掺杂改性TiO2可见光光催化剂研究的最新进展

纳米TiO2在紫外光照射下具有良好的光催化活性,在环境污染物治理方面具有重要的应用前景。为提高TiO2对可见光的吸收,常常需要对TiO2进行掺杂改性以缩小其禁带宽度。本文综述了近些年来国内外在金属掺杂、非金属掺杂、金属-金属共掺杂、金属-非金属共掺杂、非金属-非金属共掺杂以及杂多酸盐掺杂改性TiO2光催化剂方面的最新进展,并对TiO2可见光光催化剂的研究进行了展望。     

金属掺杂二氧化钛的研究进展

二氧化钛(TiO2)是一种比较理想的光催化剂,具有无毒、生产成本低、耐光照等特点。但是较宽的禁带使其应用受到一定的限制,通过掺杂可以改变禁带的宽度提高TiO2的光催化和光电性能。掺杂可分为非金属掺杂和金属掺杂,非金属掺杂一般是拓展其光吸收范围,提高对可见光的响应能力。金属掺杂为了抑制电子—空穴的复合,提高光催化性能,此外TiO2掺杂金属后表现出光、电、磁性能。     

非金属掺杂的第二代二氧化钛光催化剂研究进展

寻求廉价、环境友好并具有可见光光催化活性的第二代光催化剂将是光催化发展进一步走向实用化的关键。氮掺杂的TIO2是新发现的具有可见光光催化活性的复合光催化剂,非金属掺杂可以使复合物的复合禁带宽度小于TIO2的禁带宽度,从而使TIO2的吸收边向可见光移动。对TIO2的氮、碳、硫、卤素掺杂国内外研究现状进行了系统评述,分析了提高TIO2可见光活性的原因,指出非金属元素特别是氮元素的阴离子掺杂是在不降低紫外光催化活性的基础上实现可见光响应的较好方法。     

纳米二氧化钛光催化剂共掺杂的研究进展

综述了近年来纳米二氧化钛光催化剂共掺杂的研究进展。介绍了纳米二氧化钛光催化剂的作用机理,从促进二氧化钛可见光响应、抑制光生电子与空穴的复合、造成晶格缺陷,增加氧空位、提高二氧化钛光催化剂表面羟基含量等方面解释了纳米二氧化钛光催化剂掺杂改性的作用机理。分析比较了非金属与非金属共掺杂、非金属与金属共掺杂、金属与金属共掺杂等不同掺杂方式对二氧化钛光催化剂的催化性能影响,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。     

BiPO_4光催化剂改性研究的最新进展

BiPO_4是近几年发现的能被紫外光激发的光催化剂,其具有较强的矿化能力、易于制备、且稳定无毒等优点,得到了国内外研究学者的关注。由于BiPO_4禁带宽度大,导致其光催化活性差。为提高BiPO_4对可见光的吸收,常常需要对其进行掺杂或复合改性来减小其禁带宽度。对金属掺杂、非金属掺杂、复合改性、表面活性剂修饰等进行了总结,并对其在提高活性方面进行了展望。     

BiPO_4光催化剂改性研究的最新进展

BiPO_4是近几年发现的能被紫外光激发的光催化剂,其具有较强的矿化能力、易于制备、且稳定无毒等优点,得到了国内外研究学者的关注。由于BiPO_4禁带宽度大,导致其光催化活性差。为提高BiPO_4对可见光的吸收,常常需要对其进行掺杂或复合改性来减小其禁带宽度。对金属掺杂、非金属掺杂、复合改性、表面活性剂修饰等进行了总结,并对其在提高活性方面进行了展望。     

Bi4Ti3O12光催化材料的制备及性能研究进展

Bi4Ti3O12禁带间隙较窄,能在可见光下响应,因而具有比TiO2更好的光催化性能.但Bi4Ti3O12作为光催化剂应用存在着光量子效率不高、光生电子与空穴易结合及对可见光的吸收有限等问题.综述了近年来Bi4Ti3O12光催化剂的研究,研究表明通过元素掺杂及半导体复合等改性手段可以有效抑制光生电子与空穴的复合率,提高Bi4Ti3O12的光催化性能.最后对Bi4Ti3O12光催化剂未来的发展方向进行展望.     

非金属掺杂改性二氧化钛光催化剂研究进展

采用掺杂金属离子或非金属离子可增强TiO2光催化材料可见光响应能力.金属离子掺杂往往牺牲其紫外光区催化能力,而采用非金属掺杂不仅能够增强其可见光响应能力,且保持紫外区光催化活性,非金属离子掺杂将是TiO2光催化改性的重要方法.综述了近年来采用非金属离子掺杂改性TiO2光催化剂的最新研究.     

