基于生态网络的P2P环境信任博弈进化模型

P2P网络中信任机制能够很好地检测和惩罚恶意节点,激励节点之间合作。提出了一种基于生态网络协同进化机理的信任博弈模型,应用复制动态机制分析了节点之间信任关系的长期演化趋势,从理论与实践上说明了在P2P网络中应用此信任模型具有良好的演化稳定性及性能的整体最优性。     

基于信任约束的用户安全管理

在开放的网格环境中,用户行为的动态性和不确定性,使得现有的基于证书的静态用户管理难以及时地将用户的恶意行为进行标识并对用户后续行为进行控制。针对该问题,提出一种基于信任约束的用户安全管理方法。该方法基于对用户信任计算的结果,根据用户信任等级的变化,建立用户信任黑名单和白名单;并基于用户信任等级与资产价值之间的关系,建立一种信任策略。实验结果表明,该方法建立的用户信任黑名单、白名单和信任策略,作为访问控制机制的一种动态信任约束,加强了对系统授权的约束,使得用户能够获得的访问能力与其历史行为相关联,加强了对用户行为的控制,提高系统安全。     

Hadoop云平台中基于信任的访问控制模型

Hadoop云计算平台是当下最流行的云平台之一,其现有的访问控制模型采用Kerberos进行身份验证,结合基于ACL的访问授权机制,通过Delegation Token和Block Access Token等令牌,实现了该平台中简单的访问控制。该模型具有明显的缺点,即仅仅在授权时考虑了用户身份的真实性,没有考虑用户后期行为的可信性,而且权限一经授予就不再监管。提出一种适用于Hadoop云平台的基于信任的访问控制新模型——LT。LT模型基于现有的Hadoop访问控制模型,为每个用户设定信任值,通过用户在集群中的行为记录实时地更新用户信任值,并根据这个信任值动态地控制用户对平台的访问。与Hadoop平台现有的访问控制模型相比,该模型所实现的访问授权不再是一个关口控制,而是一个实时动态的过程,其粒度更细并且具有更高的安全性和灵活度。实验证明,该模型不仅正确有效,而且克服了现行Hadoop平台中访问控制安全性不足的缺点,能够动态、有效地控制用户对集群中资源的访问及使用。     

移动商务信任的演化博弈及动态仿真

用户信任是影响移动商务成功的关键因素之一,其形成与发展是一个动态演化的过程.运用演化博弈理论,研究用户信任的演化均衡状态,并应用Netlogo进行仿真.研究显示,建立潜在用户的信任,移动商家应采取主动发出可信信号;对于老用户,应致力于提升用户满意度;监管机制应随着移动商务的发展来调整其具体政策,在严格管理的同时营造适当宽松的发展环境,对受损用户的补偿和对失信商家的惩处,在初期应较大,随着监管机构提高其发现商家失信行为的概率,额度可以逐步减小.     

基于反馈相关性的P2P网络信任模型

用户对P2P网络安全性的需求刺激了信任模型的发展。在分析现有信任模型的基础上,提出了基于反馈相关性的动态信任模型—CoDyTrust。其在时间帧的基础上,采用虚假信任过滤机制和信任聚合机制,并在信任值计算中引入信任相关系数、信任遗忘因子、滥用信任值和推荐信任度等,通过反馈控制机制动态调节这些模型因子,在准确评价节点对不同资源信任的同时,实现网络中恶意行为检测。比较分析结果表明,CoDyTrust能够更好地反映网络中节点行为,准确检测恶意节点,有效抵御振荡、撒谎和合谋等攻击。     

基于演化博弈论的WSNs 信任决策模型与动力学分析

针对无线传感器网络（WSNs）节点间信任关系建立时的信任决策和动态演化问题,引入与节点信任度绑定的激励机制,建立WSNs节点信任博弈模型以反映信任建立过程中表现出的有限理性和每次博弈过程的收益.基于演化博弈论研究节点信任策略选择的演化过程,给出WSNs节点信任演化的复制动态方程,提出并证明在不同参数条件下达到演化稳定策略的定理,为WSNs信任机制设计提供了理论基础.实验表明了定理结论和激励机制的效果.     

一种基于主观逻辑的动态信任关系评估方法

现有的复杂网络计算环境中安全问题日益严峻。如何在不同实体间建立信任关系是建立可信计算环境的关键所在。利用可信证明技术能够为信任关系的建立和维护提供证据,但是,现有的可信证明方法存在证据获取不够及时的问题,并且依据证明方法建立信任关系的理论研究不足,针对这些问题提出一种基于主观逻辑的动态信任关系评估方法。首先,建立基于行为证明的信任关系评估模型;然后利用确定下推自动机DPDA(Deterministic Push Down Automata)描述程序的预期行为,通过虚拟机内省技术动态验证程序的实际行为是否与预期行为保持一致,从而判断程序的可信性;最后,根据证明结果进行信任关系评估。通过实验表明该方法能够动态验证程序的行为,使得信任评估更加准确。     

一种基于直觉模糊理论的P2P动态信任模型

信任的动态性刻画和信任信息的聚合能力是信任模型需要考虑的重要问题,然而现有信任模型存在难以描述节点行为的动态变化特性、忽略信任的模糊特征和上下文环境影响等问题。为此,提出一种基于直觉模糊集合理论的动态信任模型DIFTrust,通过兴趣域划分机制刻画节点信任关系存在的上下文环境,基于直觉模糊集合理论刻画信任的模糊特性,以及利用时间窗口机制和自适应权重向量刻画信任的动态衰减特性,解决具有直觉模糊特征的节点动态信任关系的描述问题。实验结果表明,该模型能够有效描述节点的信任特征,在防止恶意节点策略性行为改变等方面优于现有PeerTrust和DyTrust等模型。     

一种基于用户行为信任的动态角色访问控制

在基于角色的访问控制(RBAC)模型基础上,引入了属性的概念,增加了用户行为信任级别集合,建立了一种基于用户行为信任评估的动态角色访问控制(UT-DRBAC)模型。对新的模型进行了详细的形式化描述并讨论了模型的授权流程,最后从动态性、信任机制、角色数量和性能方面对模型的优越性进行了分析。新的访问控制模型通过角色属性的动态指派实现了模型授权的动态性,通过把用户信任级别作为一个必需的角色属性实现了基于身份信任和行为信任相结合的访问控制,改变了现有访问控制模型单一基于身份信任的静态授权机制;通过设置角色属性减少角色数量,从而缓解了因角色过多而带来的角色管理问题,同时提高了性能。     

一种基于信任度的跨异构域动态认证机制

为了适应大规模网络环境下异构域认证机制不一致、域间信任关系动态变化的特点,提出了一种基于信任度的跨异构域的动态认证方法,该方法根据交易双方的满意度打分来计算信任值,动态地建立域间信任关系。应用实例表明,该方法能够有效解决跨域认证中域间信任关系的建立问题。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。