基于多尺度2D Gabor小波的视网膜血管自动分割

眼底视网膜血管分割对临床视网膜疾病诊断具有重要意义. 由于视网膜血管结构微小, 血管轮廓边界模糊, 加上图像采集时噪声的影响, 视网膜血管分割非常困难. 本文提出一种视网膜血管自动分割新方法. 首先, 应用对比度受限的自适应直方图均衡法增强视网膜图像;然后, 采用不同尺度的2D Gabor小波对视网膜图像进行变换, 并分别应用形态学重构 (Morphological reconstruction, MR)和区域生长法 (Region growing, RG)对变换后的图像进行分割; 最后, 对以上两种方法分割的视网膜血管和背景像素点重新标记识别, 得到视网膜血管最终分割结果. 通过对DRIVE和STARE数据库视网膜图像的分割实验, 证明了该算法的有效性.     

基于多尺度滤波的视网膜血管分割算法

眼底视网膜血管图像的纹理与结构信息可作为医学对相关疾病诊断的重要依据。针对视网膜血管存在伪影与尺度结构复杂等难题以及微血管分割较低等问题,提出一种基于多尺度滤波的有监督学习视网膜血管分割算法。采用二维K-L变换综合分析彩色图像三通道的频带信息得到视网膜灰度图像,并利用受限对比度直方图均衡化增强血管与背景的对比度,利用Retinex降低伪影与视盘的干扰;由多尺度高斯匹配滤波、多尺度形态学滤波、Frangi滤波以及2D-Gabor滤波提取相关血管特征,并将提取好的特征集由AdaBoost初步提取血管;利用血管连通域信息去除初分割结果的非血管像素,获得最终的血管图像。该算法在DRIVE与STARE数据集上实验,准确率分别达到96.34%与95.83%。     

基于密集注意力网络的视网膜血管图像分割

视网膜血管的结构信息对眼科疾病的诊断具有重要的指导意义,对视网膜血管图像进行高效正确的分割成为临床的迫切需求。传统的人工分割方法耗时较长且易受个人主观因素的影响,分割质量不高。为此,提出一种基于密集注意力网络的图像自动分割算法。将编码器-解码器全卷积神经网络的基础结构与密集连接网络相结合,以充分提取每一层的特征,在网络的解码器端引入注意力门模块,对不必要的特征进行抑制,提高视网膜血管图像的分割精度。在DRIVE和STARE眼底图像数据集上的实验结果表明,与其他基于深度学习的算法相比,该算法的敏感性、特异性、准确率和AUC值均较高,分割效果较好。     

基于双注意力编码-解码器架构的视网膜血管分割

眼底视网膜血管的分割提取对于糖尿病、视网膜病、青光眼等眼科疾病的诊断具有重要的意义。针对视网膜血管图像中的血管难以提取、数据量较少等问题,文中提出了一种结合注意力模块和编码-解码器结构的视网膜血管分割方法。首先对编码-解码器卷积神经网络的每个卷积层添加空间和通道注意力模块,加强模型对图像特征的空间信息和通道信息(如血管的大小、形态和连通性等特点)的利用,从而改善视网膜血管的分割效果。其中,空间注意力模块关注于血管的拓扑结构特性,而通道注意力模块关注于血管像素点的正确分类。此外,在训练过程中采用Dice损失函数解决了视网膜血管图像正负样本不均衡的问题。在3个公开的眼底图像数据库DRIVE,STARE和CHASE_DB1上进行了实验,实验数据表明,所提算法的准确率、灵敏度、特异性和AUC值均优于已有的视网膜血管分割方法,其AUC值分别为0.9889,0.9812和0.9831。实验证明,所提算法能够有效提取健康视网膜图像和病变视网膜图像中的血管网络,能够较好地分割细小血管。     

基于不同尺度增强融合的视网膜血管分割算法

针对现有视网膜血管图像提取细小血管准确率较低的问题,提出了一种基于多尺度线性检测器与局部和全局增强相结合的视网膜血管分割方法.对多尺度线检测器进行研究,将其分为小尺度和大尺度两部分;利用小尺度对局部增强后的图像与大尺度对全局增强后的图像分别进行检测,得到不同尺度下的响应函数;将不同尺度下的响应函数进行融合,得到最终的视网膜血管结构.在STARE和DRIVE两个数据库上进行实验,结果表明:该算法得到的平均血管准确率分别达到96.62％和96.45％,平均真阳性率分别达到75.52％和83.07％,分割准确率高,能够得到较好的血管分割结果.     

