浅析磷石膏对熟料煅烧及性能的影响

<正>磷石膏是磷化工生产中的固体废物,主要成分为Ca SO4·2H2O,除了含有一部分磷和氟外,还含有少量其他杂质。由于磷石膏具有一定的腐蚀性,所以长期堆放不仅占用了土地资源,同时会严重影响当地的生态环境。本文在生料配料中掺加部分磷石膏进行生产,初步探讨了磷石膏对硅酸盐熟料煅烧及熟料性能的影响。     

磷石膏结晶特征与磷矿物性状

对全国所有磷矿的(二水)磷石膏结晶晶形进行了研究,认为:不同磷矿物具有不同的磷石膏结晶特征,因此,萃取磷酸已不再是H3PO4,磷石膏也不再是CaSO4·2H2O,磷石膏结晶无晶核生成和晶核成长过程;反应温度、结晶时间和工艺流程并不影响二水磷石膏结晶。     

磷石膏一步法制取硫酸钾工艺研究

针对氨溶液中磷石膏制备硫酸钾工艺存在的问题,对氨-乙醇溶液中磷石膏直接制备硫酸钾的工艺进行了研究.反应条件为:φ(乙醇)=6%、初始ω(氨)= 25%、反应温度25℃、反应时间1.5h、液固比即[V(乙醇)+V(氨水)]∶[m(磷石膏)+m(氯化钾)]=5.0∶1(mL/g)、配料比n(CaSO4·2H2O)∶n(KC...     

煅烧石膏活性及激发粉煤灰机理的研究

活性煅烧石膏分为两种类型 :经 80 0℃左右煅烧 ,以活性CaSO4 为主要成分 ;经 12 5 0℃左右煅烧 ,以CaO和结构松驰的CaSO4 为主要成分。本文探讨煅烧石膏的活性及激发粉煤灰的机理。     

10℃下 K+, Ca2+∥Cl-,SO42-,36%NH3-H2O体系相图的研究

为了探讨CaSO4·2H2O和KCl复分解生产K2SO4的工艺及最佳生产条件,特用恒温法研究了10℃K+,Ca2+∥Cl-,SO42-,36%NH3-H2O体系相图.溶剂NH3-H2O中氨的浓度之所以选为36%,目的在于扩大K2SO4及CaSO4·K2SO4·H2O的结晶区;反应温度选为10℃,可降低氨的蒸气压.研究结果表明:在上述条件下,体系中存在K2SO4和CaSO4·K2SO4·H2O、CaSO4·K2SO4·H2O和CaSO4·2H2O的共饱线;存在K2SO4-CaSO4·K2SO4·H2O-KCl以及CaSO4·2H2O-CaSO4·K2SO4·H2O-KCl的三盐共饱点;K2SO4结晶区要比25℃,溶剂NH3-H2O中氨的浓度为25%的同体系相图大得多:K2SO4-CaSO4·K2SO4·H2O-KCl的三盐共饱点更偏向氯化钙一角,因此有利于CaSO4·2H2O和KCl复分解生产K2SO4:最佳工艺条件为2KCl(mol):CaSO4(mol):36%NH3-H2O(kg)=1:0.9023:0.5740,KCl的理论转化率可达90.22%;若想进一步提高KCl的理论转化率,必须加大氨的浓度.     

改性磷石膏代替天然石膏的试验及应用

0引言磷石膏是制取磷酸的工业副产品,每生产1吨磷酸就要排放3吨磷石膏。干燥脱水后的磷石膏外观呈灰白粉状,略带粘性。其化学成份主要是CaSO4·2H2O,含量在85%以上,按石膏国标要求属一级品位。在显微镜下观察可见与天然二水石膏的晶体结构基本相同。由于传统的二水法生产磷酸排     

问：熟石膏粉制做模型时为什么会产生热膨胀？这种膨胀对模型有何益处和坏处？影响热膨胀的因素有哪些？

答：1石膏粉产生热膨胀的原因（机理） 石膏粉与水混合后,发生放热化学反应： CaSO4·0．5H2O＋1．5H2O→CaSO4·2H2O＋Q 半水石膏 二水石膏 同时伴随着热膨胀的产生。其产生热膨胀的原因（机理）目前有以下两种解释：-     

快烧对磷石膏脱水相组成及胶凝性能的影响

去除可溶磷杂质和脱水是利用磷石膏制备胶凝材料必需的处理过程。通过改变快烧温度和时间对磷石膏进行处理,分别测定快烧磷石膏可溶磷含量、脱水相组成和胶凝性能,并对几种典型快烧条件下的磷石膏矿物组成和形貌进行分析,同时与经水洗后150℃煅烧4 h制备的磷石膏胶凝材料进行对比。结果表明:快烧后磷石膏为Ca SO4·2H2O、Ca SO4·1/2H2O和Ⅲ、Ⅱ型Ca SO4组成的复相石膏体系,可溶磷杂质含量随快烧温度提高和时间延长明显降低;800℃快烧30 s得到的磷石膏胶凝材料强度最高,2 h抗压强度达到3.79 MPa;经快烧处理磷石膏的颗粒尺寸明显减小。800℃快烧30 s能有效降低磷石膏中可溶磷杂质含量,并获得较高强度的磷石膏胶凝材料;虽然相比水洗后煅烧工艺,快烧制备的磷石膏胶凝材料强度和可溶磷杂质去除率稍低,但快烧是一种具有竞争力的处理工艺。     

磷石膏制备β-半水石膏粉实验研究

采用磷石膏制备β-半水石膏粉,对磷石膏粉煅烧温度、升温速度、煅烧时间、研磨条件、陈化时间等工艺条件进行了系统研究,获得了用磷石膏生产优等建筑石膏的工艺条件,为加快开发利用磷石膏资源奠定了基础.     

磷石膏作水泥缓凝剂的实践

<正>磷石膏是用硫酸分解磷矿石制取磷酸时产生的固体废渣,其主要成分是CaSO4·2H2O。磷酸铵化肥厂每生产1t磷酸产生约5t磷石膏,每生产1t磷酸二铵产生约4t磷石膏。近年来随着高效复合肥工业的     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。