,获得了含中心闭合裂纹在不同裂纹长度、倾角以及摩擦系数下裂纹尖端的应力强度因子值。引入等径向剪应力线τrθ这一概念,在预测裂纹发生临界扩展时提出以下两个假设：闭合裂纹将沿着等τrθ线上双剪应力和最小的方向扩展;裂纹尖端的应力强度因子KⅡ达到材料的临界值KⅡc,裂纹将开始扩展;建立了Ⅰ-Ⅱ型闭合裂纹的剪应力准则。利用所建立的断裂判据计算求得的临界起裂角鼠与各种经典复合型断裂准则计算裂纹起裂角的结果较为接近,将其应用于Ⅰ-Ⅱ型裂纹的断裂判定是安全的。     

裂纹尖端的位错密度及其应用

本文为弹性断裂力学分析提供了一个新的变量：位错密度．并论证了这一变量在裂纹尖端具有1√r所阶的奇异性．分别给出了三类裂纹问题裂尖位错密度与应力强度因子的关系，对这一变量在数值计算中的应用进行了探讨．     

Crack initiation ahead of piled—up of dislocations emitted from a mode Ⅱ blunt crack

In situ tensile tests in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) show that dislocations emitted from a mode II crack tip will form a inverse piled-up group after equilibrium or a double piled-up group when they meet a obstruction, e.g., grain boundary or second phase. A microcrack can initiates in front of the piled-up group of dislocations. Micromechanics analysis shows that dislocations emitted from a mode II blunt crack tip can form a inverse piled-up or double piled-up group, depending upon the applied stress intensity factor K_(lla), lattice friction stress τ_ f and the distance of the obstruction from the crack tip L. The maximum normal stress in front of the double piled-up group which is located at the direction of α = -64° increases with the increase in the stress intensity K_(lla) and the obstruction site L, and the decrease in the friction stress τ_f When it increases to equate the cohesive strength, a microcrack will initiate in front of the piled-up group.     

不同夹角Y型裂纹混凝土试样破坏特征的研究

本文对含非对称Y型分支裂纹混凝土试样在三向压缩载荷下的破坏特征进行了研究,利用ABAQUS软件进行了数值计算,并与试验结果进行了对比分析。试验和数值计算结果均表明: 随着分支裂纹与主裂纹之间夹角由小到大的变化,分支裂纹尖端的应力强度因子KI从负值变化到正值,而两个水平主裂纹尖端的应力强度因子KI的绝对值都在增加。但对KII而言,分支裂纹的应力强度因子KII先减小后增加,并在30°～45°之间出现极值。通过KImax随角度变化的曲线可知,当倾角为75°时试件的抗压强度最低,当倾角为90°时的强度次之,与试验基本吻合。     

Liquid metal embrittlement mechanism

Liquid metal embrittlement was studied in the following two aspects. First the first principle and ChenNanxian three-dimensional lattice reverse method were employed to obtain the effective potentials for Al-Ga and GaGa. Then with the molecular dynamics simulation, the influence of liquid metal adsorption on dislocation emission was studied. The simulated result shows that after Ga atoms are adsorbed on the crack plane in Al crystal, the critical stress intensity factor decreases, which changes from 0.5 MPam~(1/2) (without adsorption) to 0.4 MPam~(1/2) (with adsorption). The reason for the reduction in the critical intensity stress factor is that Ga adsorption reduces the surface energy of the crack plane. Moreover, 7075 Al alloy adsorbing liquid metal (Hg 3atm％Ga) was in-situ studied in TEM by using a special constant deflection device. The experimental result showed that liquid metal adsorption could facilitate emission, multiplication and motion of dislocations. When this process reached a critical     

TEM Study on Hydrogen-Induced Cracking of Fe3Al Alloy

Hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) of Fe3AI alloy was studied by in silo transmission electron microscope (TEM). Electron transparent specimens were moaned onto a constant displacement device. Stress was applied to the specimen by using a bolt through the device. The results showed that hydrogen enhanced the dislocation emission and motion in Fe3Al alloy. A dislocation free zone (DFZ) was formed following the dislocation emission. Microcrack initiated in the DFZ or at the main crack tip when the emission reached a critical extension. Hydrogen played an important role in the process of brittle fracture of Fe,AI alloy.     

