多阶段动态扰动和动态惯性权重的布谷鸟算法

针对布谷鸟仿生智能优化算法存在着的易陷入局部最优、求解精度低以及收敛速度慢等问题,提出了基于多阶段动态扰动和动态惯性权重的布谷鸟搜索算法（MACS）。利用多阶段动态扰动策略对布谷鸟算法的全局位置的最优鸟巢位置根据方差可调的正态随机分布进行扰动,有利于增加种群的多样性和鸟窝位置的灵活性,提高算法全局搜索能力。在局部位置处引入动态惯性权重,使得算法有效克服易陷入局部最优的缺陷,提高局部寻优搜索能力。引入了动态切换概率[p]代替固定概率,可以动态平衡全局搜索和局部搜索。通过与4种算法相比和11个测试函数的仿真结果表明：改进布谷鸟算法（MACS）的寻优性能明显提高,收敛速度更快,求解精度更高,具有更强的全局搜索能力和跳出局部最优能力。     

含有动态自适应惯性权重的蜘蛛猴优化算法

蜘蛛猴算法（Spider Monkey Optimization，SMO）是受蜘蛛猴觅食行为启发提出的一种群集智能优化算法，为增强蜘蛛猴算法的局部搜索性能，提出一种基于动态自适应惯性权重的SMO算法（DWSMO）。通过在惯性权重中引入目标函数值，使得惯性权重随着目标函数值的变化而动态改变，从而减少惯性权重变化的盲目性，有效平衡算法的全局探索能力以及局部开发能力。将改进的蜘蛛猴算法在函数优化问题上进行测试，仿真实验结果表明，改进的蜘蛛猴算法可有效提高函数寻优精度，加快收敛速度，且具有较强的稳定性。     

求解柔性作业车间调度问题的鸟群算法

柔性作业车间调度问题是生产调度领域中非常重要的一类带约束优化问题。根据其求解特性,提出一种基于改进的鸟群算法求解以最小化最大完工时间为目标的柔性作业车间调度问题的方法。该方法采用随机黑洞策略改进鸟群的觅食方式,自适应的动态调整策略改善鸟群的迁移步长,从而提高种群的多样性并加速算法的收敛速度;通过对关键路径上工序的领域搜索加强算法的局部搜索能力。最后利用实际制造企业的生产加工数据以及标准测试实例进行仿真实验,实验结果表明,该算法在问题的求解精度和收敛速度上具有一定的优势,是一种有效的求解柔性作业车间调度问题的新方法。     

基于莱维飞行的鸟群优化算法

针对鸟群优化算法(BSA)在求解高维多极值优化问题时容易陷入局部最优解和出现早熟收敛的情况,在原始鸟群算法的基础上,在模拟鸟群飞行行为的过程中引入莱维飞行,提出了一种基于莱维飞行的改进算法——莱维-鸟群算法(LBSA)。这种算法替换了原算法中随机的飞行位置跳变,而采用莱维飞行更新鸟群飞行后的位置,大幅提高了鸟群的位置变化活力,提高了算法的有效性。仿真结果表明,在求解高维多极值优化问题时,该算法性能优于原始鸟群算法。     

自适应混沌粒子群优化算法

粒子群优化算法在求解复杂函数时,存在收敛速度慢、求解精度不高、易陷入局部最优点等问题。为此,提出一种自适应混沌粒子群优化算法。在基本粒子群算法中引入混沌变量,当算法陷入早熟收敛时进行混沌搜索,同时引入非线性递减的惯性权重。实验结果表明,该算法具有较快的收敛速度和较高的收敛精度,能有效避免早熟收敛问题。     

融合变异策略的自适应蝴蝶优化算法

蝴蝶优化算法是近年来提出的一种新型自然启发式算法。针对基本蝴蝶优化算法收敛速度慢、求解精度低、稳定性差等问题,提出了一种融合变异策略的自适应蝴蝶优化算法。通过引入动态调整转换概率策略,利用迭代次数和个体适应度的变化信息动态调整转换概率,有效维持了算法全局探索与局部搜索的平衡;通过引入自适应惯性权重策略和局部变异策略,利用惯性权重值和混沌记忆权重因子进一步提高了算法的多样性,有效避免算法早熟收敛,同时加快了算法的收敛速度和求解精度。利用改进算法对12个基准测试函数进行仿真实验,与基本蝴蝶优化算法、粒子群算法、樽海鞘群算法、灰狼优化算法等其他算法对比表明,改进算法具有收敛速度快、寻优精度高、稳定性强等优异性能。     

基于混合策略改进的鲸鱼优化算法

针对原始鲸鱼优化算法（WOA）收敛速度慢、全局搜索能力弱、求解精度低且易陷入局部最优等问题,提出一种混合策略来改进的鲸鱼优化算法（LGWOA）。首先将莱维飞行引入鲸鱼全局搜索的公式中,通过莱维飞行加大全局搜索步长,扩大搜索空间、提高全局搜索能力;其次,在鲸鱼螺旋上升阶段,加入一个自适应权重参数来提高算法的局部搜索能力和求解精度;最后结合遗传算法的交叉变异思想平衡算法的全局搜索和局部搜索能力,维持种群的多样性,规避陷入局部最优。通过对12个基准测试函数从2个角度进行实验对比分析,结果表明,基于混合策略改进的鲸鱼优化算法在收敛速度和求解精度上均有明显提升。     

基于改进惯性权重的粒子群优化算法

惯性权重是粒子群算法中平衡全局搜索和局部搜索能力的重要参数,提出了一种基于改进惯性权重的粒子群优化算法。该算法在进化初期采用基于不同粒子不同维的动态自适应惯性权重策略,加快收敛速度,在进化后期采用线性递减权重策略,同时为防止陷入局优,适时引入混沌变异增加种群多样性。对5个典型测试函数的测试结果表明,NPSO在收敛速度、收敛精度、稳定性和全局搜索能力等方面比线性权重PSO(LDIWPSO)均有很大程度上的提高。     

引入莱维飞行与动态权重的改进灰狼算法

针对求解复杂优化问题时,灰狼（GWO）算法存在全局搜索能力不足、容易陷入局部最优值等问题,提出一种引入莱维飞行与动态权重策略的改进灰狼算法（LGWO）。基于Singer混沌映射初始化灰狼个体位置,增加种群多样性;收敛因子采用新的非线性更新策略,在种群迭代全期平衡全局搜索与局部搜索能力;在种群位置更新公式引入莱维飞行与动态权重策略,增加种群跳出局部最优值的概率,提升寻优准确度。通过8个基准函数的测试,并与其他优化算法和改进算法进行对比,LGWO取得了最优的收敛速度与预测精度,并验证了LGWO算法优化高维复杂问题的有效性。     

混合变异算子的自适应粒子群优化算法

针对惯性权重线性递减粒子群算法(LDW)不能适应复杂的非线性优化搜索过程的问题,提出了一种非线性递减的惯性权重策略,使算法很快地进入局部搜索,并在算法中引入混合变异算子,克服算法易早熟收敛的缺陷。对几种典型函数的测试结果表明,本文算法的收敛速度和收敛精度都明显优于LDW算法。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。