基于Morlet小波变换的视网膜血管分割

眼底视网膜血管网络是诊断糖尿病视网膜病、青光眼等眼科疾病的重要手段.根据视网膜血管的树状网络结构和灰度分布特征,提出一种基于Morlet小波和高斯匹配滤波的分割方法.首先通过分析二维Morlet小波变换对血管的系数响应来构造血管特征函数图;随后采用多尺度的离散高斯核对血管骨架进行匹配滤波,提高微小血管与背景区域的对比度;最后结合区域连通性分析和滞后阈值技术滤除背景噪声,提取出更加精确的血管树细节.在DRIVE和STARE数据库上的实验结果表明,作为非监督类分割方法,该方法能有效地提取眼底图像的视网膜血管网络,粘连现象少,而且对图像中噪声的鲁棒性较其他方法明显提高,具有较好的临床应用参考价值.     

融合多层空间注意的U型视网膜血管分割算法

针对现有算法因视网膜细小血管分割不足和抗噪声能力弱导致其分割精度低等问题,提出一种融合多层空间注意的U型视网膜血管分割算法.首先,在编码和解码部分采用特征增强残差模块,引入通道注意机制提高网络模型对血管特征的分割能力.其次,在U型网络的底部引入密集空洞卷积模块,增大感受野提取血管多尺度特征.最后,在跳跃连接阶段使用三端空间注意模块进行特征自适应细化,有效抑制特征图中的噪声.在DRIVE和STARE公开眼底图像数据集上验证本文算法,实验结果表明,所提算法准确率分别达到了0.9643和0.9683,灵敏度分别达到了0.8329和0.8224,AUC值分别达到了0.9861和0.9897.其性能指标整体优于现有先进算法.     

基于改进U-Net的多流视网膜血管分割算法

针对传统U型网络特征冗余以及视网膜血管形态复杂、细血管分割困难等问题, 提出一种基于改进U-Net的多流视网膜血管分割算法. 算法包含两种特征流向, 分别是全局分割流与边缘特化流. 为了减少特征冗余, 全局分割流在部分卷积的基础上采用快速提取模块替代传统的U-Net卷积块, 构建了能够高效提取血管特征、加快算法推理速度的改进U-Net模型; 为了减少噪声干扰、提升细血管的分割精度, 边缘特化流利用形态学生成的边缘标注信息为指导, 采用多个边缘提取模块, 结合全局分割流的高级语义特征以及边缘注意力, 更具针对性的提取血管细节信息, 增强细血管的特征表达. 在DRIVE与STARE数据集上进行了算法的有效性测试, 敏感度分别为0.8415和0.8369, 准确率分别为0.9701和0.9718, AUC值分别为0.9877和0.9909, 整体性能优于现有算法.     

基于改进相位一致性算法的眼底血管分割

为了从眼底图像中分割出具不同形态特征的视网膜血管,提出了基于改进相位一致性算法的眼底血管分割方法。采用二维离散Hilbert变换实现相位一致性算法,利用相位一致性算法在频域提取眼底图像特征并用于视网膜血管分割。采用STARE眼底图像数据库进行实验并以专家手工分割结果为标准,实验结果表明,提出的改进相位一致性算法可较好完成视网膜血管分割,能够有效避免图像亮度和对比度对分割结果的影响。     

基于马尔可夫随机场的眼底图像血管分割研究

眼底图像血管分割是医用图像分割中较为复杂的一种,在目前的研究中存在分割精度低、效率不高等问题。提出基于马尔可夫随机场的眼底图像血管分割算法,根据眼底图像的特点构建马尔可夫随机场模型,提取H通道作为特征场参数,利用最大后验准则完成标号场更新,最终实现对视网膜血管的分割。算法通过眼底图像数据库DRIVE进行测试,结果表明:该算法平均准确度为0.954 6,平均敏感度为0.899 9,平均特异度为0.957 1,具有很好的分割效果,且运行稳定,计算方便快捷,具有鲁棒性。     

Retinal vessels segmentation based on level set and region growing

Retinal vessels play an important role in the diagnostic procedure of retinopathy. Accurate segmentation of retinal vessels is crucial for pathological analysis. In this paper, we propose a new retinal vessel segmentation method based on level set and region growing. Firstly, a retinal vessel image is preprocessed by the contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization and a 2D Gabor wavelet to enhance the vessels. Then, an anisotropic diffusion filter is used to smooth the image and preserve vessel boundaries. Finally, the region growing method and a region-based active contour model with level set implementation are applied to extract retinal vessels, and their results are combined to achieve the final segmentation. Comparisons are conducted on the publicly available DRIVE and STARE databases using three different measurements. Experimental results show that the proposed method reaches an average accuracy of 94.77% on the DRIVE database and 95.09% on the STARE database.     

