基于情感词向量的微博情感分类

该文提出了一种基于情感词向量的情感分类方法。词向量采用连续实数域上的固定维数向量来表示词汇,能够表达词汇丰富的语义信息。词向量的学习方法,如word2vec,能从大规模语料中通过上下文信息挖掘出潜藏的词语间语义关联。本文在从语料中学习得到的蕴含语义信息的词向量基础上,对其进行情感调整,得到同时考虑语义和情感倾向的词向量。对于一篇输入文本,基于情感词向量建立文本的特征表示,采用机器学习的方法对文本进行情感分类。该方法与基于词、N-gram及原始word2vec词向量构建文本表示的方法相比,情感分类准确率更高、性能和稳定性更好。     

基于动态词向量和注意力机制的文本情感分类

针对Word2vec等静态词向量模型对于每个词只有唯一的词向量表示,无法学习在不同上下文中的词汇多义性问题,提出一种基于动态词向量和注意力机制的文本情感分类方法.在大型语料库上利用深度双向语言模型预训练通用词向量;在情感分类任务的训练语料上对向量模型进行微调,得到最终的上下文相关的动态词向量作为输入特征;搭建双向长短期记忆网络模型,并引入注意力机制以提高特征提取的准确性.实验结果表明,该方法在IMDB和Yelp13数据集上的分类准确率分别提高了0.017和0.011.     

卷积神经网络下的Twitter文本情感分析

随着社交网络的日益普及,基于Twitter文本的情感分析成为近年来的研究热点。Twitter文本中蕴含的情感倾向对于挖掘用户需求和对重大事件的预测具有重要意义。但由于Twitter文本短小和用户自身行为存在随意性等特点,再加之现有的情感分类方法大都基于手工制作的文本特征,难以挖掘文本中隐含的深层语义特征,因此难以提高情感分类性能。本文提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的Twitter文本情感分类模型。该模型利用word2vec方法初始化文本词向量,并采用CNN模型学习文本中的深层语义信息,从而挖掘Twitter文本的情感倾向。实验结果表明,采用该模型能够取得82.3%的召回率,比传统分类方法的分类性能有显著提高。     

基于Word2Vec的一种文档向量表示

在文本分类中,如何运用word2vec词向量高效地表达一篇文档一直是一个难点。目前,将word2vec模型与聚类算法结合形成的doc2vec模型能有效地表达文档信息。但是,这种方法很少考虑单个词对整篇文档的影响力。为了解决这个问题,利用TF-IDF算法计算每篇文档中词的权重,并结合word2vec词向量生成文档向量,最后将其应用于中文文档分类。在搜狗中文语料库上的实验验证了新方法的有效性。     

基于细粒度多通道卷积神经网络的文本情感分析

以词向量为输入的单通道卷积神经网络无法充分利用文本的特征信息,并且不能准确识别中文文本的多义词。针对上述问题,建立一种细粒度的多通道卷积神经网络模型。采用word2vec进行词向量的预训练,利用3个不同的通道做卷积运算,分别为原始词向量、词向量与词性表示相结合的词性对向量以及细粒度的字向量。通过词性标注进行词义消歧,利用细粒度的字向量发现深层次的语义信息。在此基础上,设置不同尺寸的卷积核以学习句子内部更高层次抽象的特征。仿真结果表明,该模型较传统卷积神经网络模型在情感分类的准确率和F1值上性能均有明显提升。     

基于LDA和BiGRU的文本分类

文本分类是自然语言处理的基础任务,文本中的特征稀疏性和提取特征所用的神经网络影响后续的分类效果。针对文本中的特征信息不足以及传统模型上下文依赖关系方面不足的问题,提出经过TF-IDF加权的词向量和LDA主题模型相融合,利用双向门控循环神经网络层(BiGRU)充分提取文本深度信息特征的分类方法。该方法主要使用的数据集是天池比赛新闻文本分类数据集,首先用Word2vec和LDA模型分别在语料库中训练词向量,Word2vec经过TF-IDF进行加权所得的词向量再与LDA训练的经过最大主题概率扩展的词向量进行简单拼接,拼接后得到文本矩阵,将文本矩阵输入到BiGRU神经网络中,分别从前后两个反方向提取文本深层次信息的特征向量,最后使用softmax函数进行多分类,根据输出的概率判断所属的类别。与现有的常用文本分类模型相比,准确率、F1值等评价指标都有了较高的提升。     

基于word2vec和SVMperf的中文评论情感分类研究

利用有监督的机器学习的方法来对中文产品评论文本进行情感分类,该方法结合了word2vec和SVMperf两种工具。先由word2vec训练出语料中每个词语的词向量,通过计算相互之间的余弦距离来达到相似概念词语聚类的目的,通过相似特征聚类将高相似度领域词汇扩充到情感词典;再使用word2vec训练出词向量的高维度表示;然后采用主成分分析方法(PCA)对高维度向量进行降低维度处理,形成特征向量;最后使用两种方法抽取有效的情感特征,由SVMperf进行训练和预测,从而完成文本的情感分类。实验结果表明,采用相似概念聚类方法对词典进行扩充任务或情感分类任务都可以获得很好的效果。     

基于双通道特征融合的WPOS-GRU专利分类方法

为提高专利文本自动分类的效率和准确度,提出一种基于双通道特征融合的WPOS-GRU（word2vec and part of speech gated recurrent unit）专利文本自动分类方法。首先获取专利摘要文本,并进行清洗和预处理;然后对专利文本进行词向量表示和词性标注,并将专利文本分别映射为word2vec词向量序列和POS词性序列;最后使用两种特征通道训练WPOS-GRU模型,并对模型效果进行实验分析。通过对比传统专利分类方法和单通道专利分类方法,双通道特征融合的WPOS-GRU专利分类方法提高了分类效果。提出的方法节省了大量的人力成本,提高了专利文本分类的准确度,更能满足大量专利文本分类任务自动化高效率的需要。     

基于word2vec和CNN的短文本聚类研究

文本特征提取对短文本聚类效果至关重要,针对传统的基于统计学习的特征提取方法仅停留在特征词的层面,无法表达文本上下文语义特征的问题。基于此,笔者提出了一种基于word2vec词向量和卷积神经网络(Convolutional NeuralNetworks,CNN)的文本特征提取方法用于短文本聚类,首先利用word2vec工具训练大规模语料库中的词语,以低维向量的形式表征,然后利用CNN提取文本的深层语义特征,得到能够用于聚类的文本特征向量。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效提升短文本聚类的准确性。     

基于并行混合网络与注意力机制的文本情感分析模型

现有基于深度学习和神经网络的文本情感分析模型通常存在文本特征提取不全面,且未考虑关键信息对文本情感倾向的影响等问题。基于并行混合网络与双路注意力机制,提出一种改进的文本情感分析模型。根据不同神经网络的特点分别采用GloVe和Word2vec两种词向量训练工具将文本向量化,得到更丰富的文本信息。将两种不同的词向量并行输入由双向门控循环单元与卷积神经网络构建的并行混合网络,同时提取上下文全局特征与局部特征,提高模型的特征提取能力。使用双路注意力机制分别对全局特征和局部特征中的关键信息进行加强处理及特征融合,增强模型识别关键信息的能力。将融合后的整个文本特征输入全连接层,实现最终的情感极性分类。在IMDb和SST-2公开数据集上的实验结果表明,该模型的分类准确率分别达到91.73%和91.16%,相比于同类文本情感分析模型有不同程度的提升,从而证明了双路注意力机制可以更全面地捕获文本中的关键信息,提高文本情感分类效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。