汽油深度脱硫的技术进展

介绍了加氢脱硫和非加氢脱硫2种汽油脱硫技术。综述了近年来汽油深度脱硫机理方面的研究和技术进展。     

汽油深度脱硫技术进展

催化裂化汽油具有高硫含量、高烯烃含量的特点。本文综述了选择性加氢脱硫技术、催化裂化反应脱硫添加剂、吸附脱硫技术、氧化脱硫技术、烷基化脱硫技术、离子液体脱硫技术、溶剂抽提脱硫技术。选择性加氢、催化裂化、吸附脱硫和氧化脱硫技术均已比较成熟,烷基化脱硫、离子液体脱硫、溶剂抽提脱硫技术很有发展前景。     

催化裂化汽油脱硫技术进展

催化裂化汽油（FCC）具有高硫含量的特点,因此降低FCC汽油中的硫含量是非常重要。而催化裂化汽油（FCC）脱硫技术分为加氢脱硫和非加氢脱硫,本文主要介绍这两类脱硫技术的机理,并对国内外汽油脱硫技术的进展加以综述。     

汽油深度脱硫技术进展

汽车尾气带来的环境污染日益严重,生产超低硫汽油受到了人们的关注.本文从加氢脱硫和非加氢脱硫两方面总结了国内外目前应用和开发的先进脱硫技术.加氢工艺可使汽油含硫量降至10μg/g,但是加氢工艺氢耗大,能耗大.而吸附脱硫和氧化脱硫及生物脱硫等非加氢工艺降低氢耗,增强环保,是目前研究的热点.     

柴油深度加氢脱硫技术进展

随着世界各国对环保法规的日益关注,运输燃料深度脱硫技术在世界范围内受到广泛的研究。近年来,柴油深度脱硫化技术已受到西方国家的普遍重视。在工业上,加氢工艺是应对产品低硫化最有效的途径。柴油深度脱硫的关键是对反应活性最低的4,6-二甲基苯并噻吩类化合物中硫原子的脱除。本文综述了近年来柴油深度加氢脱硫技术的基本原理、超低硫柴油的催化及工艺的研究进展。     

汽油非加氢深度脱硫技术进展

综述了目前国内外汽油非加氢深度脱硫的技术及其进展情况,重点介绍了生物脱硫、萃取脱硫以及备受关注的吸附脱硫等非加氢深度脱硫技术。     

FCC汽油选择性深度加氢脱硫工艺研究进展

对国内外典型的FCC汽油选择性深度加氢脱硫工艺进行综述。详细介绍了OCT-M系列、RSDS系列、CODS工艺、FRS工艺、GARDES工艺、CDTECH系列、Prime-G系列以及SCANfining系列等工艺原理及工艺过程,并指出了上述工艺的特点及应用。     

催化裂化汽油脱硫技术的发展

介绍了催化裂化汽油现有的脱硫方法,对非加氢脱硫工艺的组合方法和加氢脱硫工艺方法的优缺点和效果进行了对比。     

FCC汽油脱硫技术新进展

综述了FCC汽油不同脱硫技术现状和发展趋势,着重介绍了FCC汽油选择性加氢脱硫和加氢处理／辛烷值恢复技术。对选择性加氢技术与加氢处理／辛烷值恢复技术的差异、应用条件和工艺以及其他脱硫技术等也进行了讨论。     

石油脱硫技术的进展研究

油品的脱硫技术主要有加氢脱硫技术和非加氢脱硫技术;本文论述了加氢脱硫技术,非加氢脱硫技术的种类、特点及脱硫效果,为以后石油脱硫技术的开发研究提供一定根据,以更好地发展石油脱硫技术。     

汽油烷基化脱硫技术进展

介绍了汽油烷基化脱硫技术的特点和机理,综述了近年来国内外烷基化脱硫工艺现状及催化剂的研究进展,最后对烷基化脱硫技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

催化裂化汽油脱硫技术进展

随着环保法规的日益严格,对汽油的质量要求越来越高,全世界都在为降低汽油硫含量而不懈努力。降低汽油硫含量是改善空气质量的有效手段。脱硫技术已经成为各炼油企业的关键技术。汽油中的硫化合物主要来自FCC(流化催化裂化)汽油,因此FCC汽油脱硫技术的研究与开发具有重要意义。目前,减少FCC汽油硫含量的技术主要有：FCC原料油加氢脱硫、FCC汽油加氢脱硫、溶剂萃取脱硫、催化裂化脱硫、氧化脱硫、生物脱硫和吸附脱硫等。笔者综述了国内外FCC汽油脱硫技术进展。     