法向压缩载荷对II型裂纹扩展的影响规律研究

压剪共同作用下裂纹是地下岩体中广泛存在的,为了研究法向压缩载荷对剪切型即II型裂纹扩展的影响规律,利用砂岩制作了单边裂纹试件,通过岩石剪切实验系统对不同法向压缩载荷作用下的裂纹进行了剪切实验研究,结果表明法向压缩载荷对裂纹的起裂及扩展起到抑制作用,随着裂纹法线压缩载荷的增大,裂纹起裂角逐渐减小;同时,得出法向压缩载荷与II型裂纹极限应力强度因子之间的关系,随着法向压缩载荷增大,岩石II型裂纹极限应力强度因子也随之增大。运用ABAQUS模拟软件,对不同压缩载荷作用下压剪裂纹的扩展进行模拟研究,得出了裂纹尖端II型应力强度因子随压缩载荷的变化规律。     

渗透水压下岩体多裂纹相互作用的计算

根据断裂力学理论,建立渗透水压下多裂隙岩体的力学模型,运用叠加原理,推导远场应力和裂隙水压力共同作用下的多裂纹尖端应力强度因子的计算公式,并在此基础上探讨了近置多裂纹间的相互影响。计算结果表明,如果裂纹之间间距较小,裂纹的相互作用对裂纹尖端处的应力场影响较大,根据裂纹的相对几何位置和裂纹倾角变化,进行不同叠加后的应力场可产生2种效应,应力强度影响加强区与应力强度影响减弱区,当相邻裂纹尖端处于加强区时,该裂纹的应力强度因子将会变大,反之则变小。考虑裂纹间的相互作用与裂纹间的相对距离有关,随着裂纹间距的增大,计算所得出的应力强度因子值都趋于一个定值,该值为不考虑相邻裂纹的影响,计算单一裂纹所得到的应力强度因子值,即当裂纹间距〉裂纹长度时,可以忽略邻近裂纹的相互作用对裂纹尖端应力场的影响。同时,裂隙渗透压的存在,显著影响裂纹尖端的应力场,各条裂纹尖端KI随着渗透压的增大而增加（使-KI逐渐减小）,这表明渗透压抵消了一部分裂纹表面正应力。     

边界元法在断裂力学数值计算中的应用研究

给出一个适用于平面断裂力学分析的新边界积分方程,在此方程的基础上建立了边界元数值计算方法.对Griffith裂纹问题进行了编程计算,用裂尖位错密度与应力强度因子的关系计算出了该问题的应力强度因子.     

复合型三维裂纹应力强度因子计算方法的研究

介绍了一种计算复合型三维裂纹应力强度因子的单元初始应力法,该法采用退化的1/4节点奇异单元,通过近裂尖最佳应力点应力进行应力强度因子的求解。由该法计算的含有内埋倾斜圆形裂纹圆柱体受远场均布拉力作用下的应力强度因子与手册解相比,KI的最大相对误差为1.44%,KⅡ的最大相对误差为-2.30%,KⅢ的最大相对误差为-1.22%。这种单元初始应力法使用简单,精度高,对于复杂三维裂纹的计算具有较强的实用性,值得推广。     

压应力对铝合金长短疲劳裂纹尖端应力影响有限元分析

应用弹塑性有限元方法,研究压应力对铝合金长短疲劳裂纹尖端应力场、塑性区的影响.分别建立两个具有长短中心穿透裂纹高强铝合金板的有限元模型,进行拉压加载模拟分析.结果表明,压应力对铝合金长短疲劳裂纹尖端应力有显著影响,相同的应力强度因子条件下,在一拉-压加载周期,当拉应力减小到零时裂纹尖端应力不为零,裂纹尖端应力对裂尖的挤...     

三点弯曲-剪切试样的应力强度因子

利用一种边界元法研究具有偏移边裂纹的三点弯曲-剪切试样.该边界元方法由Crouch与Starfield提出的常位移不连续单元和笔者最近提出的裂尖位移不连续单元构成.在该边界元方法实施过程中,左、右裂尖位移不连续单元分别置于裂纹的左、右裂尖处,而常位移不连续单元则分布于除了裂尖位移不连续单元占据的位置之外的整个裂纹面及其他边界.算例说明这种边界元法不论对无限大还是对有限大平面弹性复杂裂纹问题的应力强度因子的计算都是非常有效的.对具有偏移边裂纹的三点弯曲-剪切试样的应力强度因子进行了详细的研究,给出了数值结果.     

三相异弹模薄板界面裂缝缝端应力奇异性与应力场(英文)

研究了三相异弹模薄板界面裂缝缝端奇异性与几何边界条件和弹性常数的依赖关系 .采用原点设置在缝端的极坐标系统 ,用复势函数方法推导了缝端应力场的表达式 ,求得应力强度因子 .算例表明 ,本文的解答是正确的 ,并得到一些有意义的结论     

正交异性双材料反平面界面裂纹分析

研究了正交异性双材料反平面界面裂纹问题。采用复合材料断裂复变方法,构造了特殊应力函数,通过求解一类偏微分方程组边界问题,推导出界面裂纹尖端附近的应力场、位移场及应力强度因子的表达式,确定了裂纹尖端应力场的奇异性,结果现实裂尖附近应力具有r^-1/2的奇异性,但没有振荡性。