低当量无铅液体炸药透镜的研制

以聚四氟乙烯作为整形板,设计了一种低当量的硝基甲烷液体炸药透镜。通过不同装药参数的动态实验和数值模拟计算分析发现,除惰性材料整形板对爆轰冲击波的衰减外,传爆药柱与硝基甲烷的爆速差以及由此形成的强爆轰也是影响透镜波形及波形不稳定性的主要因素,通过减小传爆药柱厚度可以削弱强爆轰及其影响的程度。     

等效水下爆炸冲击加载装置的设计研究

为了获取等效水下爆炸冲击波载荷,基于一维弹性波理论与水介质的线性状态方程,对飞片撞击充水锥形靶舱进行了理论分析。采用AUTODYN有限元软件,对撞击过程进行了数值模拟,对比分析了两种活塞厚度对应的冲击波衰减时间。根据理论与数值模拟研究结果,设计组装了等效水下爆炸冲击加载实验装置,测得了水靶舱侧壁中心处的冲击波压力时程曲线。研究结果表明：在实验室范围内通过飞片撞击锥形水靶舱,获取等效水下爆炸冲击波载荷是可行的,而且飞片速度与活塞厚度决定了水靶舱内冲击波的压力峰值与衰减时间;研制的加载装置可用于典型结构与材料的水下爆炸冲击响应分析研究。     

破片和冲击波毁伤圆柱靶的数值仿真

采用动态显式非线性有限元软件对破片和冲击波对圆柱靶的毁伤试验进行了数值仿 真。将破片和冲击波作用分离开来进行研究,既简化了模型又保证了仿真精度。通过圆柱靶冲击 波毁伤试验,检验了圆柱靶材料模型及其参数选取的合理性和网格收敛性。将仿真结果和试验结 果进行了比较,证实了仿真模型的合理性和有效性。计算结果表明：在一定的弹一靶作用距离下, 釆用破片和冲击波联合作用加载,可以有效地形成圆柱靶的解体毁伤。     

装药间隙及填充物对炸药爆轰性能的影响

以外径Φ45.5 mm、内径Φ8.2 mm、长度40 mm、密度1.61 g.cm-3的双基推进剂空心药柱为研究对象,在推进剂装药结构中设置一定间隙,并在间隙中分别填充空气、水、沙、木屑、橡胶片、含氧化剂弹性体等材料,研究了间隙及填充物对推进剂爆速及其爆炸作用效应的影响。结果表明:当间隙为2 mm,在间隙中填充空气时,主发药柱被激发后,被发药柱发生爆炸。当间隙大于3 mm,在间隙中仍填充空气时,被发药柱不发生爆炸;当间隙中填充其它材料后,则被发药柱可以被激发,爆速超过6000 m.s-1,10 mm厚的A3钢板能够被击穿。     

高强度水下爆炸等效冲击波加载特性研究

为了实现实验室范围内的高强度水下爆炸冲击波加载,在现有非药式水下冲击波加载装置的基础上,对加载水舱的结构进行了改进,并利用实验和仿真相结合的方法对非药式高强度水下爆炸冲击波等效加载特性进行了研究,分析了飞片及活塞的质量对加载冲击波强度和衰减时间常数的影响规律,确定了该方法所产生的高强度水下冲击波加载特性。进而利用该装置对0.5 mm厚铝合金靶板进行了水下冲击波加载实验。实验结果表明,改进后的非药式水下爆炸冲击波等效加载装置能够对目标结构进行有效的高强度水下冲击波加载。     

封闭式聚能装药爆炸噪声控制装置实验研究

为了降低聚能装药爆炸时的噪声,设计了一种封闭式消声装置,对不同结构、不同参数装置进行了消声实验研究。实验中,选用了多种材料作为填充材料。实验结果表明:该装置应选取泡沫塑料作为填充材料,其力学性能良好、成本低;同时能稳定穿透40 mm厚均质45#钢靶板;具有足够强度,能有效降低噪音。     

脉冲载荷下柱壳结构响应实验研究

利用电子束及化爆对柱壳模拟结构进行脉冲加载，通过试验研究结构响应规律及结构破坏阈值，对壳体结构响应的基本理论进行了论述和分析；根据电子束及化爆加载实验结果，重点分析了不同结构的破坏阈值；提出了提高柱壳壳体抗脉冲载荷能力的技术途径。     

柔性导爆索输出性能测试及传爆规律

为了进一步简化弹药结构,提高武器系统安全性和可靠性,对影响柔性导爆索多点同步起爆网络输出性能的主要参数——爆速和爆压进行了研究。利用探针法,采用时间间隔测试仪对柔性导爆索爆速进行测试,探讨了靶距对爆速测试结果的影响,结果发现,影响柔性导爆索爆速的主要因素是装药密度、约束强度和装药直径,在同样条件下,银导爆索比铅导爆索的爆速明显提高。研究了微型H型锰铜压力计测试导爆索爆压的方法,结果表明,只有极小尺寸下爆压变化与约束材料有关,利用这些结果,能更精确地设计柔性爆炸网络。     

磁爆加载薄壁金属管的冲击变形实验研究

利用构建的磁爆加载实验平台,对脉冲磁动力与电爆炸耦合效应作用下薄壁金属管的冲击变形进行了研究,获得了加载过程的强流放电波形,以及不同结构和材料薄壁金属管的冲击变形。结果表明:以脉冲电容器组为能源时,RLC电路过程能较好地反映加载时的强流放电特性;相同结构薄壁金属管的冲击变形主要受加载方式的影响,加载过程产生的焦耳热使材料显著升温,更易于变形,但高温将导致材料气化,无法形成磁聚毁伤元;磁聚毁伤元不宜采用低熔点或低延展性材料,相比铝材,紫铜更优,而截锥管比圆管结构更易于控制形成磁聚毁伤元。     

高能量冲击加载试验装置研究进展

轻气炮和空气炮是常见的实验室条件下模拟高冲击、高过载试验环境的加载装置。它们是通过发射弹丸与目标靶件产生撞击，达到冲击载荷加载的要求。轻气炮是研究高速、超高速碰撞终点效应以及含能材料冲击特性的重要模拟加载实验手段。空气炮在研究高g值加速度传感器，振动冲击传感器的动态、静态特性的标定校准，以及侵彻引信部件和器件的高冲击、大脉宽、高能量冲击加载方面有重要应用；空气炮较霍普金森杆装置的冲击加载脉宽大很多。深入系统地分析了国内外相关单位常温条件和高低温环境条件下的轻气炮、空气炮冲击加载试验装置研究现状，并给出了重点发展方向的思考及建议。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.     

A Study on the Estimation of Aeroheating upon the Warhead Nose at Supersonic Speed

An expression for estimating the aeroheating on a warhead nose at different supersonic speeds is proposed by incorporating CFD （computational fluid dynamics） and the least-square method. Compared with the traditional estimation formula, the expression is more accurate, convenient and can be used in the optimized design of warheads. The error from the result obtained in the test of a ball cartridge flight is less than 3 %. It satisfies the engineering requirements.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.