Mixed-Fisher特征云模型聚类在文本情感分类中的应用

海量网络信息的出现,使得提取文本信息情感观点成为研究的热点。针对文本情感分类中文本信息模糊及分类准确率低的问题,提出了一种基于Mixed-Fisher特征选择的文本云向量模型聚类算法。该算法首先分别计算文档中各个词性特征项的Fisher判别比,根据Fisher判别比越大特征向量判别性越强的Fisher准则,选择Fisher比值较大的前q个特征,并按照词性进行组合生成文档的Mixed-Fisher特征向量。然后在Mixed-Fisher特征向量集上构建文档的云向量模型,根据云向量模型间的差异度对模型进行聚类和合并。将该算法应用于文本情感观点的分类,选择核Fisher判别技术用于最终文本观点的判定。仿真实验结果表明,基于Mixed-Fisher特征的云向量聚类模型的分类准确率明显优于传统向量空间模型,从而验证了核Fisher判别技术的有效性。     

基于LSTM的商品评论情感分析

随着电子商务的发展,产生了大量的商品评论文本.针对商品评论的短文本特征,基于情感词典的情感分类方法需要大量依赖于情感数据库资源,而机器学习的方法又需要进行复杂的人工设计特征和提取特征过程.本文提出采用长短期记忆网络（Long Short-Term Memory）文本分类算法进行情感倾向分析,首先利用Word2vec和分词技术将评论短文本文本处理为计算机可理解的词向量传入LSTM网络并加入Dropout算法以防止过拟合得出最终的分类模型.实验表明：在基于深度学习的商品评论情感倾向分析中,利用LSTM网络的短时记忆独特特征对商品评论的情感分类取得了很好的效果,准确率达到99%以上.     

基于短语的维吾尔文文本分类

文本特征表示是在文本自动分类中最重要的一个环节。在基于向量空间模型（VSM）的文本表示中特征单元粒度的选择直接影响到文本分类的效果。对于基于词袋模型（BOW）的维吾尔文文本分类效果不理想的问题,提出了一种基于统计方法的维吾尔语短语抽取算法并将抽取到的短语作为文本特征项,采用支持向量机（SVM）算法对维吾尔文文本进行了分类实验。实验结果表明,与以词为特征的文本分类相比,短语作为文本特征能够提高维吾尔文文本分类的准确率和召回率。     

维吾尔文Bigram文本特征提取

文本特征表示是在文本自动分类中最重要的一个环节。在基于向量空间模型（VSM）的文本表示中特征单元粒度的选择直接影响到文本分类的效果。在维吾尔文文本分类中,对于单词特征不能更好地表征文本内容特征的问题,在分析了维吾尔文Bigram对文本分类作用的基础上,构造了一个新的统计量CHIMI,并在此基础上提出了一种维吾尔语Bigram特征提取算法。将抽取到的Bigram作为文本特征,采用支持向量机（SVM）算法对维吾尔文文本进行了分类实验。实验结果表明,与以词为特征的文本分类相比,Bigram作为文本特征能够提高维吾尔文文本分类的准确率和召回率并且通过实验验证了该算法的有效性。     

面向中文网络评论情感分类的集成学习框架

该文针对中文网络评论情感分类任务,提出了一种集成学习框架。首先针对中文网络评论复杂多样的特点,采用词性组合模式、频繁词序列模式和保序子矩阵模式作为输入特征。然后采用基于信息增益的随机子空间算法解决文本特征繁多的问题,同时提高基分类器的分类性能。最后基于产品属性构造基分类器算法综合评论文本中每个属性的情感信息,进而判别评论的句子级情感倾向。实验结果表明了该框架在中文网络评论情感分类任务上的有效性,特别是在Logistic Regression分类算法上准确率达到90.3%。     

一种利用情感词统计信息构造文本特征表示的方法

数据表达方法和文本分类的效果密切相关。文本分类中常用的数据表达方法主要包括基于词典的共现频率方法、基于隐性语义空间(LSA/SVD)的方法、基于神经网络语言模型的方法。该文提出一种利用单词的统计特征创建文本分类中特征空间的表达方法。该方法利用单词的7种常见的统计特征，通过相关性分析选取相对独立的统计特征创建特征空间。该方法能够有效降低文本向量空间的维度，同时降低了语义空间内的计算复杂度。情感分类实验的结果表明，与现有的单词的数据表达方法相比，该方法能够显著提高分类算法的准确率和召回率。     

基于LDA—加权Word2Vec组合的机器学习情感分类模型研究

为解决社交媒体用户发布评论文本过长,导致情感倾向不明确,情感特征分布离散,传统情感分类模型缺乏上下文语义分析,提取情感特征不准确,分类精准率较低的难题,提出一种主题模型与词向量组合特征（LDA-Word2Vec）的情感分类模型。通过LDA主题模型对长评论文本进行特征提取,构建所有主题下的特征词库;借助特征词库构建长评论的LDA特征表达;利用CBOW训练得到特征表达后文本的词向量表示,使用TF-IDF对词向量进行加权并融合语义特征,再构建机器学习模型对长评论文本进行情感分类的方法,研究了机器学习情感分类模型。实验结果表明：相较于传统的文本特征表示方法,本文提出的LDA-Word2Vec组合特征的方法,在情感分类的准确率与召回率的表现上都更加优秀。可见本文的模型能够进一步挖掘文本的情感特征,具有一定学术意义和现实意义。     

基于情感特征向量空间模型的中文商品评论倾向分类算法

为了能够快速有效地将中文商品评论识别为好评或差评,提出一种算法。针对不同类别的商品,预先根据其评论语料构建领域情感词典,评论文本与情感词典集匹配提取情感特征,构建情感特征向量空间模型SF-VSM(Sentiment Feature Vector Space Model),解决传统的特征向量空间模型维数较高及特征选择误差问题。然后基于该模型结合改进的多项式朴素贝叶斯方法对评论进行情感倾向分类。实验结果表明,相比分别基于原始特征和基于χ2特征选取的朴素贝叶斯分类算法,该算法分类精度较高且分类速度快。     

基于词性特征的CNN_BiGRU文本分类模型

传统词嵌入通常将词项的不同上下文编码至同一参数空间,造成词向量未能有效辨别多义词的语义;CNN网络极易关注文本局部特征而忽略文本时序语义,BiGRU网络善于学习文本时序整体语义,造成关键局部特征提取不足.针对上述问题,提出一种基于词性特征的CNN_BiGRU文本分类模型.引入词性特征构建具有词性属性的词性向量;将词性向量与词向量交叉组合形成增强词向量,以改善文本表示;采用CNN网络获取增强词向量的局部表示,利用BiGRU网络捕获增强词向量的全局上下文表示;融合两模型学习的表示形成深度语义特征;将该深度语义特征连接至Softmax分类器完成分类预测.实验结果表明,该模型提高了分类准确率,具有良好的文本语义建模和识别能力.     

情感分类中基于词性嵌入的特征权重计算方法

在文本情感分类中,传统的特征表达通常忽略了语言知识的重要性。提出了一种基于词性嵌入的特征权重计算方法,通过构造一种特征嵌入模式将名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词性对情感分类的贡献度嵌入到传统的TF-IDF（Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency）权值中。其中,词性的情感贡献度通过粒子群优化算法获得。实验采用支持向量机完成分类,并对比了不同知识的嵌入情况,包括词性、情感词及词性和情感词的组合。结果表明基于词性嵌入的方法分类性能最优,可以显著提高中文文本情感分类的准确率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.