阶梯掺杂P柱区二维类超结LDMOS的研究

提出了一种阶梯掺杂P柱区二维类超结LDMOS结构。漂移区采用P/N柱交替掺杂的方式形成纵向类超结。漂移区的P柱采用掺杂浓度从源端到漏端逐渐变低的变掺杂结构。这种变掺杂P柱区的引入对衬底辅助耗尽效应所带来的电荷不平衡问题进行了调制,使得漂移区可以充分耗尽,提高了耐压。P区变掺杂可以提高N区浓度,降低了导通电阻。与常规二维类超结LDMOS结构相比,击穿电压提高了30%,导通电阻下降了10.5%,FOM提升了87.6%,实现了击穿电压与导通电阻的良好折中。     

具有非均匀交叉分布P柱区的新型高压SJ LDMOS结构(英文)

提出一种具有非均匀交叉分布P柱区(NCDP)的新型超结(SJ)LDMOS,NCDP SJ由一排嵌入在N漂移区的P柱区组成。该超结结构通过减少P区电荷来确保漂移区电荷平衡并且抑制了衬底辅助耗尽(SAD)效应,使得漂移区有均匀电场,器件获得一个高的击穿电压(BV)。另外,由于交叉分布的P柱区被N型区域包围着,目前工艺技术导致的电荷掺杂轻微不平衡对器件的性能影响在文中研究的结构中相对更小。仿真结果表明文中提出的漂移区为15μm的器件耐压达到22V/μm,相比于常规超结(CSJ)LDMOS提高了100%,击穿电压达到330V。     

一种RESURF效应增强的高压低阻槽型SOI LDMOS

本文提出一种RESURF效应增强（Enhanced RESURF Effect）的高压低阻SOI LDMOS（ER-LDMOS）新结构,并研究其工作机理。ER-LDMOS的主要特征是：漂移区中具有氧化物槽;氧化物槽靠近体区一侧具有P条;氧化物槽下方的N型漂移区中具有埋P层。首先,从体区延伸到氧化物槽底部的P条,不仅起到纵向结终端扩展的作用,而且具有纵向RESURF效果,此二者都优化体内电场分布且提高漂移区掺杂浓度;其次,埋P层在漂移区中形成triple RESURF效果,能够进一步优化体内电场并降低导通电阻;第三,漂移区中的氧化物槽沿纵向折叠漂移区,减小了器件元胞尺寸,进一步降低比导通电阻;第四,P条、埋P层、氧化物槽和埋氧层对N型漂移区形成多维耗尽作用,实现增强的RESURF效应,可达到提高漂移区掺杂浓度与优化电场分布的目的,从而降低导通电阻且提高器件耐压。仿真结果表明,在相同的器件尺寸参数下,与常规槽型SOI LDMOS相比,ER-LDMOS击穿电压提高67%,比导通电阻降低91%。     

表面注入D-RESURF器件耐压模型

建立表面注入双重降低表面电场(D-RESURF)结构击穿电压模型。D-RESURF器件在衬底纵向电场和Pb区附加电场的影响下,漂移区电荷共享效应增强,优化漂移区掺杂浓度增大,器件导通电阻降低。分析漂移区浓度和厚度对击穿电压的影响,获得改善击穿电压和导通电阻折中关系的途径。在满足最优表面电场和完全耗尽条件下,导出吻合较好的二维RESURF判据。在理论的指导下,成功研制出900 V的D-RESURF高压器件。     

衬底偏压对硅基高压器件新结构击穿电压特性的影响

提出基于衬底偏压技术的double RESURF结构,称为Sb double RESURF LDMOS。在n型衬底和n型漂移区之间嵌入p型外延层,阻挡器件阻断状态下的纵向电流通路,改变体内电场分布。衬底偏压加强漂移区电荷共享效应,降低漏极下方纵向电场峰,该技术对提高薄漂移区横向功率器件的纵向击穿电压尤其重要。结果表明,在保持较小导通电阻下,该结构较常规LDMOS击穿电压提高97%。     

衬底浮空N 环高压器件新结构与击穿电压模型

提出带有衬底重掺杂N 环的高压器件新结构,称为FR LDMOS。在衬底中引入高掺杂N 环,漏极偏压由环结和漂移区主结分担,降低了主结电场,纵向击穿特性获得显著改善。基于柱坐标Poisson方程,建立击穿电压模型。结果表明：FR LDMOS较常规器件击穿电压提高56%。     

一种具有多电极结构的高压SOI LDMOS器件

针对传统高压功率器件的击穿电压与比导通电阻始终相互矛盾的问题,提出了一种具有多电极结构的高压SOI LDMOS器件。该结构在漂移区的上方引入多个电极,每个电极偏置在不同的电位,器件正常工作时的电子电流聚集于漂移区表面,提供了一个低阻的导电通道,从而降低了比导通电阻。在漂移区引入多个额外电场峰值,提高了器件的击穿电压。与传统结构相比,新结构能够将击穿电压从325 V提高到403 V,并且比导通电阻降低43%。     

两级非平衡超结SOILDMOS高压器件

针对SOI功率集成电路,提出一种具有两级非平衡超结的SOI LDMOS高压器件。新结构通过调节超结的掺杂浓度,在漂移区形成两级超结结构。在器件反向耐压时,源端的超结n区被快速耗尽,过剩的p型电荷可以降低源端的峰值电场,同时提高漂移区中部的电场;而漏端的超结p区被快速耗尽,过剩的n区与n型外延层共同提供补偿电荷,这种阶梯分布的电荷补偿进一步优化了横向电场分布。这种两级非平衡超结结构缓解了横向超结器件中的衬底辅助耗尽效应,可提高器件的耐压。三维器件仿真结果表明,在漂移区长度为15μm时,该器件的耐压达到300V,较常规的超结器件和具有缓冲层的超结器件分别提高122%和23%。     

两级非平衡超结SOI LDMOS高压器件

针对SOI功率集成电路,提出一种具有两级非平衡超结的SOI LDMOS高压器件。新结构通过调节超结的掺杂浓度,在漂移区形成两级超结结构。在器件反向耐压时,源端的超结n区被快速耗尽,过剩的p型电荷可以降低源端的峰值电场,同时提高漂移区中部的电场;而漏端的超结p区被快速耗尽,过剩的n区与n型外延层共同提供补偿电荷,这种阶梯分布的电荷补偿进一步优化了横向电场分布。这种两级非平衡超结结构缓解了横向超结器件中的衬底辅助耗尽效应,可提高器件的耐压。三维器件仿真结果表明,在漂移区长度为15 μm时,该器件的耐压达到300 V,较常规的超结器件和具有缓冲层的超结器件分别提高122%和23%。     

埋层低掺杂漏SOI高压器件的击穿电压

提出一种具有埋层低掺杂漏(BLD)SOI高压器件新结构。其机理是埋层附加电场调制耐压层电场,使漂移区电荷共享效应增强,降低沟道边缘电场,在漂移区中部产生新的电场峰。埋层电中性作用增加漂移区优化掺杂浓度,导通电阻降低;低掺杂漏区在漏极附近形成缓冲层,改善漏极击穿特性。借助二维半导体仿真器MEDICI,研究漂移区浓度和厚度对击穿电压的影响,获得改善击穿电压和导通电阻折中关系的途径。在器件参数优化理论的指导下,成功研制了700V的SOI高压器件。结果表明:BLD SOI结构击穿电压由均匀漂移区器件的204V提高到275V,比导通电阻下降25%。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks