PANI/TiO2纳米复合材料的制备及其发光性能研究

采用原位化学氧化聚合的方法制备了一系列不同纳米TiO2含量的PANI/TiO2纳米复合材料,利用FI-IR、TG、XRD、TEM、SEM等方法对产物进行了结构表征和性能研究.研究表明:PANI包覆在TiO2表面,形成分散均匀的纳米复合粒子,直径约20～30nm; PANI/TiO2纳米复合材料有一定程度的晶化;在复合材料中,TiO2和聚苯胺分子链之间存在强的相互作用,并对复合材料的热稳定性起促进作用:通过UV-Vis、荧光光谱探讨了掺杂纳米TiO2粒子对PANI光学性能的影响,结果表明:PANI/TiO2纳米复合材料在紫外和可见光区域均有较强吸收,并在348nm处激发产生荧光,荧光强度随着TiO2的掺杂出现较大的提高.     

脉冲电沉积法制备PANI/CNTs复合材料及其超电容性能

采用脉冲电沉积法,于苯胺、浓硫酸和碳纳米管(CNTs)的混合溶液中,制备得到PANI(聚苯胺)/CNTs复合物,并对所制PANI/CNTs复合材料的微观形貌、结构以及电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明,CNTs的加入增大了PANI/CNTs复合物的比表面积,提高了其导电性。PANI/CNTs复合物用作超级电容器电极材料时,其比容量可达420.7 F/g,经500次循环后衰减幅度为8.9%,表现出优良的电化学性能。     

TiO_2掺杂量对PTFE/SiO_2复合材料性能的影响

采用新型化学工艺,制备了SiO2与TiO2共同填充的PTFE复合材料,系统研究了TiO2掺杂量对所制复合材料显微结构、微波介电性能和热膨胀系数的影响。结果表明,复合材料的密度、介电常数和热膨胀系数都随着掺杂量的增大而增加,吸水率随着掺杂量的增大而减小,介电损耗随着掺杂量的增大先减小后增大。当TiO2掺杂量为质量分数7%时,PTFE很好地包覆在SiO2表面,复合材料结构致密,具有与铜箔较为匹配的线膨胀系数(17.76×10–6/℃),且介电性能优良(εr=2.94,tanδ=0.000 82)。     

导电聚苯胺电磁屏蔽复合材料研究及进展

介绍导电聚苯胺（PANI）及其复合材料的特点、制备方法、分类、性能优化方法,讨论了掺杂剂的种类、PH值、反应温度等影响聚苯胺复合材料电磁屏蔽性能的因素,并提出要进一步发展需要解决PANI的溶熔性和加工性问题,改善PANI的结构。     

银-DBSA掺杂聚苯胺的制备及应用研究

采用苯胺,过（二）硫酸铵（NH4）2S2O8、硝酸银AgNO3、甲醛、十二烷基苯磺酸钠等为原料,合成了银-DBSA掺杂的聚苯胺。最佳合成的具体条件：反应温度在0～5℃下,苯胺、（NH4）2S2O8和十二烷基本磺酸钠摩尔比为4：4：1,加入的AgNO3的物质的量为苯胺的10%,反应4.5小时后,再加适量的甲醛还原得到银-DBSA掺杂聚苯胺。样品的IR光谱表明,通过还原后峰型和峰位都发生了明显的变化。样品的XRD分析知,银-DBSA掺杂聚苯胺有很强的金属元素银的峰,样品的SEM表明,还原得到的银-DBSA掺杂聚苯胺的颗粒度更小,且有许多银白色的银粒分散在高聚物大分子中。样品的TG热分析表明,银-DBSA掺杂聚苯胺在420℃以下是很稳定的,说明掺入银后的聚苯胺的热稳定性得到了显著的增强。用四探针电阻仪测试样品的电导率约为14S/cm,因此它是很有希望用于全印制电路技术的新材料。     

氮掺杂碳包覆凹凸棒石的制备及其电化学性能研究

利用苯胺原位化学聚合合成聚苯胺包覆凹凸棒石,再经过高温热处理得到氮掺杂碳包覆凹凸棒石。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅立叶转换红外线光谱(FTIR)、差热分析法(DTA)对样品形貌和化学结构进行表征,利用循环伏安法、恒电流充放电及交流阻抗技术研究其用作超级电容器电极材料时的电化学性能。研究表明,氮掺杂碳包覆凹凸棒石在6 mol·L~(–1)的KOH电解液中具有较好的电容性能,在20 m V·s~(–1)的扫速下质量比电容可达161.9 F·g~(–1),且该复合材料具有较小的内阻和良好的电容稳定性。     

水溶性聚苯胺/SmBaCu0.7Mn0.3O5+δ材料的制备与氨敏性能研究

采用化学氧化法制备了水溶性聚苯胺（PANI）,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了 SmBaCu1-yMnyO5+δ（y=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3,0.4, 0.5, 0.6）（SBCM）粉体,用微粒填充法制备了 PANI / SBCM 复合材料。利用 FT-IR、XRD、TEM 多种手段对产物进行表征,并制成气敏元件,在室温操作温度下测试其对氨气的灵敏度。结果表明,在相同条件下,在 PANI元件、SBCM 元件及 PANI / SBCM 元件气敏测试中,PANI/SmBaCu0.7Mn0.3O5+δ（PANI/SBC70M30） 元件对氨气的气敏性能最优,对体积分数为 100×10–6的 NH3灵敏度在室温条件下达到最大值为 4.66,同时还具有较好的选择性、响应-恢复特性与稳定性,响应时间和恢复时间分别为 16 和 121 s。     

掺杂和碳包覆对锂离子电池负极材料Li_4Ti_5O_(12)性能的影响

采用固相法首次合成了碳包覆的掺杂不同金属离子的锂离子电池负极材料Li3.9M0.1Ti5O12/C(M=Mn、Cu、Mg),对材料进行了循环伏安测试及恒电流充放电测试。结果表明:金属掺杂未改变材料的晶体尖晶石结构,由于金属离子对Li4Ti5O12的晶胞内部的掺杂和C对其外部的包覆,使复合材料的锂离子扩散速率、大电流循环稳定性和可逆容量都明显提高。在1C充放电循环时,Li3.9Mn0.1Ti5O12/C、Li3.9Cu0.1Ti5O12/C、Li3.9Mg0.1Ti5O12/C首次放电容量分别达到156.6,162.4和169.8 mAh/g;50次循环后,容量分别保持在155.4,159.6和169.7 mAh/g,展示了优良的电化学特性。     

ZnO纳米片/聚苯胺制备与紫外激发室温气敏性能

采用两步法制备氧化锌纳米片/聚苯胺(ZnO/PANI)复合材料,首先制备ZnO纳米片,然后以此为载体,通过苯胺单体的原位聚合得到最终产物。通过XRD、FTIR、FESEM、氮气吸附-脱附和紫外-可见漫反射对合成材料进行表征,研究了其紫外激发室温气敏性能,分析了可能的紫外激发气敏机理。结果表明,在紫外光激发下,ZnO/PANI复合材料实现了室温检测,乙醇浓度100×10~(-6)(体积分数)时,灵敏度较高达到17.6,响应和恢复时间均在30 s以内。     

十二烷基苯磺酸掺杂聚苯胺的气敏性能研究

以苯胺为单体,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,采用化学氧化聚合法分别在十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)和盐酸中合成了聚苯胺(PAn),并用傅里叶红外光谱和TGA-DTA技术对聚苯胺掺杂前后的结构变化和热稳定性进行了分析。研究了不同质子酸掺杂对聚苯胺气敏性能的影响。结果表明:十二烷基苯磺酸掺杂的聚苯胺,比普通盐酸掺杂的聚苯胺对目标气体具有更好的灵敏性。当r(S:N)为0.4～0.5时,在室温下其对1000×10-6NH3的灵敏度达到了10.43,响应时间为30s,恢复时间为3min。且与盐酸相比,十二烷基苯磺酸掺杂的聚苯胺具有更好的环境稳定性。     

Fabrication and characterization of urchin-like polyaniline microspheres using lignosulfonate as template

An urchin-like conducting microsphere was fabricated by synthesizing polyaniline, PANI, with lignosulfonate, LGS. FESEM images showed that this special PANI structure was controllably formed because the pure PANI presented only a nanofiber formed mat, and the PANI/LGS mixture with the ANI/LGS ratio (%) at 36/1 and 18/1 formed spheres while the PANI nanofibers lied on spherical surface, and only at 9/1 led the PANI nanofiber to stand on sphere surface in the urchin-like structure. Taking the pure PANI as a reference, the urchin-like PANI/LGS microsphere has been found to have enhanced conductivity and thermal stability.     

不同表面活性剂对高导电态聚苯胺形貌与性能的影响

以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,采用自稳定分散聚合法(SSDP)合成高导电态聚苯胺(PANI)。研究了不同种类的表面活性剂对PANI形貌与性能的影响,通过TEM、FT-IR、XRD、UV-Vis及四探针实验分别对PANI进行分析表征。结果表明,添加阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)所得的PANI呈纳米纤维状,添加非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇(PEG400)和阳离子表面活性剂三乙醇胺(TEA)所得的PANI分别呈扇形树枝状和薄膜状;添加DBSA所得PANI电导率最高,为8.7 S.cm–1,而添加PEG400所得聚苯胺产率最高,为78.3%。     

合成扫速对聚苯胺电极电容性能的影响

采用循环伏安法在不锈钢网上合成了导电聚苯胺(PANI)。研究了合成扫速分别为5,10,20,50,100 mV/s时聚苯胺电极的性能。结果表明,扫速为5 mV/s时生成的聚苯胺膜孔隙最小,比表面积最大,电阻最小,具有最好的电容性能,在0.1 A/g和1 A/g充放电电流密度下,其比容量分别达860 F/g和485 F/g。     

石墨烯/聚苯胺纳米复合材料的制备及防腐应用研究进展

导电聚苯胺(PANI)具有易合成、易掺杂等特点,石墨烯(GR)及石墨烯衍生材料具有较高的比表面积、良好的导电性、优异的防液体渗漏等物理和化学性质。两者的复合材料表现出优异的机械、电化学、防腐蚀等性能,引起了广泛的关注。介绍了石墨烯/聚苯胺纳米复合材料的制备方法、影响石墨烯/聚苯胺性能的主要因素以及石墨烯/聚苯胺纳米复合材料在防腐中的应用。系统总结了石墨烯/聚苯胺的防腐机理以及在不同基体涂料中的防腐改性,石墨烯的存在增加了腐蚀介质(如H2O和O2)渗透路径的曲折程度,减缓了金属腐蚀速度,从而提高涂料防腐效率。石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料在防腐方面具有广阔的应用前景,对石墨烯/聚苯胺的复合状态、防腐机理、环境适应性的深入研究是未来该材料的发展方向。     

Surface chemical sensitivity of polyaniline doped with palladium or platinum compounds

The chemical and structural surface-aging effects brought about by the presence of water in emeraldine base (EB) polyaniline (PANI) doped with Pd or Pt protonic acids were studied. IR spectroscopy, XRD, XPS and heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation (alkyne→alkene→alkane) were applied to characterise the PANI–Pd and PANI–Pt. Interpretation of the results gave the surface characteristics, structure, chemical catalytic activity and stability mainly of PANI–Pd specimens. The unique form of catalytically active centres therein was the surface complex [PdCl₄]²⁻ with Pd 3d_5/2 BE=337·7 eV. The most promising among the PANI–Pd catalysts studied were those dried in a slow, long procedure (3 months, zeolite 5A). Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Electronic structure of highly crystalline polyaniline by study of tunneling conduction in n+-Si/self-assembled monolayer/polyaniline heterostructures

Highly crystalline polyaniline (PANI) films were deposited on degenerated silicon (n⁺-Si) substrates covered with its native oxide (SiO₂), surface modified with amino-silane self-assembled monolayers (SAM). Scanning electron microscopy studies reveal formation of single crystal domains scattered all over the surface of film. Height and current images obtained using current-sensing AFM (C-AFM) exhibit pyramidal topography of crystallites, and inhomogeneous conductivity. As the native oxide and SAM acts as a very thin insulating layer (<2 nm) between the metal-like substrate (degenerated Si) and the PANI film, it forms n⁺-Si/SiO₂/SAM/PANI metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) heterostructure. C-AFM probe was used for I–V measurements on the MIS structures and study the tunneling conduction across it. The conductance spectra derived from I–V characteristics corroborates well with the polaron-lattice band structure of doped PANI with presence of polaron bands between the HOMO-LUMO energy gap. These polaron bands are well-resolved from our C-AFM measurements and they are located about 0.25 eV below the LUMO and above the HOMO.     

双光子聚合制备聚苯胺微结构

为直接制备小尺度且具有可控形貌的导电聚合物微结构,利用一种基于飞秒激光的双光子聚合法,实现了聚苯胺在基底上任意位置处微纳米尺寸线条的精准可控制备。以苯胺为单体、硝酸为氧化剂,通过调控苯胺与硝酸的浓度,可以制备出具有不同形貌的聚苯胺微纳米线。不溶于水的苯胺高聚物在水相界面处合成,苯胺与硝酸的浓度及激光功率会影响水溶性苯胺低聚物的分布,进而影响聚苯胺微纳米线的形貌。当苯胺与硝酸浓度分别为0.69 mol·L^-1和0.60 mol·L^-1时,可制备出具有致密光滑形态、电导率为5.79×10^-6 S·cm^-1的聚苯胺微纳米线。本研究为导电聚合物的制备及其在传感器、微型探测器等微纳米器件中的广泛应用提供了新思路。     

High‐Resolution Characterization of Pentacene/Polyaniline Interfaces in Thin‐Film Transistors

We present the first detailed report that directly correlates the reduced contact resistance in organic thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with fundamental structural and morphological characterization at the organic semiconductor/conducting polymer interface. Specifically, the pentacene grains are similar in size and continuous across the channel/electrode interface in bottom‐contact TFTs with polyaniline (PANI) electrodes. On a molecular level, the fused rings of pentacene are oriented perpendicular to the surface both in the channel and on PANI. Accordingly, the contact resistance is small in such devices. In TFTs with gold electrodes, however, the pentacene grains are different in size and are discontinuous across the channel/electrode interface. Further, the fused rings of pentacene are oriented perpendicular to the channel surface and parallel to the gold surface. Such differences across the channel/electrode interface lead to structural and electronic disorder, which manifests itself as a significantly larger contact resistance in devices with gold electrodes.     

Formation of Polyaniline Nanorod/Liquid Crystalline Epoxy Composite Nanowires Using a Temperature‐Gradient Method

Liquid crystalline epoxy/polyaniline (LCE/PANI) composite nanowires have been fabricated using an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane by a temperature‐gradient curing process. PANI nanorods with an average diameter of 30 nm have been synthesized by dispersion polymerization in order to employ them as a curing agent for LCE and as a reinforcement filler for the LCE/PANI composite nanowires. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy indicate that the LCE crosslinking reaction occurred inside the channels of the AAO membrane via the curing of LCE with PANI nanorods. The LCE/PANI composite nanowires exhibit an enhanced electrical conductivity and thermal stability, comparable with a LCE/PANI composite monolith. In addition, these polymer‐composite nanowires also display the characteristics of a functionally gradient conducting material.     

Polyaniline composite coatings with thermally stable electrical properties

Polyaniline (PANI) composite coatings were prepared by polymerising aniline (ANI) monomers, which were previously embedded in an insulator polymer matrix (PMMA, PVK or PS), in an atmosphere saturated with aqueous HCl–(NH₄)₂S₂O₈ solution. The optical spectra and electrical measurements of these coatings clearly show the formation of the emeraldine salt of PANI in the composite materials. Sheet resistance data as well as an SEM morphology study suggest a surface polymerisation of aniline in the PANI–PMMA and PANI–PS composite coatings, whereas a volumetric polymerisation of aniline is evident in the PANI–PVK samples. The low percolation threshold (p_c) values of these coatings suggest a fibre structure of the PANI phase inside the composite materials. The curves of current versus temperature show a higher electrical property stability of the PANI–PVK composite coatings than of a PANI single film. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.