共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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采用共沉淀法合成了一系列与水镁石结构类似的八面体层状物质-ZnMgAl类水滑石催化剂(ZnMgAl-HTlc),并考察了其对高酸原油酯化脱酸的催化性能.结果表明,催化剂ZnMgAl-HTlc合成的适宜条件是镁锌物质的量比为0.5,合成时间24 h,合成温度85 ℃以及合成液pH值9~10.在此条件下合成的ZnMgAl-HTlc是一种有效的酯化脱酸催化剂,在一定条件下可使高酸原油的酸值由 3.61 mgKOH/g降至0.1 mgKOH/g以下,脱酸率达到97%以上,能够满足炼油厂在不进行材质升级条件下加工高酸原油的要求. 相似文献
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对高酸原油的催化脱酸效果进行了试验,分别进行了不同温度下的脱酸效果,不同空速下的脱酸效果,不同催化剂下的脱酸效果以及不同种类的有机酸的脱酸效果的试验研究。通过研究可知Mg对于催化剂的脱酸效果有重要的影响,浸镁的ML-16B催化剂效果明显高于不浸镁的催化剂,且脱酸效果随温度的升高而增加;在重时空速方面,当空速低于18 h-1时,如果继续降低空速不但不能有效的提高脱酸率还会增加脱酸成本;比较了不同酸种类的脱酸效果可以发现,有机酸的碳链越长,脱酸效果越差。 相似文献
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分析了常规高酸原油脱酸工艺的不足,介绍了近几年国内外对高酸原油脱酸的新工艺方法,如离子液体原油脱酸、脱酸剂技术脱酸、高温热解脱酸等方法。新技术将对原油脱酸技术的发展起到一定的推动作用,其中咪唑型阳离子脱酸具有较大的应用前景。 相似文献
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高岭土固载磷钨酸催化剂的制备及其催化酯化性能研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
以高岭土为载体、磷钨酸为活性组分制备了高岭土固载磷钨酸催化剂,该催化剂的催化酯化性能通过以异丁酸与异戊醇的催化酯化合成异丁酸异戊酯为探针反应,考察了高岭土的焙烧温度以及催化剂的焙烧温度、焙烧时间和磷钨酸与高岭土的质量比等因素对异丁酸异戊酯酯化率的影响,并采用IR技术对载体、活性组分及催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,催化剂的适宜制备条件为高岭土800℃焙烧2 h,催化剂300℃焙烧2 h,磷钨酸与高岭土质量比1∶2,异丁酸异戊酯酯化率可达97.9%。 相似文献
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碳基固体酸催化剂的合成及其催化酯化性能 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以桃核壳为原料合成了碳基固体酸催化剂。利用乙醇和乙酸的酯化反应为模型反应,考察了不同碳化温度、磺化温度和磺化时间对催化剂活性的影响。 用TG分析催化剂的热稳定性,用SEM及搭载的能谱分析仪EDS考察了催化剂的外貌特征和表面元素分布。结果表明,在300 ℃碳化和98 ℃磺化4.5 h所得的催化剂活性最高,每克碳基固体酸催化剂负载的磺酸基团为2.1 mmol。在反应时间5 h、反应温度70 ℃、催化剂用量为冰乙酸和乙醇混合物总质量的2%和醇酸物质的量比为1.5∶1时,冰醋酸转化率为70.84%。 相似文献
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Using acid-catalyzed esterification, a continuous reactor, containing four separate continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR's), was designed and used to reduce the free fatty acid (FFA) content of mixed crude palm oil (MCPO). A six-blade disk turbine and four baffles were installed in each of the four reactors to enhance mixing. The complete reactor was tested using response surface methodology (RSM). A 5-level, 4-factor, central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the four important reaction variables (methanol/oil ratio; sulfuric acid/oil ratio; speed of the stirrer; and residence time) to reduce the FFA content of the MCPO to less than 1 wt.% of oil. Multiple regression analysis was used to derive a polynomial equation to predict the FFA content of the product. This was then used to indicate optimal conditions for reducing the FFA in mixed crude palm oil to less than 1 wt.%. 相似文献
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Unlike conventional refinery processing, downhole upgrading involves implementing catalytic processes in oil-bearing geologic formations. In this way impurities contained in heavy crude oil can possibly be left in the ground or easily separated during oil production, providing an improved crude oil feed for refineries. Additionally, value or viability can be added to an otherwise uneconomic or remote heavy oil deposit. In order to successfully produce improved quality oil via a downhole upgrading project, several processing steps are anticipated: placement of catalysts into an appropriate downhole location, mobilization of reactants over the catalyst bed, and creation of processing conditions necessary to achieve a reasonable degree of catalytic upgrading. Each of these steps has been proven by past application; their combination into a unified below-ground process remains problematic. Downhole processing differs from surface processing in that brine, high steam partial pressures and low hydrogen partial pressures need to be accommodated in the downhole setting. There are no reports of significant downhole catalytic upgrading of crude oil, although examples of thermal upgrading are noted. However, available technology should be amenable to conducting a successful process. Upgrading of heavy crude oil at anticipated downhole processing conditions has been successfully proven in the laboratory. Recently published literature with immediate pertinence to the problems of downhole catalytic upgrading is reviewed with the goal of stimulating research and providing directions for future investigations. 相似文献
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以工业偏钛浆为原料,通过水洗、碱洗、酸洗处理制备了锐钛型介孔偏钛酸催化剂,将催化剂用于α-蒎烯酯化反应中考察其催化性能,采用FT-IR、XRD、SEM、BET手段对催化剂的晶相结构、形貌、表面积、孔径等结构进行了表征。结果表明,最佳制备条件为:温度30 ℃,碱洗pH=8.5,酸洗pH=4.0;处理后的偏钛酸催化剂基本没有SO42?,且晶型没有发生明显变化,均为锐钛矿相,最佳条件下制备的偏钛酸催化剂孔径分布均匀,晶粒团聚较少,比表面积为334.82 m2/g,平均孔径为3.96 nm,催化α-蒎烯酯化生成草酸龙脑酯含量可达48.59 %,皂化后水蒸气蒸馏收集龙脑,m1(正龙脑)∶m2(异龙脑)=59.27∶37.07。 相似文献
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复合多金属硫化物(MMS)催化剂主要用于原油的深度加氢,用于生产高十六烷值、低硫和低芳族化合物柴油。MMS催化剂包含NiMoS、NiWS、NiMoO、NiWO、NiMoWS和ZnMoWS催化剂等。综述MMS催化剂中二元复合金属硫化物催化剂和三元复合金属硫化物催化剂的制备方法,采用二步法即添加有机物作孔成形剂先制得催化剂前驱体,再由前驱体制得的MMS催化剂结构更松散,具有较大的比表面积(90 m2·g-1)和大孔容(大于0.3 cm3·g-1),因而具有更好的催化活性。对比不同MMS催化剂对重质柴油、焦油等的加氢裂解、加氢脱硫和加氢脱氮性能,认为NiMoW三元复合金属硫化物催化剂(50%Ni25%Mo25%W)的活性最优。 相似文献