TiO_2光催化降解有机污染物的研究进展

二氧化钛具有优异的光电转换及物化性能,是半导体光催化材料的研究热点,广泛用于有机污染物降解研究。但二氧化钛禁带宽度较大,只能吸收紫外光辐射,太阳光利用率低,且二氧化钛的量子效率低。综述金属掺杂、非金属掺杂、共掺杂、半导体复合-异质结和染料敏化二氧化钛改性方法,拓宽TiO_2的光响应范围,抑制载流子复合,提高光催化活性和能量转换效率,提高有机污染物降解率,实现可见光降解。     

光催化剂TiO2改性的研究进展

TiO₂具有光催化性能好、化学性质稳定、毒性低、价格低廉等优点,但由于禁带较宽,只对紫外光有响应,且电子和空穴容易复合,导致光催化活性和效率降低。本文介绍了TiO₂的几种主要改性方法的最新研究进展。表面沉积贵金属、半导体复合、染料敏化可以降低TiO₂的禁带宽度,增加其响应波长,提高太阳光的利用率。离子掺杂可使得TiO₂晶体表面产生缺陷,抑制光生电子和空穴的复合,增加表面活性中心的数量。碳纳米管和石墨烯掺杂则能够提高TiO₂对可见光的吸收率,扩大光响应范围,同时加快电子传输,减少载流子复合,提高催化效率。指出石墨烯作为新型掺杂材料具有很大的发展潜力,TiO₂基多组分复合型光催化剂可获得比单种组分表面改性或者掺杂TiO₂更好的效果。最后介绍了TiO₂表面的亲/疏水改性研究进展。     

纳米TiO2光催化剂可见光化的研究进展

从纳米TiO2的掺杂和复合两方面,介绍了近年来实现其可见光化的研究进展。评述了金属离子的掺杂、稀土元素的掺杂、非金属元素的掺杂以及与另一种窄禁带半导体的复合,可使复合物的禁带宽度小于TiO2的禁带宽度,从而使TiO2的吸收带边发生红移,实现可见光响应。     

Enhanced visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic activities of LiInO2 by Mo6+‐doping strategy

A novel visible‐light‐driven photocatalyst of Mo‐doped LiInO₂ nanocomposite was successfully synthesized through a sol‐gel method. The effect of Mo‐doping concentrations on the microstructures and properties of LiInO₂ was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectra. The photocatalytic properties of the as‐prepared samples were evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible‐light irradiation. The results demonstrated that the photocatalytic activity of 6% Mo‐LiInO₂ reached to 98.6%, which was much higher than that of the undoped photocatalyst LiInO₂ (only 46.8%). The enhanced photocatalytic activity is ascribed to Mo‐doping strategy. The holes play an important role in the process of the photodegradation of MB. The superior photocatalytic activity of the as‐prepared Mo‐LiInO₂ nanocomposites suggests a potential application for organic dye degradation of wastewater remediation. This work provides a further understanding on tailoring the band structure of semiconductor photocatalyst for enhancing visible‐light absorption and promoting electron‐hole separation by Mo‐doping strategy.     

Impact of tailoring of the defect states and the band gap towards extreme photocatalytic performance and photo-induced conductivity in cobalt doped ZnO QD

Due to the advantages of tuning the electronic structure and reducing charge carrier recombination, metal doping into semiconductor metal oxides has been considered an efficient method for enhancing photocatalytic activity and photo-induced conductivity. In this paper, we focus on the effect of cobalt doping on the photocatalytic performance and photo-induced conductivity of ZnO QD. It was found that after Co doping, the photocatalytic activity of ZnO QD was remarkably higher than that of undoped ZnO QD when measured with methylene blue (MB) dye. The study showed that the complete degradation of the dye using 5 mol% cobalt doped ZnO QD occurred in just 6 min, which is 4 times faster than that of undoped ZnO QD. The extent of dye mineralization was supported by chemical oxygen demand (COD) study, which revealed that the dye was almost entirely mineralized. Furthermore, the photoconductivity and photosensitivity of 5 mol% doped Co doped ZnO QD were increased by 20 and 7 times, respectively, over that of undoped ZnO QD. The outstanding boost in photocatalytic activity and photoconductivity is caused by the tunable band gap mediated photo response, which increases light harvesting and thus the generation of a large number of electron hole pairs. Another possible explanation is that sub-energy levels formed between the conduction and valence bands act as a trap for electrons and holes, promoting charge separation by limiting photogenerated charge carrier recombination.     

