基于压缩感知的循环平稳特征检测方法

在认知无线电中,传统的循环平稳特征检测技术为了达到理想的感知效果,需要大量的数据采样点,导致其感知过程复杂度大,感知时间长.针对此问题,提出了一种基于压缩感知的改进循环平稳特征检测方法,该算法利用信号循环自相关函数(Cyclic Autocorrelation Function,CAF)的稀疏特性,基于分段平均的时变自相关函数估计值,通过压缩感知技术重构二维CAF矩阵,再根据重构结果实现循环平稳特征检测.该方法不仅可有效降低计算复杂度和检测时间,而且提高了二维CAF的估计精度.仿真结果表明该方法的检测性能优于基于经典CAF估计的循环平稳特征检测技术.     

低信噪比下周期平稳信号的稳健检测算法

本文提出了一种新的对周期平稳信号进行检测以及对二阶周期循环频率进行估计的算法。该算法利用信号的递归性质构造高阶自相关矩阵,并通过利用周期平稳信号与自相关矩阵特征值和特征向量的关系,对其进行检测以及对循环频率进行估计。传统检测周期平稳信号的算法是通过计算其循环自相关函数或循环谱实现,相比传统算法而言,本算法由于利用到了信号更多的先验信息,因而在较低信噪比以及较低快拍数下对周期平稳信号均能有较好的检测性能。文中仿真实验表明,本文所提算法估计出的伪循环谱相比传统方法估计出的循环谱更为平滑,在相同快拍和信噪比条件下,检测概率均高于传统方法,特别在低信噪比下对检测概率的改善更为明显。      

基于循环平稳的多天线渐进最优χ2检测算法

为了提高基于循环平稳感知方法的检测性能,减少深衰落对感知性能的影响,提出了一种基于多天线合并方案的频谱感知算法,即将循环自相关函数和循环谱密度函数进行一种改进的最大增益比合并,并通过渐进最优χ2检测法得出检验统计量。该种算法可以在感知信号和噪声幅值信息未知的情况下对信号的有无进行检测。为了验证提出方法的正确性,以BPSK信号为例对提出的算法进行仿真检验,仿真结果表明多天线感知算法的性能优于单天线感知,减少了深衰落对接收信号的影响。     

IEEE 802.22授权频带多周期循环检测性能分析

认知无线电使用动态频率接入,应具备自动检测无线电频谱空洞功能。基于多周期循环检测算法,研究了IEEE802.22WRAN授权用户频带的特征感知方案。其基本思想是利用周期平稳信号的自相关函数以及协方差函数特性,计算自相关值的协方差,比较估计值与门限值,判决原信号是否具有循环平稳性,从而识别出各种信号类型。仿真利用两类授权用户信号特点进行精细感知,并着重分析了循环周期长度和延时等参数对检测性能的影响。结果表明增加计算自相关函数时的循环周期长度或采样点数,降低延时,都有利于信号检测,从而验证了该算法的优良性。     

一种多天线智能谱感知方法研究

频谱感知和多天线分集合并技术是目前无线通信研究的热点.为了在复杂的信道衰落环境下实施有效的检测,融合多种检测方法是目前频谱感知技术的发展趋势.提出了一种基于匹配滤波器检测、能量检测和循环平稳检测的多天线合并智能频谱感知算法.通过建立高斯信道下二元假设检验模型,得出了总检测概率的封闭表达式.各种条件下的检测概率和检测时间的接收机工作特性(Receiver Operating Characteristic,ROC)实验结果表明所提算法优于单天线的性能,有效地利用了分集技术并减小了信号瞬时波动,保证在衰落信道条件下也能得到较高的检测概率.这对发展新型频谱感知技术,促进认知无线电技术应用具有重要意义.     

基于能量和循环谱的两步频谱感知

频谱感知是认知无线电的重要技术之一,它通过实时感知电磁环境以判断频谱空穴的存在。根据能量检测的检测时间短,以及循环平稳特征检测在低信噪比情况下的检测准确性高的优点,提出了基于能量和循环谱的两步检测算法。通过实验仿真表明,与循环平稳特征检测相比,两步检测的检测时间大幅度缩短,同时检测准确性也得到了提高。     

循环相关熵谱密度估计高效算法研究

针对循环相关熵谱估计循环周期图检测(CPD)算法存在计算效率低、频谱分辨率低和易产生"频谱泄漏"的问题,该文提出一种循环相关熵谱估计的Correntrogram算法.Correntrogram算法借鉴Wigner-Ville分布(WVD)时频分辨率高的优势,将WVD算法中瞬时自相关函数替换为时变自相关熵函数,即可得到一种循环相关熵谱密度估计算法,称为Correntrogram.首先计算信号的时变自相关熵函数矩阵,再计算时变自相关熵函数矩阵各行的FFT,得到循环自相关熵函数矩阵,最后计算循环自相关熵函数矩阵各列的FFT,得到循环相关熵谱密度.通过仿真调幅信号的处理结果证明:Correntrogram算法有效提高了循环相关熵谱估计效率,避免了"频谱泄漏",提高了频谱分辨率,该算法程序运行可靠.     

认知无线电能量检测与循环谱检测算法研究

频谱检测是认知无线电的关键技术之一.通过对认知无线电频谱检测技术中的能量检测和循环谱检测技术进行研究,并对能量检测性能、观测数据长度和接收信噪比之间的定量关系进行分析;同时,还介绍了循环谱检测算法的原理,并仿真了不同信噪比下能量检测和循环谱检测算法的性能.仿真结果表明,循环谱检测算法具有比能量检测算法更高的检测灵敏度.     

基于循环谱的MSK信号盲检测与参数估计

针对最小频移键控(MSK)信号的循环平稳特性,分析其循环谱密度,将渐进最优x2分布应用到该种信号的盲检测中,提出了一种基于信号频域循环平稳特征的检测方案。根据其循环谱截面的特点,提出了对信号载频和码元速率进行估计的方法,该方法避免了多维搜索,而且不需要知道信号的频率参数等先验信息。仿真结果证明了在低信噪比下本文所提出检测和参数估计方法的有效性。     

一种改进的认知无线电循环功率谱特征检测算法

通过对认知无线电频谱检测技术的研究,结合通信信号普遍存在的循环平稳特性,本文首先较为详细地阐述了循环功率谱的基本概念,随后提出了可应用于认知无线电频谱检测的基于二阶循环平稳特性的循环功率谱特征检测算法,并依据认知无线电的实际需求对检测算法进行了修正.在此基础上,以现代通信系统较为常用的QPSK调制信号进行了检测算法的仿真,并根据仿真结果对算法的有效检测性能进行了详细的分析,实际应用也验证了检测算法的可行性.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.