Construction and verification of retinal vessel segmentation algorithm for color fundus image under BP neural network model

To improve the accuracy of retinal vessel segmentation, a retinal vessel segmentation algorithm for color fundus images based on back-propagation (BP) neural network is proposed according to the characteristics of retinal blood vessels. Four kinds of green channel image enhancement results of adaptive histogram equalization, morphological processing, Gaussian matched filtering, and Hessian matrix filtering are used to form feature vectors. The BP neural network is input to segment blood vessels. Experiments on the color fundus image libraries DRIVE and STARE show that this algorithm can obtain complete retinal blood vessel segmentation as well as connected vessel stems and terminals. When segmenting most small blood vessels, the average accuracy on the DRIVE library reaches 0.9477, and the average accuracy on the STARE library reaches 0.9498, which has a good segmentation effect. Through verification, the algorithm is feasible and effective for blood vessel segmentation of color fundus images and can detect more capillaries.

     

Retinal vessel segmentation using enhanced fuzzy min-max neural network

Automated segmentation of retinal vessels plays a pivotal role in early diagnosis of ophthalmic disorders. In this paper, a blood vessel segmentation algorithm using an enhanced fuzzy min-max neural network supervised classifier is proposed. The input to the network is an optimal 11-D feature vector which consists of spatial as well as frequency domain features extracted from each pixel of a fundus image. The essence of the method is its hyperbox classifier which performs online learning and gives binary output without any need of post-processing. The method is tested on publicly available databases DRIVE and STARE. The results are compared with the existing methods in the literature. The proposed method exhibits efficient performance and can be implemented in computer aided screening and diagnosis of retinal diseases. The method attains an average accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 95.73%, 74.75% and 97.81% on DRIVE database and 95.51%, 74.65% and 97.11% on STARE database, respectively.

     

Multilayered thresholding-based blood vessel segmentation for screening of diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy screening involves assessment of the retina with attention to a series of indicative features, i.e., blood vessels, optic disk and macula etc. The detection of changes in blood vessel structure and flow due to either vessel narrowing, complete occlusions or neovascularization is of great importance. Blood vessel segmentation is the basic foundation while developing retinal screening systems since vessels serve as one of the main retinal landmark features. This article presents an automated method for enhancement and segmentation of blood vessels in retinal images. We present a method that uses 2-D Gabor wavelet for vessel enhancement due to their ability to enhance directional structures and a new multilayered thresholding technique for accurate vessel segmentation. The strength of proposed segmentation technique is that it performs well for large variations in illumination and even for capturing the thinnest vessels. The system is tested on publicly available retinal images databases of manually labeled images, i.e., DRIVE and STARE. The proposed method for blood vessel segmentation achieves an average accuracy of 94.85% and an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.9669. We compare our method with recently published methods and experimental results show that proposed method gives better results.     

基于PST和多尺度高斯滤波的视网膜血管的分割

视网膜血管分割是眼科计算机辅助诊断和大规模眼科疾病筛查系统的基础。为辅助眼科医生进行眼底疾病的诊断，文中提出了一种基于相位拉伸变换(PST)和多尺度高斯滤波的视网膜血管分割方法。首先，将彩色眼底影像的绿色通道分量图进行增强预处理；然后采用不同尺度的高斯滤波器对预处理增强后的视网膜血管进行降噪处理，再结合PST边缘检测算法初步获得视网膜血管分割图；最后整合初步获得的视网膜血管分割图并进行形态学去噪，获得最终的视网膜血管分割图。通过在视网膜图像库DRIVE上进行实验，其平均准确率为93%，平均灵敏度达77%，平均特异性为95%，该实验结果验证了文中方法的有效性。     

An approach to localize the retinal blood vessels using bit planes and centerline detection

The change in morphology, diameter, branching pattern or tortuosity of retinal blood vessels is an important indicator of various clinical disorders of the eye and the body. This paper reports an automated method for segmentation of blood vessels in retinal images. A unique combination of techniques for vessel centerlines detection and morphological bit plane slicing is presented to extract the blood vessel tree from the retinal images. The centerlines are extracted by using the first order derivative of a Gaussian filter in four orientations and then evaluation of derivative signs and average derivative values is performed. Mathematical morphology has emerged as a proficient technique for quantifying the blood vessels in the retina. The shape and orientation map of blood vessels is obtained by applying a multidirectional morphological top-hat operator with a linear structuring element followed by bit plane slicing of the vessel enhanced grayscale image. The centerlines are combined with these maps to obtain the segmented vessel tree. The methodology is tested on three publicly available databases DRIVE, STARE and MESSIDOR. The results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed algorithm is comparable with state of the art techniques in terms of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.     

基于Gabor小波的视网膜血管自动提取研究

针对视网膜血管网络灰度分布特征和区域结构特征,提出了一种基于Gabor小波的视网膜血管提取方法。采用Gabor滤波预处理以增强血管,用改进的自适应二值化方法对增强后的视网膜图像进行二值化处理,根据视网膜血管具有区域连通性的特征,并用形态学方法分割出最终的血管。为验证方法的有效性,对Hoover眼底图像库进行实验,结果表明该方法在细小血管的提取以及连续性、有效性方面都优于Hoover算法。