Structural,optical and photocatalytic properties of hafnium doped zinc oxide nanophotocatalyst

A series of novel hafnium (Hf) doped ZnO nanophotocatalyst were synthesized using a simple sol–gel method with a doping content of up to 6 mol%. The structure, morphology and optical characteristics of the photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, XPS, DRS and PL spectroscopy. The successful synthesis and chemical composition of pure and doped ZnO photocatalysts were confirmed by XRD and XPS. DRS confirmed that the spectral responses of the photocatalysts were shifted towards the visible light region and showed a reduction in band gap energy from 3.26 to 3.17 eV. Fluorescence emission spectra indicated that doped ZnO samples possess better charge separation capability than pure ZnO. The photocatalytic activity of Hf-doped ZnO was evaluated by the methylene blue (MB) degradation in aqueous solution under sunlight irradiation. Parameters such as irradiation time and doping content were found effective on the photoactivity of pure ZnO and Hf-doped ZnO. The photocatalysis experiments demonstrated that 2 mol% Hf-ZnO exhibited higher photocatalytic activity as compared to ZnO, ZnO commercial and other hafnium doped ZnO photocatalysts and also revealed that MB was effectively degraded by more than 85% within 120 min. The enhanced photoactivity might be attributed to effective charge separation and enhanced visible light absorption. It was concluded that the presence of hafnium within ZnO lattice could enhance the photocatalytic oxidation over pure ZnO.     

新型g-C3N4/CuS复合材料的制备及光催化研究

一步水热法合成CuS修饰的石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4/CuS)复合光催化剂,通过FE-SEM、XRD、FTIR、UV-Vis-DRS等手段对其进行了表征,利用Cr(VI)溶液考察了g-C3N4/CuS在可见光下的光催化还原性能.实验结果表明,g-C3N4/CuS复合光催化剂的光催化活性明显优于单一的g-C3N4和CuS.可见光照射下,180 min内Cr(VI)的去除率可达70％以上.CuS的引入不仅扩宽了g-C3N4的可见光吸收范围,而且降低了g-C3N4光生电子和空穴的复合率,从而显著提高g-C3N4的光催化活性.该复合材料的催化活性受溶液的pH值影响较大,酸性条件下更有利于光催化反应的进行;共存低浓度腐殖酸对Cr(VI)的去除没有显著影响.g-C3N4/CuS具有良好的可见光催化活性,可用于废水中Cr(VI)的光催化还原去除.     

Improved photocatalytic performance of Gd and Nd co-doped ZnO nanorods for the degradation of methylene blue

This paper reports the synthesis of pure ZnO, Gd and Nd co-doped ZnO nanorods based nanocomposites via simple hydrothermal method. Subsequently, the prepared photocatalysts were characterized using XRD, SEM/EDX, TEM, UV–visible and PL spectroscopy. The XRD results demonstrate that Gd and Nd ions were incorporated into ZnO lattice in the synthesized ZnO based nanocomposites and showed hexagonal wurtzite structure. The SEM and TEM results show that nanorods having nanoscale diameter and length were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The UV–visible spectroscopy verified that the band gap of ZnO was reduced due to incorporation of Gd and Nd into ZnO photocatalyst. Similarly, Gd and Nd incorporation into ZnO was found effective to reduce the recombination of electrons and holes as confirmed by PL spectroscopy. Moreover, the prepared nanocomposites with various atomic ratios (0.5–2%) were tested for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB), under visible light irradiation. The highly efficient and optimized 1.5% Nd/ZnO nanocomposite demonstrated enhanced photocatalytic performance for the degradation of methylene blue compared to pure ZnO and other nanocomposites. Furthermore, the recycling results show that the 1.5% Nd/ZnO nanocomposites displayed good stability and long-term durability. These finding suggest that the ZnO based nanocomposite could be efficiently used in various energy and environmental applications.     

提高纳米二氧化钛可见光光催化活性研究的进展

综述了近年来提高纳米TiO2可见光光催化活性的研究,主要包括:对纳米TiO2进行表面复合与衍生、金属离子掺杂、半导体偶合、非金属元素掺杂改性和染料敏化等技术,并分析了各种不同掺杂改性机理.最后,展望了提高纳米TiO2可见光光催化活性研究进展的前景.     

B掺杂对负载型TiO_2光催化剂脱硝性能的影响

采用超声辅助溶胶-凝胶法制备活化半焦负载B掺杂TiO_2光催化剂,即B-TiO_2/ASC。在相同实验条件下,分别在紫外和可见光下研究其对模拟烟气的光催化氧化脱硝性能。结果表明,在紫外和可见光下,B掺杂光催化剂的活性得到提高,在可见光下的活性增加更加显著,反应180 min后仍可保持80%以上的脱硝率。结合XRD和FT-IR分析,可以看出B以取代掺杂的方式存在于TiO_2中并且导致TiO_2表面缺陷。表面缺陷有助于光生载流子的分离,从而延长光生电子的寿命并增加参与光催化反应的光生电子数量,从而产生更多的羟基自由基氧化NO,最终提高光催化脱硝率。