A new approach to deep desulfurization of gasoline by electrochemically catalytic oxidation and extraction

In order to further reduce the sulfur content in gasoline, a new desulfurization process for gasoline was obtained by means of electrochemically catalytic oxidation and extraction with an electrochemical fluidized-bed reactor. The particle group anode was activated carbon-supported lead dioxide (β-PbO₂/C). The electrolyte was aqueous NaOH solution, and copper pillar was cathode in the electrochemical reactions. The β-PbO₂/C particle group anodes can remarkably accelerate the electrochemical reaction rate and promote the electrochemical catalysis performance for the electrochemical desulfurization reaction. Also, gasoline desulfurization rule was investigated in an alkali solution. The experimental results indicated that the optimal desulfurization conditions were as follows: the cell voltage, the pH value of the electrolyte, feed volume flow rate and the β-PbO₂ percentage by weight were 3.2 V, pH value 13.1, 300 ml min^{− 1} and 5.0 wt.%, respectively. Under these conditions the concentration of sulfur in gasoline was reduced from 310 to 40 μg g^{− 1}, and the main properties of the product were not significantly affected. Based on these experimental results, a mechanism of indirect electrochemical oxidation was proposed.     

FCC汽油萃取脱硫过程萃取剂筛选

分别考察了4种萃取剂在单一或复配条件下,对3种模拟汽油中单一含硫化合物及FCC汽油70～160 ℃切割馏分的萃取脱硫效果,效果皆佳的萃取剂为环丁砜。考察了操作温度、剂油比、环丁砜和四甘醇复配对脱硫率的影响。结果表明：温度对萃取脱硫率的影响较小。适宜的萃取条件为温度35 ℃,剂油比3∶1。环丁砜单一溶剂萃取脱硫效果较优。     

吸附法脱除催化裂化汽油中含硫化合物的研究

对催化裂化汽油进行吸附脱硫实验,考察了吸附温度、吸附压力、尾气量、吸附剂再生次数对催化裂化汽油硫质量分数、辛烷值及吸附剂单程寿命的影响。实验结果表明,吸附脱硫适宜的工艺条件为吸附温度360℃,吸附压力0．3MPa,尾气量300mL／min,体积空速1h^-1。通过对吸附脱硫实验过程中的尾气分析,对催化裂化汽油吸附脱硫的机理进行了探讨。     

The performance of solid phosphoric acid catalysts and macroporous sulfonic resins on gasoline alkylation desulfurization

Sulfur removal has received increasing attention in recent years primarily for environmental protection purpose. As an attractive technology in the case of gasoline, OATS (olefinic alkylation of thiophenic sulfur) proposed to separate sulfur compounds by distillation after being weighed down by alkylation with olefins in the feed. In this paper, alkylation reactions of thiophenic compounds were studied over solid phosphoric acid catalysts (SPAM and SPAS using MCM-41 and Silicalite-1 zeolite as supporters respectively) and macroporous sulfonic resins (including NKC-9, D005-2 and Amberlyst 35) with model gasoline and FCC (fluid catalytic cracking) gasoline. Results showed that macroporous sulfonic resins showed better performance than solid phosphoric acid catalysts under milder conditions in both feeds. Among the resins, Amberlyst 35 was the most suitable catalyst for the application of catalytic distillation for its good performance at the temperature range of 353-413 K in FCC gasoline. However, the selectivity of isoamylene dimerization over Amberlyst 35 decreased with the temperature, which was harmful to the product yield and catalyst stability. Besides, different activity orders of solid phosphoric acid catalysts in model gasoline and FCC gasoline were explained by combining the acidic properties of the catalysts with the species of olefins in two feeds.     

MTBE深度脱硫技术的应用

为生产满足京Ⅴ汽油含硫标准的甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)产品,探讨了MTBE深度脱硫原理,利用MTBE脱硫体系的热力学基础数据,采用化工流程模拟与分析的方法,对MTBE脱硫过程进行了全面系统的模拟研究。通过对工艺条件的综合分析,明确了单塔、双塔两种脱硫工艺的利弊,提出了适于不同工况的可行的MTBE深度脱硫技术方案。在MTBE装置改造中取得了良好的应用效果,MTBE产品的硫含量不高于3 mg/kg。     

深度脱硫吸附剂制备技术的研究进展

从不同的脱硫思路介绍了深度脱硫吸附剂的制备技术,主要包括离子交换法、单层分散法、溶胶-凝胶法、水热合成法、液-固相同晶取代法、气凝胶法、反相聚合法、酸改性法。比较了各技术制备的吸附剂的脱硫效果,为开发新的制备技术提供参考。